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Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 is a non-toxic, earth-abundant photovoltaic absorber. However, its efficiency is limited by a large open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit occurring due to its antisite defects and improper band alignment with toxic CdS buffer. Therefore, finding an absorber and non-toxic buffers that reduce VOC deficit is crucial. Herein, for the first time, Ag2BaTiSe4 is proposed as an alternative absorber using SCAPS-1D wherein a new class of alkaline earth metal chalcogenide such as MgS, CaS, SrS, and BaS is applied as buffers, and their characteristics are compared with CdS to identify their potential and suitability. The buffer and absorber properties are elucidated by tuning their thickness, carrier concentration, and defect density. Interestingly, optimization of the buffer's carrier concentration suppressed the barrier height and accumulation of charge carriers at the absorber/buffer interface, leading to efficiencies of 18.81%, 17.17%, 20.6%, 20.85%, 20.08% in MgS, CaS, SrS, BaS, and CdS-based solar cells respectively. Upon optimizing Ag2BaTiSe4, MoSe2, and interface defects maximum efficiency of > 28% is achieved with less VOC loss (~ 0.3 V) in all solar cells at absorber's thickness, carrier concentration, and defect density of 1 µm, 1018 cm−3, 1015 cm−3 respectively, underscoring the promising nature of Ag2BaTiSe4 absorber and new alkaline earth metal chalcogenide buffers in photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trapping of photons and broad-spectrum absorption of solar irradiance are the primary focus of numerous solar cell research applications. In the current work, a novel paradigm for trapping light is introduced by introducing a nano-pyramidal array (NPA) using the SETFOS simulator. The triple layer used in the optimized design of the PSC helps improve photon absorption inside the device. The current study shows the optimization of carrier transport layer (CTL) thickness, temperature, cathode materials, and defectivity of the PSC devices. The simulation confirms that the NPA on the top of the ITO combined with a triple-graded active layer (AL) exhibits a current density (JSC) of 21.43 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.835V, a fill factor (FF) of 82.37, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.73%, respectively. The study also includes a lower-cost and novel TaTm as the hole transport layer (HTL) and C60 as the electron transport layer (ETL) for suitable band alignment with the photon absorber. Hence, combining the triple grading with NPA and TaTm as HTL efficiently improves the device performance and shows an effective way to optimize the PSC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapid growth of perovskite solar cells, there are still specific issues regarding the extensive absorption of incident photons. Double-layered methyl ammonium (MA)-free perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been proposed to sort out these issues. The material absorber in solar cells based on MA-free and cesium-based perovskite, i.e., Cs2BiAgI6, is a critical parameter because of its non-volatile nature as well as its band gap of 1.6 eV being helpful in a broader visible absorption spectrum than the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 material. Moreover, the quantum efficiency (QE) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in a configuration with MXene + TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the PSC can make improvements over a more extensive range. The results of the current modeling of numerical simulations are used to investigate the exclusive optoelectrical outputs of the PSC. Furthermore, we use a novel approach of an ETL of MXene + TiO2 in a PSC, which will lower the manufacturing cost and defectiveness. The present work compares different ETLs to attain the best PCE using Cs2BiAgI6 as a perovskite absorber layer (PAL). The results are exciting as the highest open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.48 V, high short current density (JSC) of 22.8 mA cm-2, with a high fill factor (FF) of nearly 84.6% in the double-layered PSC offer a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 28%. The designed outputs will be efficient for the convenient fabrication of the PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the increasing demand for power sources, scientists are continuously trying to improve the efficiency of solar cells. In these circumstances, Cs-based perovskites have attracted attention due to their intriguing performance. In this paper, eight different solar cells based on Cs-halide perovskite absorbers (CsPbI3, CsPbBr3, CsSnI3, CsSnCl3, Cs2BiAgI6, Cs3Bi2I9, CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3, and Cs3Sb2I9) are investigated using the SCAPS-1D simulation program. Besides, ZnO and CFTS materials are proposed as promising candidates for charge transport material application, along with gold as the back contact. Initially, the impact of the absorber and the electron transport layer (ETL) thickness on the photovoltaic performance was evaluated. In addition, various parameters, such as the thickness, the donor and acceptor densities and the defect density, are investigated to locate the final optimized Cs-based structures. From this optimization, it is evident that among all the optimizing features, absorber materials and the hole transport layer (HTL) thickness, the HTL acceptor density enhanced the performance much more than the other optimizing features. Furthermore, to evaluate the characteristics of these devices, the series resistance, shunt resistance, working temperature, current–voltage density, and quantum efficiency are also simulated. Among all eight Cs-based perovskites, the ITO/ZnO/CsPbBr3/CFTS/Au and ITO/ZnO/Cs3Bi2I9/CFTS/Au devices achieved the best performance, with a conversion efficiency of 19.28% and 19.23%, respectively. Lastly, the performance of the SCAPS-1D simulator software is verified using the wxAMPS simulation program, where both yield results that are in excellent agreement. In conclusion, this research provides useful information for optimizing solar cell architectures and understanding the effects of various device components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the potential of CsPbI3 as an absorber material to be used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To optimize the device, we used TiO2 as the electron transport layer and copper barium thiostannate (CBTS) as the hole transport layer in the CsPbI3-based PSC, and employed SCAPS- 1D software. We initially tested 10 different back metal contacts (BMCs) to identify the most suitable one for the primary device. After optimization of the BMC, the best-optimized device structure, ITO/TiO2/CsPbI3/CBTS/Ni, achieved a power conversion efficiency of 17.91%. We then evaluated the impact of the absorber thickness, acceptor density, and defect density on the device performance. We also analyzed the effect of changing the thickness, charge-carrier density, and defect density of the CsPbI3, TiO2, and CBTS layers, as well as the interfacial defect densities at the CBTS/CsPbI3 and CsPbI3/TiO2 interfaces, to further optimize device performance. This resulted in an improved efficiency of 19.06% for the ITO/TiO2/CsPbI3/CBTS/Ni device with HTL, compared to 18.17% without HTL. We also analyzed the impacts of operating temperature, series resistance, and shunt resistance on the final optimized device performance, as well as its capacitance-voltage, generation and recombination rate, current density- voltage (J-V), and quantum efficiency (QE) features. The results of these simulations provide valuable insights for the experimental fabrication of an efficient CsPbI3-based inorganic PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesium tin chloride (CsSnCl3) is a potential and competitive absorber material for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The full potential of CsSnCl3 not yet been realized owing to the possible challenges of defect-free device fabrication, non-optimized alignment of the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and the favorable device configuration. In this work, we proposed several CsSnCl3-based solar cell (SC) configurations using one dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) with different competent ETLs like indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO), tin-dioxide (SnO2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), ceric dioxide (CeO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), C60, PCBM, and HTLs of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), cupric oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO), vanadium oxide (V2O5), copper iodide (CuI), CuSCN, CuSbS2, Spiro MeOTAD, CBTS, CFTS, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS. Simulation results revealed that ZnO, TiO2, IGZO, WS2, PCBM, and C60 ETLs-based halide perovskites with ITO/ETLs/CsSnCl3/CBTS/Au heterostructure exhibited outstanding photoconversion efficiency retaining nearest photovoltaic parameters values among 96 different configurations. Further, for the six best-performing configurations, the effect of the CsSnCl3 absorber and ETL thickness, series and shunt resistance, working temperature, impact of capacitance, Mott–Schottky, generation and recombination rate, current–voltage properties, and quantum efficiency on performance were assessed. We found that ETLs like TiO2, ZnO, and IGZO, with CBTS HTL can act as outstanding materials for the fabrication of CsSnCl3-based high efficiency (η ≥ 22%) heterojunction SCs with ITO/ETL/CsSnCl3/CBTS/Au structure. The simulation results obtained by the SCAPS-1D for the best six CsSnCl3-perovskites SC configurations were compared by the wxAMPS (widget provided analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures) tool for further validation. Furthermore, the structural, optical and electronic properties along with electron charge density, and Fermi surface of the CsSnCl3 perovskite absorber layer were computed and analyzed using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory. Thus, this in-depth simulation paves a constructive research avenue to fabricate cost-effective, high-efficiency, and lead-free CsSnCl3 perovskite-based high-performance SCs for a lead-free green and pollution-free environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth oxides (REOs) and metals as an important class of materials have generated global interest in modern technology. Here, eight REOs (R 2 O 3 , R = Yb, Er, Sm, Eu, Y, Gd, Dy, and Ce) are identified those are mostly used in diverse chemical and industrial sectors. In this concise review the applications of these REOs in corrosion protection, thermal barrier coating, hydrophobic coating, catalytic reactions, refrigeration, photoactivity, environmental, and tribological sector are briefly summarized, which are sparsely documented in the existing literature review. In what follows, recently published relevant literature is systematically evaluated and key insights are addressed. The use of REOs as nonstoichiometric compounds or as doping agents to enhance the system performance of specific applications is commendable. Related lab-scale studies, therefore, will invoke the potential exploitation of individual or blended REOs for large-scale commercialization. However, phase transformation and high energy consumption in the thermal coating, multi-step fabrication of hydrophobic coating, the building of aromatic pollutants in catalysis, magnetic entropy shift in refrigeration, and photo corrosion are some of the inherent hindrances of these oxides. These issues warrant prompt actions from the scientific community to deliver cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally sustainable applications. Regardless, this review is expected to provide critical insights into REOs for contrasting industrial applications and encourage interested researchers to dig deeper in finding the best strategic solutions to counter prevalent challenges. [Display omitted] • Catalysis: REOs enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation activity. • Tribological: REOs enhance wear properties of hybrid composites. • Coating: REOs are potential for thermal barrier & corrosion-resistance coating. • Sustainability: REOs' contribution to recycling materials and water treatment. • Prospect: REOs possess great potential in eco-friendly applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the future, when fossil fuels are exhausted, alternative energy sources will be essential for everyday needs. Hydrogen-based energy can play a vital role in this aspect. This energy is green, clean, and renewable. Electrochemical hydrogen devices have been used extensively in nuclear power plants to manage hydrogen-based renewable fuel. Doped zirconate materials are commonly used as an electrolyte in these electrochemical devices. These materials have excellent physical stability and high proton transport numbers, which make them suitable for multiple applications. Doping enhances the physical and electronic properties of zirconate materials and makes them ideal for practical applications. This review highlights the applications of zirconate-based proton-conducting materials in electrochemical cells, particularly in tritium monitors, tritium recovery, hydrogen sensors, and hydrogen pump systems. The central section of this review summarizes recent investigations and provides a comprehensive insight into the various doping schemes, experimental setup, instrumentation, optimum operating conditions, morphology, composition, and performance of zirconate electrolyte materials. In addition, different challenges that are hindering zirconate materials from achieving their full potential in electrochemical hydrogen devices are discussed. Finally, this paper lays out a few pathways for aspirants who wish to undertake research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Initial Structure: FTO/CdS/Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 /HTL/Au structure was examined to determine how ten-hole transport layers (HTLs) affect solar cell efficiency. • Optimized Structure: The FTO/ETL/Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 /MoO 3 /Au structure has been investigated with six electron transport layers (ETLs) (BaSnO 3 , PC 61 BM, SnS 2 , Ti 2 O 3 :Nb, CdS, ZnOS) to find the best combination. • Material Tuning: Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 absorber, ETLs like BaSnO 3 , PC 61 BM, SnS 2 , Ti 2 O 3 :Nb, CdS, ZnOS thickness, donor and defect density. • Quantum Efficiency: Achieved nearly 100% EQE within the visible spectrum, showcasing optimized light absorption. The present study delves into the utilization of computer modeling techniques to analyze a photovoltaic (PV) design incorporating a lead (Pb)-free perovskite absorber material. This innovative structure employs a cesium-based double perovskite material, specifically Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 , characterized by an energy bandgap of 1.80 eV. The Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 exhibits a range of advantageous properties, including heightened stability in ambient conditions and appropriately aligned bandgaps. Given these considerations, an extensive exploration of the FTO/CdS/Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 /HTL/Au configuration was undertaken to assess the impact of ten distinct hole transport layers (HTLs) on the solar cell's efficiency. The simulation and analysis of all devices were conducted employing the one-dimensional SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) tool. Furthermore, the efficiency of the FTO/ETL/Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 /MoO 3 /Au architecture was probed, employing six different electron transport layers (ETLs) (BaSnO 3 , PC 61 BM, SnS 2 , Ti 2 O 3 :Nb, CdS, ZnOS), to discern the optimal combination. Post-optimization, adjustments were made to the absorber and ETL thickness, as well as the acceptor doping and defect density of the absorber, and the donor and defect density of the ETL, for the six combinations assessed. These topologies were also examined for their impacts on series and shunt resistance, capacitance, the Mott-Schottky effect, generation and recombination processes, current–voltage density, and quantum efficiency. Eventually, the most efficient cell in this study achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.30 % and featured the FTO/ZnOS/Cs 2 AgBi 0.75 Sb 0.25 Br 6 /MoO 3 /Au configuration. The aforementioned findings hold significant potential for advancing lead-free, double perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that are both more efficient and environmentally sustainable, paving the way for their widespread adoption in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxides having a perovskite structure are known to exhibit good proton conductivity in a high‐temperature region, which makes them potential candidates in the tritium recovery and purification system of the electrochemical devices of fusion reactors such as hydrogen pumps, hydrogen sensors, and tritium monitoring systems. But the dissolution of hydrogen into the proton conductor and its release behavior is not well known yet. In this study, the dissolution and release behavior of hydrogen was investigated in BaCe0.9Y0.1O3−α proton conductor by exposing deuterium gas (D2) and heavy water vapor (D2O) at 600 or 700°C for 5 h. The dissolved deuterium amount in the sample was measured using a temperature‐programmed desorption analysis (TDS) method. The relationship between the amount of deuterium dissolved in the sample with the exposure pressure was also investigated. At room temperature (RT), the diffusivity of hydrogen (e.g., deuterium) was calculated from the change of the amount of residual hydrogen in the exposed sample due to the change of storage time. The Tritium Migration Analysis Program, Version 4 (TMAP4) simulation code was used to simulate and compare the experimental value of the obtained diffusivity. Although diffusivity at RT has not been reported in the past, the diffusivity is close to the extrapolation value of the literature data. From the comparison of this research results with literature, it may consider that the dominant diffusion mechanism does not change regardless of the temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaZrO 3 -based materials doped with a trivalent cation have excellent chemical stability and relatively high proton conductivity which makes them potential proton conducting oxide materials for various electrochemical device applications such as hydrogen processing, high-temperature electrolysis, and solid electrolyte in fuel cells. However, BaZrO 3 showed poor sinterability, requiring high sintering temperatures (1700–2100 °C) with longtime sintering (20–100 h) to achieve the desired microstructure and grain growth. This sintering problem can be solved by slightly doping BaZrO 3 with a sintering aid element. Therefore, in this study, two different zirconate proton conductors: BaZr 0·9 Y 0·1 O 3-α (BZY) and BaZr 0·955 Y 0·03 Co 0·015 O 3-α (BZYC) were sintered in an air atmosphere and an oxygen atmosphere for 20 h in the temperature range of 1500–1640 °C. The sinterability was evaluated by analyzing the XRD diffraction patterns, lattice constant, lattice strain, crystallite size, relative density, open porosity, closed porosity, surface morphology, grain size, and grain boundary distribution, using the XRD, SEM, EDX, and Archimedes density measurement methods. It is concluded that in an oxygen atmosphere, sintering aid Co not only improves the relative density but also produces highly dense fine particles with clear grain boundaries which are promising for electrochemical hydrogen device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical hydrogen devices like fuel cells are widely investigated as promising technologies to mitigate the rising environmental challenges and enhance the renewable energy economy. In these devices, proton-conducting oxides (PCOs) are applied as electrolyte materials to transport protons. Excellent physical stability and higher proton transport number are two essential properties of electrolyte materials. Doped BaZrO 3 (BZO) is a solid ion-conducting perovskite material with high chemical stability and good proton-conducting properties at an intermediate temperature range of 400–650 °C. Therefore, BZO is an attractive material among the exciting proton-conducting oxides as electrolyte material. To enhance the proton transport properties and improve the material fabrication process of BZO, techniques such as the use of dopants, sintering aid, synthesis methods are crucial. The present review work highlights the applications of BZO as electrolyte material in electrochemical hydrogen devices such as hydrogen isotopes separation systems, hydrogen sensors, hydrogen pumps, and protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The central section of this review summarizes the recent research investigations of these applications and provides a comprehensive insight into the various synthesis process, doping, sintering aid, operating environments, and operating condition's impact on the composition, morphology, and performance of BZO electrolyte materials. Based on the reviewed literature, remarks on current challenges and prospects are provided. The presented information on in-depth analysis of the physical properties of barium zirconate electrolyte's along with output performance will guide aspirants in conducting research further on this field. [Display omitted] • Application of BaZrO 3 proton conductor for hydrogen pumps, hydrogen sensors, and solid oxide fuel cells is presented. • Reviewed most recent developments of BaZrO 3 as electrolyte material for fuel cells. • Challenges and prospects of BaZrO 3 as electrolyte material is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the exponential growth of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there remains certain concerns regarding the wide-range incident photons absorption. The doubly graded lead-free absorber in the PSC has been recommended for solving these problems. The absorber material in the PSC is based on the lead-free as well as tin-based perovskite i.e., CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 , that is one of the precarious parameters due to the non-toxic behavior as well as the lower band gap of 1.3 eV that can be useful in broad visible absorption spectrum than the traditional CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layer. Furthermore, the quantum efficiency (QE) as well as the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the double-graded configuration of the PSC can be improve. The outcomes of the present numerical simulations examine the solar cells' single and double grading strategy. Further, we use a novel approach of HTL-free PSC, that can lower the manufacturing cost and the defectivity. The present work compares single and double-grading Perovskite Absorber Layer (PAL) for obtaining high PCE. The results are exciting as the highest open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 0.965V, higher short-current density (J SC) of 35.26 mA/cm2, and high fill factor (FF) of 86.40% in the doubly-graded PSC shows a much-optimized PCE of nearly 29.35% that can be convenient for fabricating much efficient PSC device. • The double graded absorber were simulated for higher performance parameters. • The HTL free along with optimized graded approach enhanced the efficiency. • An optimum power conversion efficiency of 29.35% was achieved using the novel technique. • The current study will pave the way for the development of highly efficient solar cells in the future. • The present work can be valuable for futuristic device optimization of tin-based solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive outcomes of the specific modeling method for hybrid photovoltaic solar cells at the illumination condition of AM 1.5G spectrum are shown in this simulation work. This research aims to optimize the efficiency of the device structures by introducing the novel hybrid-absorber layer (AL). The hybrid solar cell (HSC) has higher efficiency with an absorber layer (AL), i.e., Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide. The current simulation uses ZnO, V 2 O 5 , and Spiro-OMeTAD as the carrier transport layers (CTLs); both hole/electron transport layer (HTL/ETL) to sandwich the CZTS, which have precise bandgaps of 1.5 eV. Using double HTLs of Spiro-OMeTAD/V 2 O 5 offers a high efficiency of 23.21%. The detailed examination of thickness, total defect density (DD), temperature dependency, and impedance-capacitance analysis of the simulated device structures are also studied simultaneously. • A comprehensive study of CZTS-based solar cells (SCs) is accomplished using SCAPS-1D software. • For the first time, CZTS-based SCs with double HTLs are comprehensively investigated. • Exclusive optimization confirms a high efficiency of the CZTS-based solar cell beyond 23%. • Results reported in this study will pave the way for the development of highly efficient solar cells. • Present work can be valuable for futuristic device optimization of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free perovskite of cesium tin chloride (CsSnCl 3) is being considered as a potential environmentally acceptable alternative for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the outstanding optoelectronic properties and reduced biotoxicity and non-hazardous characteristics. The poisonous nature and poor environmental stability of lead (Pb)-based perovskite are major hurdles to their reliable applications, even though their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has exceeded 25%. In this research, the potential of thermally stable, non-toxic CsSnCl 3 perovskite for designing high-efficiency solar cells was explored using the SCAPS-1D software. The influence of CsSnCl 3 layer thickness, acceptor density, and defect density was studied to obtain optimum values as a reference cell, and the effect of these parameters on six electron transport layers (ETLs) as well as Cu 2 BaSnS 4 (CBTS) hole transport layer (HTL) was also evaluated. The impact of series resistance, shunt resistance, and the working temperature on the electrical parameters of the cell and corresponding quantum efficiency were also assessed. The ITO/ZnO/CsSnCl 3 /CBTS/Au heterostructure was found to be the most efficient device among six different configurations, with a champion PCE of 23.96%, J SC of 23.5 mA/cm2, V OC of 1.04 V, and FF of 86%. These results were validated by results obtained from the wxAMPS and a comparative study with recent reports was also performed. These validated simulation results provide a greater understanding of the eco-friendly CsSnCl 3 -based perovskite and its potential for applications in modern prominent photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. [Display omitted] • Here, CsSnCl 3 -perovskite SC was investigated using SCAPS-1D for efficiency improvement. • Impact of absorber, ETL, and HTLs' thickness, acceptor and defect densities were evaluated. • Effect of series and shunt resistances, temperature, and quantum efficiency was also assessed. • ITO/ZnO/CsSnCl 3 /CBTS/Au heterostructure was found to be most efficient (PCE = 23.96%). • SCAPS-1D results were compared with literature and also validated by wxAMPS simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Properties of photoanodic nanocrystalline oxide film may vary with thickness and gamma irradiation. In this work, photoanodic nanocrystalline TiO 2 films of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μm thickness were fabricated on glass substrate as well as irradiated with 10 kGy gamma irradiation dose. Effect of film thickness on morphological, compositional, structural and optical properties of the irradiate film were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The XRD result showed significant change in mole fraction, phase content, crystal size, strain, specific surface area, morphology index, crystallites per unit surface area, and dislocation density of both anatase and rutile phase due to variation of irradiated film thickness. UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy results revealed that the optical bandgap increased with the increase of film thickness and found 2.80, 2.85, 3.15, 3.20, and 3.40 eV for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μm film. These studies will be beneficial to more deeply understand the effect of both gamma radiation and variation in film thickness on several properties of photoanodic layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Studied eight (8) promising nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. • Studied up-to-date strategies for cancer site targeting used in SDDSs. • Various stimulus techniques utilized for drug release at targeted sites are mentioned. • Studied toxicity of various nanocarriers used in SDDSs. • Challenges and research scope of nanocarriers in cancer therapy also highlighted. Abstract Nonspecific distribution and uncontrollable release of drugs in conventional drug delivery systems (CDDSs) have led to the development of smart nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, which are also known as Smart Drug Delivery Systems (SDDSs). SDDSs can deliver drugs to the target sites with reduced dosage frequency and in a spatially controlled manner to mitigate the side effects experienced in CDDSs. Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Site-specific drug delivery led to a keen interest in the SDDSs as an alternative to chemotherapy. Smart nanocarriers, nanoparticles used to carry drugs, are at the focus of SDDSs. A smart drug delivery system consists of smart nanocarriers, targeting mechanisms, and stimulus techniques. This review highlights the recent development of SDDSs for a number of smart nanocarriers, including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, meso-porous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, super paramagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. The nanocarriers are described in terms of their structures, classification, synthesis and degree of smartness. Even though SDDSs feature a number of advantages over chemotherapy, there are major concerns about the toxicity of smart nanocarriers; therefore, a substantial study on the toxicity and biocompatibility of the nanocarriers has been reported. Finally, the challenges and future research scope in the field of SDDSs are also presented. It is expected that this review will be widely useful for those who have been seeking new research directions in this field and for those who are about to start their studies in smart nanocarrier-based drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Wet-chemical texturization brought significant increase in wafer surface roughness. • Optical reflectance was reduced in presence of uniform pyramidal structures. • Minority carrier lifetime was increased 2.3 times for surface texturization. • Photoelectric conversion efficiency was increased by around 2.0 times. Abstract This paper presents the effect of surface texturization on the minority carrier lifetime and photoelectric conversion parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cell. Two different wet-chemical texturization methods were employed to etch the monocrystalline silicon wafer surface. Morphology of the wafers was investigated by stylus surface profiler, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and surface reflection measurement (SRM) systems. Due to texturization pyramidal structures were formed on wafer surface as well as the surface roughness was increased by 3.07%. Untextured (S1) and textured (S2 & S3) samples were doped with phosphorus atoms with a constant flow rate of liquid phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) in a high temperature diffusion furnace. Solar cell was fabricated using both untextured and textured silicon wafer. Maximum 1.66% decrease of optical reflectance was found in textured solar cell. The minority carrier lifetime and photoelectric parameters were investigated using surface photovoltage (SPV) and light-current-voltage (LIV) measurement system respectively. Minority carrier diffusion length and minority carrier lifetime were increased significantly in textured solar cell. Thus, surface texturization plays an important role on increasing the energy conversion efficiency of silicon solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, monocrystalline p-type Czochralski silicon wafers having dimension 127 × 127 mm 2 , thickness 200 μm, and plane (100) were textured to optimize the surface reflection for the fabrication of efficient solar cell. Properly cleaned silicon wafers were textured with the systematic variation of the etching time and chemical concentration (KOH and IPA) at 70 °C temperature. According to field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images and surface reflection measurement (SRM) data, the wafer textured with 10 min etching time and the wafer textured with 1 g of KOH concentration, both showed the similar minimum optical reflectance of 15.08%. This lower reflectance was due to the formation of uniform pyramidal structure on the wafer surface. Moreover, the wafer surface textured with 7 ml isopropyl alcohol (IPA) showed the lowest surface reflectance of 13.59% because of the formation of more uniform pyramidal structure. The most effective pyramidal structure for fabricating efficient solar cell was found for 10 min etching with optimum chemical recipe of KOH: IPA: H 2 O = 1 g: 7 ml: 125 ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two different nanomaterials of pure anatase and Degussa-P25 TiO 2 based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) photoanode were fabricated and characterized to investigate the influence of the nanomaterials and the natural dye on various optical and structural parameters of the photoanodes. Adsorption of dye showed remarkable changes on the various structural parameters including crystallite size, strain, morphology index (MI), specific surface area (SSA), dislocation density, and crystallites per unit surface area (CPSA) for both the Degussa-P25 and pure anatase TiO 2 samples analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In UV–vis-NIR spectroscopic optical studies for the dye-adsorbed samples, the overall light absorption was found to decrease for both the anatase and Degussa-P25 from UV to NIR. On the other hand, the dye-free samples were found to exhibit a lower light absorption from UV to green and beyond that level, absorption showed higher value than the dye adsorbed samples. Among the dye-free and dye-adsorbed samples, absorption depth was observed to increase more with the increasingly incident light wavelength for all the dye-adsorbed than the dye-free samples. Optical band gaps were found to decrease from 3.1 eV to 2.95 eV and 3 eV to 2.83 eV for dye-free and dye-adsorbed samples of Degussa-P25 and pure anatase, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can adsorb specific type of natural or organic dyes. Adsorption of the dye results in a change of the structural, morphological and optical characteristics of the photoanode. In this work, we present a comparative study on the adsorption effect of natural dye (Curcuma Longa sp.) on the structural, morphological and optical properties of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanode on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. A number of investigations including XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDS, and SEM were carried out to observe the variations due to adsorbed dye on TiO2 surface. XRD characterization revealed the effect of dye adsorption on specific surface area (SSA), crystallite size, and morphological index (MI). In this case, increasing SSA with decreasing particle size was found for both dye adsorbed and dye free DSSC photoanode samples. Also, the MI and SSA were found to be directly and inversely proportional to the crystallite size respectively. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy showed that dye adsorption changes the light absorption, transmittance, and optical bandgap of the photoanode. Average atomic mass percentage of titanium (Ti) and oxygen (O) obtained from EDS analysis proved the presence of TiO2 in the mesoporous photoanode. In SEM images, significant morphological changes of mesoporous TiO2 surface appeared because of dye adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) depends on several interrelated factors such as type and concentration of dye, type and thickness of photoelectrode and counter electrode. Optimized combination of these factors leads to a more efficient cell. This paper presents the effect of these parameters on cell efficiency. TiO2 nanoporous thin films of different thicknesses (5 μm to 25 μm) were fabricated on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by doctor blading method and characterized by inverted microscope, stylus surface profiler and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Natural organic dye of different concentrations, extracted from turmeric, was prepared with ethanol solvent. Different combinations of dye concentrations and film thicknesses along with different types of carbon catalyst have been investigated by I-V characterization. The result shows that the cell made of a counter electrode catalyst material prepared by candle flame carbon combined with about 15 μm thick photoelectrode and 100 mg/mL dye in ethanol solvent, achieves the highest efficiency of 0.45 %, with open circuit voltage of 566 mV and short circuit current density of 1.02 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of Degussa P25 titanium-dioxide nanopowder in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanode improves efficiency of the DSSC cell. Annealing of titanium dioxide is required for fabrication of crystalline mesoporous thin film photoanode on transparent conducting glass using doctor blade method. Different annealing temperatures provide different structural, morphological, and optical properties of the photoanode, which may influence the efficiency of the cell. In this paper, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopicanalysis have been carried out to investigate annealing temperature effect on various structural parameters, mole-fraction, phase-content, and optical bandgap of the TiO2 film photoanode. It was observed that depending on annealing temperature, theratio of polymorphs of Degussa P25 changed substantially. For the change in annealing temperature from 350 °C to 600 °C, variations occurred in crystallite size from 11.9 nm to 24.9 nm, strain from 0.006 to 0.014, specific surface area from 62.77 m2·g-1 to 125.74 m2·g-1, morphology index from 0.49 to 0.64, dislocation density from 5 × 1013 line/m2 to 8 × 1015 line/m2, crystallite per unit surface area from 2 × 1013 m-2 to 2.5 × 1014 m-2, and optical bandgap from 2.4 eV to 3.1 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton-conducting oxides are potential materials for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, hydrogen pumps, hydrogen sensors, and the tritium purification and recovery system in nuclear fusion reactors. The hydrogen concentration in oxide materials is important, but its precise measurement is difficult. In this study, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) was used to investigate hydrogen dissolution and release behavior in three zirconates, BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3-α (BZY), BaZr 0.955 Y 0.03 Co 0.015 O 3-α (BZYC), and CaZr 0.9 In 0.1 O 2.95 (CZI) in the temperature range of 673–1273 K using deuterium (D 2) (1.33 kPa) and heavy water (D 2 O) (2.8 kPa, saturated pressure at room temperature). To compare the experimental results of the D 2 and D 2 O desorption profiles derived by TDS analysis, the simulation code of the tritium migration analysis program, version 4 (TMAP4) was employed. From TDS measurement, a similar trend of temperature-dependent hydrogen solubility was obtained for all samples compared to the literature data of HT- and DTO-exposed samples using a tritium imaging plate (TIP) method. A higher amount of hydrogen was dissolved in both BZY and BZYC under D 2 O exposure at 873 K, and the highest amount was found for BZYC. In most of the cases, the hydrogen diffusivities calculated by TMAP4 were higher than the experimental values, because oxygen is not considered a diffusion species in TMAP4. [Display omitted] • H- dissolution, release, solubility, and diffusivity behavior of BZY, BZYC, & CZI were investigated using D 2 & D 2 O by TDS method. • TDS results are compared with the previously reported TIP data. • TDS results are also compared with the simulation results of TMAP4. • Hydrogen diffusivities calculated by TMAP4 were higher than the experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conductivity of BZY and BZYC was investigated in six H-atmospheres including D 2 and D 2 O. • Cobalt not only improves the sinterability but also improves the conductivity at 500–800 °C. • Isotopic dependency was confirmed both in the dry and wet hydrogen atmospheres. [Display omitted] Among various perovskite proton conducting oxides, Y-doped BaZrO 3 perovskite is a promising material for electrochemical hydrogen devices due to its good chemical stability and higher proton conductivity at higher operating temperatures like 500–800 °C. For the practical application of the functional BaZrO 3 proton conductors in electrochemical hydrogen devices like tritium purification and recovery systems in a nuclear fusion reactor (where deuterium and tritium isotopes are utilized as fuel), it's necessary to understand the isotopic effect of proton conductivity. To understand the isotopic effect of proton conductivity in the barium zirconates, in this study, the proton conductivities in the Ar, (Ar + 4% H 2), (Ar + 4% D 2), (Ar + H 2 O), (Ar + D 2 O), and O 2 atmospheres were measured for two different compositions: BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (BZY), and BaZr 0.955 Y 0.03 Co 0.015 O 2.97 (BZYC) in the temperature range from 500 °C to 1000 °C. By comparing the obtained results, a significant difference in sinterability, conductivity, and the isotopic effect was observed due to the co-doping of the Co element in the BaZr 1−x Y x O 3-α proton conductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanostructures including nanorods are currently considered pioneer research of interest worldwide due to their excellent application potentials in various applied fields including the improvement of conversion efficiency of photovoltaics solar cells (PSC). We report on the growth and morphological properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on the surface of plain zinc (non-etched and chemically etched) plates by using a simple, economical, and environment-friendly technique. We apply the hot water treatment (HWT) technique to grow the ZnO nanorods and vary the process parameters, such as temperature and the process time duration. The morphological, and elemental analysis confirms the agglomeration of multiple ZnO nanorods with its proper stoichiometry. The obtained nanostructures for different temperatures with different time duration show the variation in uniformity, density, thickness, and size of the nanorods. The ZnO nanorods produced on the etched zinc surface are found thicker and uniform as compared to those grown on the non-etched zinc surface. This chemically etched Zinc plate preparation can be an easy solution to grow ZnO nanorods with high density and uniformity suitable for the development of next-generation PSCs with higher conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the higher hydrogen solubility and diffusivity, gadolinium sesquioxide (Gd 2 O 3) could be expected as a proton conductive material. In this study, monoclinic Gd 2 O 3 was used to evaluate the possible proton conductivity in Ar (σ Ar), Ar+4% H 2 (σ H 2), Ar+4% D 2 (σ D 2), Ar+H 2 O (σ H 2 O), Ar+D 2 O (σ D 2 O), and O 2 (σ O 2) atmospheres in the temperature range from 500°C to 1000°C, to understand its possible application in the DT fuel system of a nuclear fusion reactor. At all temperatures, the conductivity σ D 2 was lower than that of the σ H 2. Similarly, the σ D 2 O was always lower than that of the σ H 2 O. The isotope dependence was appreciable at higher temperatures, indicating that Gd 2 O 3 is a proton-conductive oxide at elevated temperatures. However, much improvement is required for the use of Gd 2 O 3 in the DT fuel recovery, analysis, and purification system of fusion reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy band diagram of (a) ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au, (b) ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au configuration. J-V characteristics of (c) ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au, and (d) ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au configuration. [Display omitted] • A roadmap for improving the performance of a RP-PSC based on Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 light harvester is presented. • Mott-Schottky analysis proved that the ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au structure had a lower flatband potential compared to ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au. • Recombination lifetime of the ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au was found to be 46.7 μs compared to only 12.9 μs for the ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au. • Proposed HTL-free RP-PSCs showed a PCE of close to 10.0 % and over 11.0 % for the ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au and ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au, respectively. The exceptional environmental and structural stability of two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites has made them appealing candidates for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Besides, Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites can be synthesized using low-cost solution processing and have tunable bandgaps as compared to their conventional three-dimensional counterparts. Therefore, a Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cell has been reported in this investigation and the SCAPS program has been used to theoretically study the device performance of the proposed lead-free, environmentally friendly perovskite solar cell. A novel Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 material has been utilized as the light absorber for the first time in such a theoretical study. Two different configurations, employing WS 2 and C60 electron transport layers have been presented and device simulations have been performed to optimize the solar cell. The utilization of C60 as an electron transport material did not prove to be beneficial for the solar cell as it suffered from major recombination losses. It was also found that higher doping concentration of the electron transport materials could help these cells achieve improved fill factor. The diffusion length of the electrons and holes with respect to absorber defect density was also determined. Mott-Schottky analysis proved that the ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au structure had a lower flatband potential compared to ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au. Additionally, from the impedance spectroscopy results, the recombination lifetime of the ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au configuration was found to be 46.7 μs compared to only 12.9 μs for the ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au architecture. It was also established that if the thickness of the absorber and the bulk defect concentration were optimized the ITO/WS 2 /Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au and ITO/C60/Sr 3 Ti 2 S 7 /Au solar cells could achieve conversion efficiencies close to 11.0 % and 10.0 % respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (AI-PSCs) have garnered significant attention in the perovskite community due to their stability and efficient photogeneration and absorption capabilities. Despite the toxicity associated with all-inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskites containing lead (Pb), its presence remains crucial for achieving excellent photovoltaic properties. However, the imperative shift towards AI-PSCs using less toxic materials with suitable photovoltaic properties is imperative. The incorporation of a double perovskite absorber layer allows for broadening the absorption spectrum of PSCs and enhancing cell stability. In this study, we propose a novel AI-PSC structure with CsPbI 3 as the top absorber with a wide bandgap of 1.69 eV and a lead-free RbGeI 3 perovskite as the bottom absorber layer with a low bandgap of 1.31 eV. Utilizing numerical simulations with the SCAPS-1D simulator, we analyze the photovoltaic parameters of AI-PSCs with single and double absorber layers. Our investigations reveal that a double absorber layer structure, comprising CsPbI 3 and RbGeI 3 materials, outperforms a single-junction PSC based on CsPbI 3. By optimizing critical device parameters, we achieved an impressive efficiency of 31.91% in an AI-PSC device with a CsPbI 3 (0.6 μ m)/RbGeI 3 (2 μ m) bilayer configuration. This study positions lead-free RbGeI 3 perovskite as a promising partner for CsPbI 3 , offering a potential pathway for the development of highly efficient AI-PSCs. • A new AI-PSC was designed using a bilayer absorber with CsPbI 3 and lead-free RbGeI 3. • A holistic investigation of critical device parameters to determine optimal values. • An optimized device was achieved by incorporating optimal parameters. • With a CsPbI 3 /RbGeI s bilayer absorber, the optimized cell efficiency reached 31.91%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical parameters are necessary to determine the suitability of the chalcogenide materials for specific applications. The present study reports the physical characteristics of the multicomponent GeTe2-x(SeSb)x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) chalcogenide glasses synthesised by the melt-quench technique. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique has been used at separate heating rates β = 5, 10, 15, 20 °C / min. XRD and SEM–EDX studies have been carried out for structural and morphological analyses. The average coordination number and constraints of the compound have been calculated which indicates that the composition forms a glassy system. Lone pair electrons present in the composition have been evaluated. R parameter has a value greater than 1, indicating that the composition has sufficient chalcogen, chalcogen–chalcogen and heteropolar bonds. The overall bond energy of the compound has been calculated using the chemical bonding approach to understand the fine-structure properties of the compound. Cohesive energy has been observed to increase with composition. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of the compound have been calculated using different relations like Saad and Poulin relation, Dieztal relation, Hurby parameter (Hr) and reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) and studied theoretically to examine the thermal stability of the composition that shows that the prepared samples are suitable for data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Schockley–Quisser (SQ) limit of 28.64% is distant from the Sb2S3 solar cells' record power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is 8.00%. Such poor efficiency is mostly owing to substantial interface-induced recombination losses caused by defects at the interfaces and misaligned energy levels. The endeavor of this study is to investigate an efficient Sb2S3 solar cell structure via accurate analytical modeling. The proposed model considers different recombination mechanisms such as non-radiative recombination, Sb2S3/CdS interface recombination, Auger, SRH, tunneling-enhanced recombination, and their combined impact on solar cell performance. This model is verified against experimental work (Glass/ITO/CdS/Sb2S3/Au) where a good coincidence is achieved. Several parameters effects such as thickness, doping, electronic affinity, and bandgap are scrutinized. The effect of both bulk traps located in CdS and Sb2S3 on the electrical outputs of the solar cell is analyzed thoroughly. Besides, a deep insight into the effect of interfacial traps on solar cell figures of merits is gained through shedding light into their relation with carriers' minority lifetime, diffusion length, and surface recombination velocity. Our research findings illuminate that the primary contributors to Sb2S3 degradation are interfacial traps and series resistance. Furthermore, achieving optimal band alignment by fine-tuning the electron affinity of CdS to create a Spike-like conformation is crucial for enhancing the immunity of the device versus the interfacial traps. In our study, the optimized solar cell configuration (Glass/ITO/CdS/Sb2S3/Au) demonstrates remarkable performance, including a high short-circuit current (JSC) of 47.9 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.16 V, a fill factor (FF) of 54%, and a notable improvement in conversion efficiency by approximately 30% compared to conventional solar cells. Beyond its superior performance, the optimized Sb2S3 solar cell also exhibits enhanced reliability in mitigating interfacial traps at the CdS/Sb2S3 junction. This improved reliability can be attributed to our precise control of band alignment and the fine-tuning of influencing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper thoroughly examines lanthanum-doped lead titanate (PbLaxTi(1−0.75x)O3), a perovskite-based ceramic material, focusing on its structural properties, vibrational behavior, and radiation shielding capabilities. Using advanced techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we explore the intricate relationship between lanthanum doping levels and material properties. Additionally, we assess its radiation shielding potential through metrics. Computational approaches employing the FLUKA code help evaluate theoretical values. Our findings reveal that increasing lanthanum concentration alters crystal atom arrangement, influences vibrational patterns, and enhances radiation shielding effectiveness. Increasing lanthanum concentration resulted in a maximum 7.55% rise in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) at 0.059 MeV. The half-value layer (HVL) decreased by 4.68% at 1.33 MeV, and the mean free path (MFP) decreased by 5.78% at 1.41 MeV with increased lanthanum ratio. Moreover, the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) increased from 30.7779 to 32.67442% at 0.059 MeV as lanthanum content increased. These findings offer valuable insights into material characteristics and suggest potential applications in enhancing radiation shielding for medical and industrial purposes. This comprehensive analysis provides practical insights for potential applications, particularly in medical or industrial radiation protection. The data-driven approach here paves the way for future research at the intersection of data science and material science, advancing material design and understanding doped perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tritium (T) distributions in yttrium (Y) and cobalt (Co) doped barium-zirconates (BaZrO 3) were visualized by imaging plate (IP) technique using HT gas (T/H = 10−4, ∼1.3 kPa) under various exposure temperatures (623 to 1273 K) and exposure times (5 min to 16 h). Two types of specimens, BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3-α (BZY) and BaZr 0.955 Y 0.03 Co 0.015 O 3-α (BZYC), were prepared with conventional powder metallurgy: disk-shaped specimens were obtained with more than 97% of the theoretical densities. With IP method, uniform tritium distribution was found on the surface of both T-exposed specimens. The T distributions of the cross sections of the cut-in-half specimens were also examined with IP, which showed that more T was diffused into BZYC compared to BZY. The diffusivities of T and hydrogen solubility were determined by the T concentration profiles for the BZY and BZYC samples at different exposure conditions. Almost one order higher solubility and diffusivity for BZYC than BZY was found. It suggests that only a small amount sintering-aid cobalt doping along with yttrium may play a vital role of enhancement of electrochemical activity of the proton conducting BaZrO 3 under HT exposure condition. Image 1 • Hydrogen distributions in the Y- and Co-doped BaZrO 3 (BZY & BZYC) were visualized using tritium imaging plate. • Uniform tritium distribution was observed both surface and inside of Co containing BZYC even for short time exposures. • Tritium is somewhat hard to diffuse inside the BZY without Co even for high temperature and longtime exposures. • One order higher hydrogen (H) solubility and diffusivity were found for BZYC compared to BZY. • Low activation energy along with higher H solubility & diffusivity of BZYC makes favorable for electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer blend electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) were prepared using the solution casting method. These electrolytes were doped with varying amounts of ammonium bromide (NH 4 Br). The compatibility of NH 4 Br with PVA:NaAlg polymers was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) studies. The FTIR assessment confirmed the formation of a complex between PVA:NaAlg and the added salt, as evidenced by modifications and reductions in the intensity of FTIR bands related to functional groups. The conductivity and dielectric behavior of the samples were analyzed using AC impedance spectroscopy. The sample with 20 wt% of added salt exhibited a higher ionic conductivity of 1.661×10−5 Scm−1. Activation energy and relaxation time were estimated, and dielectric studies revealed a non-Debye nature. The conduction mechanism was best described by the correlated overlapping large polaron tunneling model (OLPT). The highest conducting sample was found to be suitable for electrochemical devices, as demonstrated by transference number (TNM), cyclic volumetric (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analyses. This high-conductivity sample can be employed in electrochemical devices such as EDLC. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve exhibited a nearly rectangular shape with non-faradaic peaks. GCD(Galvanostatic charge-discharge) analysis yielded specific capacitance, power density, and energy density values of 125.01 Fg−1 , 1037 WKg−1, and 14.06 WhKg−1 respectively. These results indicate that polymer electrolytes show great promise as electrolytes in proton-conducting electrochemical devices. [Display omitted] • Solid polymer electrolytes including PVA blend NaAlg and concentrated NH 4 Br electrolytes were synthesized. • Ionic conductivity and stability are higher in solid polymer electrolytes. • Transference number reveals the inter-ion interactions that explain the high proton transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organic p -Hydroxyacetanilide (PHA) crystal was grown using the slow evaporation technique. The PHA crystal crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P2 1/a. The functional groups in the crystal were identified using Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The crystallization quality of the PHA crystal was investigated using the high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique. In addition, the linear optical properties of the crystal were discerned using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. Maximum absorption in the ultraviolet region and low absorbance in the visible region were observed for the crystal. The cut-off wavelength for the crystal was observed at 318 nm, which substantiated its utilization for optoelectronic device applications. The refractive index of the crystal was determined to be 1.53. Further, the crystal was excited at 300 nm and emission spectra were recorded using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Violet fluorescence peak was observed at 330 nm. Laser damage threshold (LDT) analysis was performed to identify the limit of performance of the crystal. The LDT value for the PHA crystal was calculated to be 23.7 GW/cm2, which is higher than those of standard nonlinear optical materials. The third-order NLO properties of PHA crystal were investigated using the Z-scan technique. The optical nonlinear susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index values of the crystal were 2.846 × 10−4 esu, and 5.250 × 10−7, respectively. The results of this study corroborate the applications of the crystal in optoelectronics field. [Display omitted] • Organic p -Hydroxyacetanilide (PHA) is grown by slow evaporation method • HRXRD confirms the presence of interstitial defects in the crystal • Laser damage threshold value is calculated to be 23.7 GW/cm2 • The third order optical nonlinear susceptibility (χ3) is 2.846 × 10−4 esu [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the magnetoelectric coupling effect in dual‐phase multiferroic composites prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The composites were fabricated with the formula (1−x)Ba₀.₇₇Ca₀.₂₃TiO₃(BCT) + xNi₀.₆Zn₀.₂₅La₀.₁₅Fe₂O₄(NZLFO), where x varied from 0% to 100% in 10% increments. Ca‐doped BaTiO₃ served as the ferroelectric phase, while La‐doped Ni–Zn ferrite acted as the ferromagnetic phase. The effects of varying ferrite content (x) on structural, optical, ferroelectric, electrical, and magnetoelectric properties were comprehensively analyzed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement revealed a spinel cubic structure for the ferrite phases and a tetragonal structure for the perovskite phases. The study observed a moderate influence of ferrite concentration on the lattice parameters of BCT and an opposing effect on the lattice parameters of NZLFO. Optical measurements indicated higher light absorption in the visible range compared to the UV region and wide optical bandgap. Magnetic properties, characterized by saturation magnetization, exhibited a dependence on temperature, with a Curie temperature (Tc) of 700 K. Electrical resistivity displayed a maximum at x = 50% and remained constant at high frequencies. The study also confirmed the presence of electric polarization induced by a magnetic field, with the highest magnetoelectric coefficient observed at x = 10%. These findings demonstrate the successful fabrication of dual‐phase multiferroic composites with tunable properties through controlled ferrite content. The observed magnetoelectric coupling suggests potential applications in multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, an ultra-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor is developed. The device is composed of a CaF2-prism, silver, silicon nitride, nickel, and black phosphorus have been deposited. The setup is grounded in the Kretschmann configuration and theoretically analyzed by means of transfer matrix method and Fresnel equations. For selective diagnosis of liver tissue and its mutation in terms of variation in RI, the biosensor provides an ultrahigh angular sensitivity of 383.62°/RIU for MET tissue and 403.92°/RIU for HCC tissue. The optimization of angular sensitivity and other sensor parameters in terms of thickness and number of layers has also been utilized. To validate the reflectance curve, electric field intensity enhancement factor and phase interrogation have also been conducted. The acquired results state that the proposed biosensor yields an enhanced sensitivity when compared to other reported results. Due to its advantage of fast, accurate and early-stage detection of liver mutations with a very small number of samples, this report may expedite a sensing device for commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper iodide (CuI) thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by a facile high pressure (HP)‐PECVD method at room temperature. For this, CuI powder was dissolved in CH3CN. The CuI vapor with plasma was investigated by Optical Emission Spectroscopic (OES) data for identifying the species in the plasma. The XRD study reveals the polycrystalline nature of the films. The SEM analyses indicate the homogeneity of the films. The EDS mapping confirms that the thin films mostly consisted of carbon followed by nitrogen, copper and iodine, respectively. The band gaps of CuI thin films were in the range of ~2.71–3.14 eV. The high transmittance and band gap engineering in HP‐PECVD‐synthesized CuI thin films indicates their potential use as window and hole transport layers in low cost solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outstanding structural, electronic, and optical properties of inorganic perovskite materials have gained significant attention in the field of solar technology in recent times. This particular Perovskite demonstrates exceptional optoelectronic properties, such as strong light absorption, extended carrier diffusion distances, and efficient charge transfer. Sr3NCl3 is a material that belongs to the family of inorganic metal halide perovskites and possesses a cubic perovskite crystal structure, which is classified under the space group Pm-3m (No. 221). This study extensively examined the impact of biaxial compressive and tensile strain on the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the inorganic cubic perovskite Sr3NCl3 using density functional theory (DFT) based on first-principles calculations. The unstrained planar Sr3NCl3 molecule exhibits a direct bandgap of 1.252 eV at the Γ point. However, when accounting for the relativistic spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effect in the calculations, the bandgap of the Sr3NCl3 perovskite is reduced to 1.247 eV. When subjected to compressive strain, the bandgap of all structures decreases, but under tensile strain, it increases. The properties of this material, such as its dielectric function, absorption coefficient, and electron loss function, indicate that it can strongly absorb visible light because of its band properties. Moreover, the photon energy spectrum shows a redshift (blueshift) in the absorption coefficient and dielectric function with increasing compressive (tensile) strain. Consequently, investigating the strain-dependent optical and electronic properties of Sr3NCl3 in this study could provide valuable insights into its potential applications in optoelectronics and solar cell design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, inorganic perovskite materials have been attracting increasing attention owing to their exceptional structural, electronic, and optical characteristics in photovoltaic technology. Ca3AsI3 is a semiconductor material that shares similarities with the group of inorganic metal halide perovskites. Ca3AsI3 possesses a perovskite crystal structure that is cubic, which is classified under the space group Pm-3m (no. 221). Our research aims to analyze how the optical and electronic properties of Ca3AsI3 are influenced by spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and strain using the first-principles density-functional theory. The inorganic Ca3AsI3 perovskite has an electronic band structure that possesses a direct bandgap of roughly 1.58 eV at the Γ(gamma)-point. However, when the SOC relativistic effect is introduced, this value decreases to around 1.27 eV. As the level of compressive strain is increased, the bandgap becomes narrower, whereas with increasing tensile strain, the bandgap becomes wider. It has been observed through analysis of the dielectric functions, absorption coefficient, and electron loss function of these materials that the optical properties give Ca3AsI3 the ability to effectively absorb visible light. According to the study, the dielectric constant peaks of Ca3AsI3 shift toward a lower photon energy (redshift) as the level of compressive strain increases. On the other hand, when subjected to increased tensile strain, these peaks have a tendency to shift toward a higher photon energy (blueshift), as per the same study. Modifying the energy gap of Ca3AsI3 perovskites to suit optoelectronic and solar cell needs could be achieved by using techniques involving the SOC effect and by applying strain. These approaches have the potential to enable utilization of Ca3AsI3 in such applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment of cost-effective and durable structures is essential for the successful commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Identifying a viable substitute for hole-selective materials (HSMs), which represent a significant expense in the production of PSCs, could provide a number of benefits. Carbon nanotube-based PSCs have shown promising potential as an alternative to conventional PSCs due to their unique properties such as excellent stability behavior to be potential for commercialization to produce green energy for human industries. One of the most crucial disadvantages of carbon derivatives as HSMs in CPSCs is their low hole mobility, which in the current study has been targeted. In the current study, to increase the efficiency of CPSCs, net carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were doped with nonmetallic fluorine via a facile synthesis method. It was found that introducing fluorine-doped CNTs (F-CNTs) as HSM for MAPbI3 perovskite could reach up to an efficiency of 15.29%, higher than the efficiency of 13.70% in devices with a net CNT layer. By doping CNTs with fluorine, the charge-transfer resistance and series resistance are reduced, resulting in lower charge recombination at the perovskite/CNT interface Also, the CPSCs with F-CNT film were more stable in ambient air because the F-CNTs covered more of the perovskite layer. The future trend of CNT-based PSCs is expected to focus on improving their performance, and exploring their potential for various optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to recent reports, planar structure-based organometallic perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE), making them very competitive with the more traditional silicon photovoltaics. A complete understanding of OPSCs and their individual parts is still necessary for further enhancement in PCE. In this work, indium sulfide (In2S3)-based planar heterojunction OPSCs were proposed and simulated with the SCAPS (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator)-1D programme. Initially, OPSC performance was calibrated with the experimentally fabricated architecture (FTO/In2S3/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) to evaluate the optimum parameters of each layer. The numerical calculations showed a significant dependence of PCE on the thickness and defect density of the MAPbI3 absorber material. The results showed that as the perovskite layer thickness increased, the PCE improved gradually but subsequently reached a maximum at thicknesses greater than 500 nm. Moreover, parameters involving the series resistance as well as the shunt resistance were recognized to affect the performance of the OPSC. Most importantly, a champion PCE of over 20% was yielded under the optimistic simulation conditions. Overall, the OPSC performed better between 20 and 30 °C, and its efficiency rapidly decreases above that temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have exhibited greater performance than the ones utilizing cadmium telluride (CdTe) or hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) as the absorber. CIGS-based devices are more efficient, considering their device performance, environmentally benign nature, and reduced cost. In this article, we proposed a potential CIGS-absorber-based solar cell with an FTO/ZnSe/CIGS/V2O5/Cu heterostructure, with a V2O5 back-surface field (BSF) layer, SnO2:F (FTO) window layer, and ZnSe buffer layer. Using the solar cell capacitance simulator one-dimensional simulation software, the effects of the presence of the BSF layer, the thickness, bulk defect density, and acceptor density of the absorber layer, buffer layer thickness, interfacial defect density, device resistance, and operating temperature on the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and efficiency, as well as on the quantum efficiency and recombination and generation rate, of the device have been explored in detail. The simulation results revealed that only a 1 μm-thick-CIGS absorber layer with V2O5 BSF and ZnSe buffer layers in this structure offers an outstanding efficiency of 31.86% with a VOC of ∼0.9 V. Thus, these outcomes of the CIGS-based proposed heterostructure provide an insightful pathway for fabricating high-efficiency solar cells with performance more promising than the previously reported conventional designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic CdTe and FeSi2-based solar cells have recently drawn a lot of attention because they offer superior thermal stability and good optoelectronic properties compared to conventional solar cells. In this work, a unique alternative technique is presented by using FeSi2 as a secondary absorber layer and In2S3 as the window layer for improving photovoltaic performance parameters. Simulating on SCAPS-1D, the proposed double-absorber (Cu/FTO/In2S3/CdTe/FeSi2/Ni) structure is thoroughly examined and analyzed. The window layer thickness, absorber layer thickness, acceptor density (NA), donor density (ND), defect density (Nt), series resistance (RS), and shunt resistance (Rsh) were simulated in detail for optimization of the above configuration to improve the PV performance. According to this study, 0.5 µm is the optimized thickness for both the CdTe and FeSi2 absorber layers in order to maximize the efficiency (η). Here, the value of the optimum window layer thickness is 50 nm. For using CdTe as a single absorber, η is achieved by 13.26%. However, for using CdTe and FeSi2 as a dual absorber, η is enhanced and the obtaining value is 27.35%. The other parameters are also improved and the resultant value for the fill factor is 83.68%, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.6566 V, and the short circuit current density (Jsc) is 49.78 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the proposed model performs well at 300 K operating temperature. The addition of the FeSi2 layer to the cell structure has resulted in a significant quantum efficiency enhancement because of the rise in solar spectrum absorption at longer wavelengths (λ). The findings of this work offer a promising approach for producing high-performance and reasonably priced CdTe-based solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotubes are an exceptional class of materials whose unusual properties depend on geometry and composition. In this work, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of aluminum nitride nanotube doped with boron in concentrations of 4.2 %, 8.3 %, and 12.5 % respectively. Analysis was done by considering the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the considered nanotubes using density functional theory implemented in quantum ESPRESSO and Yambo codes. Simulations revealed that doped aluminum nitride nanotube whose nitrogen atoms were replaced turned to metallic while doped aluminum nitride nanotube whose aluminum atoms were replaced retained its semiconducting characteristics showing various band gaps with different concentrations of dopants. Optical absorption behaviors revealed that 8.3 % B-doped aluminum nitride nanotube made better utilization of visible light than others and hence can be used as a candidate for dye degradation and wastewater treatment, solar cell, LED, and LASER. In the end, all the doped nanotubes were found to be worthy for various fields of science and technology. • DFT approach was used to study the optoelectronic properties of AlNNT under boron doping. • SWAlNNT was found to be stable with 4.2 %, 8.3 %, and 12.5 % separate doping of B atoms. • The 8.3 % systems demonstrated better utilization of visible light. • B-doped AlNNT was found to be worthy for LED, LASER and photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver Oxide nanoparticles (AgONPs) have been revealed to have many applications, including antibacterial behavior. However, the conventional methods for synthesizing AgO NPs often use toxic chemicals that may be detrimental to human health and environmental factors. The crystalline structure and size of obtained AgO NPs were confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis with 35–70 nm. Functional groups have been identified in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The result of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the elements in the synthesized AgO NPs. The energy band gap is determined using UV–visible spectroscopy. Morphological examination of prepared AgO NPs, comprising spherical and rod-like structures, was performed using a Transmission, and scanning electron microscope. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) bacteria from Agar Well Diffusion Method. The results show that the green synthesis of AgO NPs have better antibacterial activity. The inhibition zone diameter were observedfor all microorganisms. The green synthesis of AgO NPs from herbal plant leaf extracts is a promising method for developing safe and effective antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the perovskite tandem solar cell (TP SC) has been accomplished using SCAPS-1D. The present study focuses on comprehensive exploration and detailed optimization using various strategies constructing a tandem device. To calculate high photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE), the numerical analysis has been carried out for a wide-bandgap halide (W BH) FA 0.75 Cs 0 · 25 Pb(I 0 · 8 Br 0.2) 3 of bandgap 1.67eV and a Pb–Sn based narrow-bandgap halide (N BH) FA 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0 · 5 Sn 0 · 5 I 3 of bandgap 1.22eV as absorber layer in top-cell (T CELL) and bottom-cell (B CELL) respectively. The W BH has huge potential as a front light absorber and the N BH based B CELL provides stability and high performance by accepting high and low energy photons respectively. This method mitigates thermalization and non-absorbed photon loss which results in the growth in PCE. The proposed work demonstrates the impact of active-layer thickness along with defect density on the solar-cell parameters. It has been observed that defect density is low for the optimal performance. An investigation for various electron transport medium (ETMs) and hole transport medium (HTMs) has been done to secure an optimum performing T CELL as well as B CELL. Using filtered-spectrum study along with current-matching method, every PV metric parameter has been analyzed after their deployment into tandem configuration. The numerical investigation has shown promising photovoltaic parameters with aa high open circuit voltage (V OC) of 2.33 V, a short circuit current density (J SC) of 17.07 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 79.34 % and PCE of 31.55 % in tandem configuration. • Perovskite tandem solar cell (TP SC) has been accomplished using SCAPS-1D. • Wide-bandgap halide (W BH) FA 0.75 Cs 0 · 25 Pb(I 0 · 8 Br 0.2) 3 of bandgap 1.67eV and a Pb–Sn based narrow-bandgap halide (N BH) FA 0.7 MA 0.3 Pb 0 · 5 Sn 0 · 5 I 3 of bandgap 1.22eV as absorber layer in T CELL and B CELL respectively have been studied. • Open circuit voltage (V OC) of 2.33 V, a short circuit current density (J SC) of 17.07 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 79.34 % and PCE of 31.55 % in tandem configuration. • Using filtered-spectrum study along with current-matching method, every PV metric parameter has been analyzed after their deployment into tandem configuration. • The proposed work demonstrates the impact of active-layer thickness along with defect density on the solar-cell parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based nanocomposites (NCs) attracted much attention in heterogeneous catalysis to remove organic dyes. Herein, a novel low-cost green approach was utilized to design a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) impregnated with Sn or Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using ginger extract as a green reducing agent. The synthesized NCs were characterized utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized NCs were assessed for their catalytic reduction activity towards methylene blue (MB) dye. XRD displayed the characteristic peaks of Sn- and Ag-NPs and the reduction of GO, referring to successful NC formation. FTIR and Raman confirmed the reduction of GO and the incorporation of Sn and Ag-NPs into the GO surfaces. TEM results proved that either Sn- or Ag-NPs was uniformly dispersed on rGO sheets with average sizes of 4.129 and 7.293 nm, respectively. EDX spectra of Sn@rGO- and Ag@rGO-NCs revealed the presence of C, O, Sn, and Ag. TGA confirmed the increased thermal stability of the NCs as compared to GO. Ag@rGO-NC exhibited stronger catalytic MB reduction (97% after 10 min) than Sn@rGO-NC (80% after 20 min). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time Sn@rGO-NC has been designed for MB catalytic reduction, which gives rise to its promising capacity for future catalytic applications. • Sn@rGO and Ag@Rgo novel green composites were produced. • The efficiency of the catalytic dye reduction of the produced composites was estimated. • The reduction efficiency of 80% within 20 min for Sn@rGO-NC was observed. • The reduction efficiency of 97% within 10 min for Ag@rGO-NC was observed. • Chemical stability and high efficiency make it as candidates for the reduction of organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Monocrystals of solid solutions Mn x Fe 1-x In 2 S 4 were fabricated via Bridgman method. • Comparative analysis of the chemical composition, crystal structure and thermal properties was carried out. • An analytical expression for describing the thermal conductivity dependence of solid solutions Mn x Fe 1-x In 2 S 4 is presented. Polycrystals of solid solutions Mn x Fe 1−x In 2 S 4 were prepared by the two-temperature method. The degrees of phase transformations were defined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and a phase diagram of the MnIn 2 S 4 –FeIn 2 S 4 system was obtained. The phase diagram is described by a narrow crystallization interval and classified as type I according to the Roozeboom classification. Single crystals of solid solutions Mn x Fe 1−x In 2 S 4 were grown by vertical gradient freeze method of synthesized polycrystals. The elemental composition of the obtained samples was in good agreement with the calculated composition. The structure was defined by XRD. Prepared samples had a cubic structure, and the parameters of the elementary cell were calculated by the method of least squares. The thermal linear expansion coefficient was investigated in the temperature range T = 80–550 K. Based on the obtained data, the values of the Debye temperature and the root-mean-square atomic shifts were determined, and their concentration dependencies are presented. The thermal conductivity was studied using the absolute method in the temperature range T = 300–550 K. The form of the concentration dependence, the contribution of the lattice and electronic components, and an analytical dependence of the thermal conductivity for the entire range of solid solution were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes the theoretical investigation performed on the device having structure FTO/TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PeDAMAPb 4 I 16 /Spiro- OMeTAD. This work is focused on the effects of ETLs and HTLs on the performance of the device structure. Device simulation and various parameters of the perovskite cell are investigated with the help of SCAPS-1D software. In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have passed through many advancements but they suffered through instability due to moisture. Due to poor stability of PSCs becomes a major obstacle for its commercialization. This leads to the development of 2D perovskite manufactured from organic cations and inorganic slabs arranged alternately.2D perovskite is of two kinds: Ruddlesden - Popper (RP) phase and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase. Both types of 2D perovskite are observed to be much more stable than 3Dperovskite. Due to its stability, it becomes an alternative for 3D perovskite. To improve the stability and efficiency of 2D perovskite both types of 2D phases are merged. To have more stability organic cations are introduced between inorganic slabs which reduces charge transportation. Proposed DJ 2D-3D perovskite solar cells provide an impressive efficiency of 26.03 % even when exposed to much temperature and moisture. Being much more efficient and stable the 2D-DJ/3D perovskite becomes an option to be utilized in photovoltaic applications. • This paper includes theoretical investigation having device structure FTO/TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PeDAMAPb 4 I 16 /Spiro- OMeTAD. • To improve the stability and efficiency of 2D perovskite both types of 2D phases are merged. • To have more stability organic cations are introduced between inorganic slabs which reduces charge transportation. • Proposed DJ 2D-3D perovskite solar cells provide an impressive efficiency of 26.03 % in more temperature and moisture also. • Being much more efficient and stable the 2D-DJ/3D perovskite becomes an option to be utilized in photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]