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Background: Pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep is an important economical disease in Bangladesh where Pasteurella multocida killed vaccine is prescribed as a preventive measure. Objective: The present research was conducted in 20 non-descript native sheep to estimate antibody titre in response to haemorrhagic septicaemia oil adjuvant vaccine by Pasteurella multocida Indirect Antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Methodology: This animal study was performed during January to March 2024 at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty non-descript native female lamb born to non-immunized mother aged 3 to 4 months was acclimatized for on station experiment. The blood was collected at up to 63 days with seven days’ interval post vaccination. The vaccine seed molecularly identified for capsular sero-grouping by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: The seed bacterium was Pasteurella multocida capsular serotype B. The vaccine generated statistically significant (p<0.05) increased level of antibody titer compared to control group from day 14 that peaked at 42 days and starts to decline after 49 days and onwards. The mean ± standard deviation of antibody titre of treatment group was 1.79±0.33. In Levene teat, there was no variance equality in the samples was found. Conclusion: The oil adjuvant Hemorrhagic Septicemia vaccine produced by Livestock Research Institute; Bangladesh contained killed Pasteurella multocida capsular serogroup B. It was found to generate statistically significant antibody response in vaccinated sheep that started to rise from day 14 and peaked at 42 days. After 49 days, it started its declining trend up to the study period (69 days). Investigation of the field isolates and their subsequent immunoinformatic study could generate better knowledge in designing more effective vaccine candidate that would give durable protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims at investigating the antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis (common name: Green tea) and Azadirachta indica (common name: Neem) leaves on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were processed and extracted by 99% ethanol and reconstituted with 50% ethanol before testing. Disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to determine zone diameter of inhibition (ZDI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively. Nutrient agar plate was used to estimate the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Maximum ZDI value was observed for green tea against MRSA (7.5 mm) and minimum for neem (4.9 mm). Moreover, the highest ZDI against STEC was also for green tea and the combination of green tea and neem (4.5 mm). The MIC values of green tea extract were 15.625 and 31.25 mg/ml against MRSA and STEC, respectively, whereas the MIC of neem was 31.25 and 125 mg/ml, respectively. The combination had similar MIC (46.87 mg/ml) against both organisms. Green tea showed the lowest MBC values, 31.25 and 62.5 mg/ml, against MRSA and STEC, respectively. However, MBC of neem and the combination against MRSA and STEC were found >250 mg/ml, >500 mg/ml and 93.75 mg/ml, >375 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Green tea and neem leaves showed good antimicrobial effects and can be used to explore novel antimicrobial compounds against MRSA and STEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]