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Negar Hassani Besheli,1 Juul Verbakel,1 Maryam Hosseini,1 Lea Andrée,1 Ben Joosten,2 X Frank Walboomers,1 Alessandra Cambi,2 Fang Yang,1 Sander CG Leeuwenburgh1 1Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 2Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsCorrespondence: Sander CG Leeuwenburgh, Tel +31 6 15 40 9006, Fax +31 2 43 61 4657, Email sander.leeuwenburgh@radboudumc.nlIntroduction: There has recently been a surge of interest in mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) as multi-functional nanocarriers for application in bone-reconstructive and -regenerative surgery. Their excellent control over their structural and physicochemical properties renders these nanoparticles suitable for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents to combat degenerative bone diseases, such as bone infection, or bone cancer. Generally, the therapeutic efficacy of nanocarriers strongly depends on the efficacy of their cellular uptake, which is determined by numerous factors including cellular features and the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers, particularly surface charge. In this study, we have systematically investigated the effect of the surface charge of MBGNs doped with copper as a model therapeutic agent on cellular uptake by both macrophages and pre-osteoblast cells involved in bone healing and bone infections to guide the future design of MBGN-based nanocarriers.Methods: Cu-MBGNs with negative, neutral, and positive surface charges were synthesized and their cellular uptake efficiency was assessed. Additionally, the intracellular fate of internalized nanoparticles along with their ability to deliver therapeutic cargo was studied in detail.Results: The results showed that both cell types internalized Cu-MBGNs regardless of their surface charge, indicating that cellular uptake of nanoparticles is a complex process influenced by multiple factors. This similarity in cellular uptake was attributed to the formation of a protein corona surrounding the nanoparticles when exposed to protein-rich biological media, which masks the original nanoparticle surface. Once internalized, the nanoparticles were found to mainly colocalize with lysosomes, exposing them to a more compartmentalized and acidic environment. Furthermore, we verified that Cu-MBGNs released their ionic components (Si, Ca, and Cu ions) in both acidic and neutral environments, leading to the delivery of these therapeutic cargos intracellularly.Conclusion: The effective internalization of Cu-MBGNs and their ability to deliver cargos intracellularly highlight their potential as intracellular delivery nanocarriers for bone-regenerative and -healing applications.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: intracellular delivery, nanocarrier, bioactive glass, copper, surface charge

Saeed Mohammadi Nasr,1 Navid Rabiee,2 Sakineh Hajebi,3,4 Sepideh Ahmadi,5 Yousef Fatahi,6– 8 Masoumehossadat Hosseini,9,10 Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,2 Amir Mohammad Ghadiri,2 Mohammad Rabiee,11 Vahid Jajarmi,12,13 Thomas J Webster14 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran; 2Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 3Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran; 4Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran; 5Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 7Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 8Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; 9Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; 10Soroush Mana Pharmed, Pharmaceutical Holding, Golrang Industrial Group, Tehran, Iran; 11Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 12Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 13Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 14Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United StatesCorrespondence: Thomas J Webster Email th.webster@neu.eduAbstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of heart failure and death in the world, and the transplantation of the heart is an effective and viable choice for treatment despite presenting many disadvantages (most notably, transplant heart availability). To overcome this problem, cardiac tissue engineering is considered a promising approach by using implantable artificial blood vessels, injectable gels, and cardiac patches (to name a few) made from biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers are classified into two main categories: natural and synthetic polymers. Natural biodegradable polymers have some distinct advantages such as biodegradability, abundant availability, and renewability but have some significant drawbacks such as rapid degradation, insufficient electrical conductivity, immunological reaction, and poor mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering. Synthetic biodegradable polymers have some advantages such as strong mechanical properties, controlled structure, great processing flexibility, and usually no immunological concerns; however, they have some drawbacks such as a lack of cell attachment and possible low biocompatibility. Some applications have combined the best of both and exciting new natural/synthetic composites have been utilized. Recently, the use of nanostructured polymers and polymer nanocomposites has revolutionized the field of cardiac tissue engineering due to their enhanced mechanical, electrical, and surface properties promoting tissue growth. In this review, recent research on the use of biodegradable natural/synthetic nanocomposite polymers in cardiac tissue engineering is presented with forward looking thoughts provided for what is needed for the field to mature.Keywords: biodegradable polymer, tissue engineering, cardiac cell, composite, natural, synthetic

Asma Mahmoudi,1 Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei,2,3 Mohammad Yahya Hanafi-Bojd,4,5 Mojtaba Toloei,6 Mehran Hosseini,6 Malihe Nikandish7 1Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 3Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 4Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; 5Department of Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; 6Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; 7Ophthalmology Department, Valiasr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranCorrespondence: Malihe NikandishOphthalmology Department, Valiasr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box:9717853577, Birjand, IranTel +9856 32395000Fax +9856 32430076Email malihenikandish@yahoo.comAim: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug with higher potency compared to cyclosporine A (as a useful immunosuppressant). We prepared an ophthalmic solution formulation of Tacrolimus using hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP-ßCD). In the present study, safety of this formulation was investigated in rabbits.Materials and Methods: Formulation containing HP-ßCD, Tacrolimus, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Benzalkonium Chloride in PBS 7.4 was prepared. Tacrolimus concentration in ophthalmic preparation was 0.05% w/v. Ten male New Zealand white rabbits were housed in clean separated cages. One drop of Tacrolimus prepared formulation and a placebo formulation were applied every 12 hrs in the right and left eyes respectively, for 28 days.Results: This new aqueous formulation of Tacrolimus could improve Tacrolimus solubility about 42 times. Clinical examinations on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days of study showed transient redness and conjunctivitis in some cases of both control and intervention groups that was not persistent. At the end of the study, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in corneal epithelial defect, redness or pathological evaluations.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that eye drop formulation of CD-Tacrolimus is safe in preliminary evaluations and can be useful for further studies.Keywords: Tacrolimus, hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP-BCD), animal study, ocular administration, safety

Mohaddeseh Azadvari, 1 Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, 1 Amir Reza Azimi, 1 Farzaneh Sharifiaghdas, 2 Seyede Zahra Emami Razavi, 1 Sharareh Eskandarieh, 1 Maryam Hosseini, 1 Shahram Rahimi-Dehgolan, 1 Mohammad Ali Sahraian 1 1Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. of Iran; 2Urology Department, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Urology Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science(SBMU), Tehran, I. R. of IranCorrespondence: Seyede Zahra Emami Razavi Tel +98 2161192291Fax +98 21 66581604Email zemamirazavi@gmail.comPurpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most neurologic disease among individuals of 20– 45 years. About 75% of MS patients report bladder problems that have a moderate-high impact on their life. The present study aimed to translate and determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of ABSST questionnaire.Methods: The standard validation process for preparing the Persian version of ABSST was performed by means of an expert committee. After a pilot study and confirming the harmonized translated form, we tested the final version of questionnaire on 40 patients with a definite diagnosis of MS symptoms, once at the baseline and another after two weeks in order to prevent recall-induced agreement. Test-retest reliability was calculated as Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Also, content validity indices (CVIs), as well as internal consistency were analyzed in STATA.Results: Forty participants with a mean age of 38.8 years were included in this study. Only 20% of them were male. The Persian version achieved a good internal consistency with a Cronbach-α value of 0.91, relatively similar to the original version. The coefficients for measuring the correlation between each item score with the total score of our questionnaire were between 0.58– 0.89. This value confirmed an appropriate validity for the Persian version of ABSST. Regarding test-retest reliability assessment, total Spearman`s coefficient was 0.85; with 0.84 for the severity of symptoms and 0.87 for the impact of urologic disorders on patients` social life.Conclusion: The current findings proved that this accurate questionnaire could be used to investigate urinary symptoms among Persian-speaking MS patients.Keywords: reliability studies, reliability, questionnaires, urinary symptoms, multiple sclerosis

Objectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense enzymes in the heart and aorta of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. Methods. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: Group 1 (Euthyroid) received tap water, Group 2 (Hypothyroid) received 0.05 % of PTU in dissolved in their drinking water, Group 3 (PTU+Vit E) hypothyroid rats treated with vitamin E, and Group 4 (Euthyroid+Vit E). Vitamin E was injected daily (20 mg/kg) to groups 3 and 4 via daily gavage for 6 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total thiol levels, and the activities of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in the aortic and cardiac tissues. Results. A significant decrease of thyroxine (T4) serum levels confirmed hypothyroidism in rats, which received PTU. The MDA level increased and total thiol level decreased in the hypothyroid group compared to control group (p

Background: The assessment of RBE quantity in the treatment of cancer tumors with proton beams in treatment planning systems (TPS) is of high significance. Given the significance of the issue and the studies conducted in the literature, this quantity is fixed and is taken as equal to 1.1. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess RBE quantity of proton beams and their variations in different depths of the tumor. This dependency makes RBE values used in TPS no longer be fixed as they depend on the depth of the tumor and therefore this dependency causes some changes in the physical dose profile. Materials and Methods: The energy spectrum of protons was measured at various depths of the tumor using proton beam simulations and well as the complete simulation of a cell to a pair of DNA bases through Monte Carlo GEANT4. The resulting energy spectrum was used to estimate the number of double-strand breaks generated in cells. Finally, RBE values were calculated in terms of the penetration depth in the tumor. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results show that the RBE value not fixed terms of the depth of the tumor and it differs from the clinical value of 1.1 at the end of the dose profile and this will lead to a non-uniform absorbed dose profile. Therefore, to create a uniform impact dose area, deep-finishing systems need to be designed by taking into account deep RBE values.

Objective. We investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (NS) on renal tissue oxidative damage associated with propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism during neonatal and juvenile growth in rats.

Background and Objective: Diabetes meltius is a metabolic disorder which characterized with disorder in carbohytdrate and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of turnip root (Brassica rapa) on glucose and lipid Profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study 40 male wistar rats randomly allocated into 5 equal groups including diabetic control, Metformine 50mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg/bw of aqueus extract of turnip root and normal control groups. Alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/kg/bw was used to induce diabetes mellitus and two weeks after Alloxan injection rats with fasting blood sugar (FBS) more than 350mg/dl considered as diabetic rats. All administrations were done orally and daily in a same volume for 28 consecutive days. The FBS concentrations were determined on the first, 14th and 29th days. On 29th day, blood was collected from overnight fasted rats. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), aspartate amino transfarase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities were measured. Results: The statistical data indicated (P

Background and Objective: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurologic disorder that results following degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of substintia nigra (SNc). The 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine (MPTP) is a chemical neurotoxin that widely used in animal models of PD. This study was carried out to evaluate the numerical density of dark neurons (DNs) in the SNc in mice subjected to intraperitoneal and intranasal injection of different doses of MPTP. Methods: In this experimental study, 90 male adult BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four experimental groups including: group 1 (MPTP was injected via i.p. at the dose of 20mg/kg per 2 hours for 4 times), group 2 (MPTP was injected via i.p. at the dose of 30mg/kg for 5 consecutive days), group 3 (MPTP was injected via i.n. at a single dose of 1mg/kg), group 4 (MPTP was injected via i.n. at a single dose of 1mg/kg), four sham and one normal groups. 20 days after the final injection, the animal's brain were removed and stained by toluidine blue. Numerical density of DNs was counted. Results: Intranasal injection of MPTP significantly increased density of dark neurons in the pars compacta of substintia nigra in compare to intraperitoneally injection of MPTP (P

Background: Airport workers are continuously exposed to different levels of radiofrequency microwave (RF/MW) radiation emitted by radar equipments. Radars are extensively used in military and aviation industries. Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and MRI. The main goal of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure of Shahid Dastghieb international airport workers to radiofrequency radiation affects their short term memory and reaction time. Methods: Thirty two airport workers involved in duties at control and approach tower (21 males and 11 females), with the age range of 27-67 years old (mean age of 37.38), participated voluntary in this study. On the other hand, 29 workers (13 males, and 16 females) whose offices were in the city with no exposure history to radar systems were also participated in this study as the control group. The employees’ reaction time and short term memory were analyzed using a standard visual reaction time (VRT) test software and the modified Wechsler memory scale test, respectively. Results: The mean± SD values for the reaction times of the airport employees (N=32) and the control group (N=29) were 0.45±0.12 sec and 0.46±0.17 sec, respectively. Moreover, in the four subset tests; i.e. paired words, forward digit span, backward digit span and word recognition, the following points were obtained for the airport employees and the control group, respectively: (i) pair words test: 28.00±13.13 and 32.07±11.65, (ii) forward digit span: 8.38±1.40 and 9.03±1.32, (iii) backward digit span: 5.54±1.87 and 6.31±1.46, and (iv) word recognition: 5.73±2.36 and 6.50±1.93. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The occupational exposure of the employees to the RF radiation in Shahid Dastghieb international airport does not have any significant detrimental effect on their reaction time as well as short term memory.

Background: Focusing on making opportunities to participate of patients in all levels of health care system is important in order to develop of system capability that could make improving of patients’ safety and quality of care services. The aim of this study was to determine inpatient perceptions in general hospitals of Tehran medical university regarding patient participate in treatment decisions and safety. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 1390. First, the list of eight general hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of medical sciences and all clinical wards were obtained through the university website. Then, stratified random sampling method applied to collect 300 patients as a sample size. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire that validity and reliability were accepted. Descriptive statistical methods, linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze. Results: From total of 300 patients, 60% of them were female. The level of participating by patients in cure decision making were at high level (59.7%) and 27% in low level. The range of patients’ safety was at high (60%) and low (26%). The level of participate in decision making of cure process had high rate among young people and employed participants. The patients who were unmarried, educated, and employed had lower score in patients’ safety. The participants’ perception had no effect on the patients’ safety perceptions. Conclusion: The symptoms that might be interpreted as an abnormal could be interpreted in different ways by the others. These unusual results could come from dissimilarities in demographic features

Background: Nocardiosis is a rare and potentially life-threatening infection caused by several species of the Nocardia genus. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid and new method to clinically identify relevant Nocardia species. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Nocardia species is essential for the treatment of severe infections and prevention of cerebral abscess. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients, 103 (57.22%) male and 77 (42.78%) female, with severe symptomatic pulmonary infection were studied in the course of a 12-month period in Dr. Shariati Teaching Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010. The specimens were cultured and identified using microbiological and biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to directly identify the organism in the broncoalveolar lavage samples collected from the patients. NG1 and NG2 primers were used to amplify a Nocardia genus-specific 598-bp fragment of 16S rRNA.Results: Nineteen samples (10.56%) were positive with PCR and 5 samples (2.78%) with conventional methods. All samples with positive cultures were also positive by PCR.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that PCR has a high sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of Nocardia compared with culture and biochemical tests. Considering the rapidity, precision, high sensitivity and specificity of molecular techniques, use of these techniques is suggested in conjunction with conventional methods for the detection of Nocardia phenotypes in clinical laboratories and research centers.

"nBackground: The oncoplastic surgery has been revolutionized breast conservative surgery. The aim of our study was to represent the cosmetic outcome of oncoplastic breast surgery in Iran and to evaluate its determinants. "n"nMethods: Fifty eight patients with unilateral breast neoplasm operated with single surgeon in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Three view photographs were obtained pre and post operatively and were put in separate PowerPoint slides. The photographs were evaluated by six health related professionals. They scored the cosmetic outcome with modified questionnaire containing general and specific questions. Weighted kappa used for intra and inters rater reliability and ANOVA was used for analyzing cosmetic outcome determinants. "n"nResults: Generally, 72.2% of the photographs got the excellent or good score in a single breast evaluation part. Its items breast size, nipple deviation and scar quality scored 94.2, 67.9 and 88.8 respectively. "In comparison with contra-lateral breast" part shape asymmetry, need for surgery of contra lateral breast and size asymmetry scored 68.9, 75.8 and 69% respectively. Tumor size greater than two cm had poorer outcome (p=0.039) upper outer quadrant tumor had the worst and upper inner quadrant tumors had the best outcomes (p

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Since occupational hazards are prevalent in emergency wards’ personnel due to occupational stresses and nonstandard work facilities and equipment, and any negligence as to these personnel may reduce the quality of nosocomial services, to improve the quality of the hygienic and therapeutic services provided by this ward, the physical status of emergency wards’ personnel including physicians, nurses, workers and administrative personnel should be assessed as the first step. For this purpose, it was the goal of this project to assess the physical status of the personnel of the emergency wards of hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, in Qazvin, Iran, and discover the relation it had with muscular-skeletal disorders. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical one. The participants included all personnel of the emergency wards of Shahid Rajaei Hospital and Bouali Hospital and were selected from the four educational hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. The occupational-bodily status of the subjects was first assessed by Rapid Entire Body Assessment Method. To study the muscular-skeletal disorders, Nordic’s Standard Questionnaire was used. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS/win 16 software, and statistical tests including Chi-Square and Coefficient Correlation Tests. Results: In this study, the maximum amount of prevalent pain was found to be 51%, occupational accidents (6.7%) and the longest period of pain was found to exist in the waist area. In most cases, “pain in the neck” was the factor limiting the work activities, and it was also the reason for most cases of absenteeism and referring to physician during the last year. The body status score of most personnel was in the range of 4 to 7 according to REBA method. The risk proved to be at an average level and a corrective action in this regard seemed to be essential (71%). Ultimately, the results revealed that no significant relation existed between REBA score of each member of the body and the pain felt in the same body part (P>0.05). The total REBA scores of each individual proved to have a significant reverse relation with the education level, while it had a significant direct relation with stress intensity (P

Background&Objective: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, The prevalence rate in developing countries is higher than developed countries, and also affecting a large number of child and women. The main purpose of this study was to promot the knowledge, attitude and practice of girl student in Ghaemshahr in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Materials&Methods: This study was an educational intervention to evaluate the effect of education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (K.A.P) in intervention and control groups (each group: 300) among female students in Ghaemshahr. The data was gathered using a questionnaire (include the demographic information, some of question related to knowledge, attitude, practice. K.A.P were assessed before and also 1.5 month after implementation of educational program using the questionnaire, collected data was analyzed by SPSS (11.5), STATA (8.0). Results: There was not significant difference between K.A.P in study group before implementation of educational intervention, but there is a significant increase between K.A.P after interventional education in intervention group. Educational intervention was promoted knowledge mounting to 15 score, 5 score to promote attitude and 1.6 score to improve the practice. There was significant relation between mother education, father job with their knowledge and class with their attitude, also mother education with their practice. Conclusion: The results indicated that improvement of knowledge could prevent iron deficiency anemia, thus emphasis on the health education in adolescent age is necessary to promote K.A.P.

Objective(s): To assess knowledge, attitudes and lifestyle in unstable angina patients. Material & Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among patients hospitalized in C.C.U in Mashhad. In all 180 subjects were entered into the study. They answered to an 82-items questionnaire consisting of questions on demographic factors (4 items), knowledge (5 items), attitude (56 items) and lifestyle (17 items). Results: The findings indicated that the global level of knowledge about cardiac risk factors, available treatments, compliance to treatment, was insufficient but it was very low about pain inducer behaviors. Patientschr('39') attitudes toward perceived threat (severity and susceptibility) of the disease and internal Health Locus of Control was relatively low. Conclusion: There is a strong need to promote angina patient education and this should be deliverd by health professionals.

In order to evaluate the role of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in causing hematuria, nephrolithiasis and recurrent urinary tract infections we studied two groups of children for idiopathic hypercalciuria. 1) Patients group: children with hematuria, nephrolithiasis and recurrent urinary tract infections (n=452). 2) Control group: children with no urinary tract problem (n=100). In control group 3% of children had IH. In patients group 27.5% of patients with hematuria, 37% of patients with nephrolithiasis and 7.9% of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections had IH, P values=0.001, 0.005 and 0.2, respectively. This study confirms that there is a positive association between IH and hematuria or nephrolithiasis, but there is no significant association between recurrent urinary tract infections and IH

Development of inhibitor to factor VIII is the most serious complication of hemophilia therapy. To determine the prevalence of inhibitors in Iran hemophilia A patients exposed to blood products, 1280 hemophilia A patients (age range 9 months-84 years) were evaluated. All patients received several blood products such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and factor VIII. 635 of 1280 patients (49.6%), 277 patients (21.6%) and 368 patients (28.8%) had severe, moderate and mild disease, respectively. 184 of 1280 patients (14.4%) developed inhibitor. The prevalence of inhibitor for severe, moderate and mild in hemophilia A patients was 22.8%, 9.4%, and 3.5% respectively. 41 patients (22.2%) and 143 patients (77.8%) were high responder and low responder respectively. Among 184 patients with inhibitor, 67 patients (36.4%) had blood group O and for B, A, AB blood groups, number of patients with inhibitor was 55 (29.9%), 50 (27.2%), 12(6.5%) respectively and 153 patients (83.1%) had Rh blood group.

Background and purposeAcute leptomeningeal collateral flow is vital for maintaining perfusion to penumbral tissue in acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinically available indicators of leptomeningeal collateral variability in embolic large-vessel occlusion.Materials and methodsAmong prospectively registered consecutive patients with acute embolic anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion treated with thrombectomy, we analyzed 108 patients admitted from January 2015 to December 2019 who underwent evaluation of leptomeningeal collateral status on pretreatment CTA. Clinical characteristics, extent of leukoaraiosis on MR imaging, embolic stroke subtype, time of imaging, occlusive thrombus characteristics, presenting stroke severity, and clinical outcome were collected. The clinical indicators of good collateral status (>50% collateral filling of the occluded territory) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsGood collateral status was present in 67 patients (62%) and associated with independent functional outcomes at 3 months. Reduced leukoaraiosis (total Fazekas score, 0-2) was positively related to good collateral status (OR, 9.57; 95% CI, 2.49-47.75), while the cardioembolic stroke mechanism was inversely related to good collateral status (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.02-0.87). In 82 patients with cardioembolic stroke, shorter thrombus length (OR, 0.91 per millimeter increase; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) and reduced leukoaraiosis (OR, 5.79; 95% CI, 1.40-29.61) were independently related to good collateral status.ConclusionsAmong patients with embolic large-vessel occlusion, reduced leukoaraiosis, noncardiac embolism mechanisms including embolisms of arterial or undetermined origin, and shorter thrombus length in cardioembolism are indicators of good collateral flow.

Purpose: Universities have recognized their rich endowments in research, academic skills and facilities, as uniquely suited to finding "green" solutions. Moreover, the campus setting itself presents as a microcosm of greater society through which to investigate and test innovations. Thus, the "living lab" was born, a means of coupling sufficient resources and active stakeholders in the pursuit of practical, sustainable solutions. Much of the work to date, however, remains piecemeal, small-scale and disparate. This study aims to propose that the work of such labs must ultimately be directed, coordinated and integrated under a "university sustainability office," if they are to be ultimately effective. Design/methodology/approach: The research approach is twofold. In the first instance, a literature review charting the history and progress of living labs is reported, with emphasis of the university context. Second, a case study appraisal of Deakin University's initiatives in adopting and promoting sustainability through the living lab framework is undertaken. Findings: A main finding of this paper is that current efforts remain piecemeal and peripheral. If the apparent ambiguity regarding commitment is to be overcome, Deakin University should adopt measures as adopted by peer leaders in the field. Specifically, the setting up of a centralizing sustainability function bestowed with the capacity to coordinate university-wide living lab efforts, and at such a scale that substantial benefits transferable to greater society is generated. Originality/value: This paper stands out among previous studies in the field through facilitating a transition to living lab for other universities, where findings facilitate that progress and consider how the lessons learnt might inform the further evolution of university living lab initiatives.