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A new flavan-3-ol glycoside, hostaflavanol A (1) along with two related known ones, including dihydrokaempferol (2) and naringnin (3) were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of Hosta plantaginea flowers. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, as well as by comparison with literature data. To the best our knowledge, compounds 2 and 3 were characterized for the first time from the Liliaceae family and genus Hosta, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in vitro results revealed that compounds 1‒3 exhibited significant or moderate COX-1 and moderate COX-2 inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 23.7 ± 1.8, 31.6 ± 1.6, and 61.3 ± 3.1 μM for COX-1, as well as 46.7 ± 3.1, 71.2 ± 3.5, and 115.7 ± 6.5 μM for COX-2, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of compounds 1‒3 was also measured by the DPPH method, 1‒3 exhibited significant or moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 112.7 ± 3.8, 46.6 ± 1.3, and 82.4 ± 2.4 μM, respectively.

Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers, as a traditional folk medicine, has been widely used both as a single herb and in prescriptions in Asia mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. A total of 101 compounds including steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and others have been isolated from H. plantaginea. Modern pharmacology has revealed that H. plantaginea possesses various therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial effects both in vitro and in vivo. Although a number of reports on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of this plant are available, there is limited research on the bioactive constituents and the mechanism of the biological activities of H. plantaginea. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the research on bioactive constituents and their mechanisms as well as their structure–function relationships in H. plantaginea. Up to now, only three compounds have been established for the quality control of H. plantaginea. However, a comprehensive review on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, quality control and pharmacology information about this plant has not been reported so far; thus, a systematic and comprehensive review is very necessary. Therefore, this paper provided a comprehensive overview on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, quality control and pharmacology of H. plantaginea and also provided evidence for its further research and clinical applications.

Hosta plantaginea was a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used to treat inflammation-related diseases with little scientific validation. Twelve flavonoids, including two new compounds namely plantanones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRMS as well as comparison with literature data. All of the isolated compounds showed significant inhibitory activities against ovine COX-1 and COX-2 at a concentration of 50 μM, with inhibition ratios from 53.00% to 80.55% for COX-1 and from 52.19% to 66.29% for COX-2. Further detailed testing showed that compounds 1, 2, 4 and 12 inhibited the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes with IC50 values 12.90–33.37 μM and 38.32–46.16 μM, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant effects of these isolates against DPPH free radical-scavenging were also evaluated in vitro, and a tight structure-activity relationship was discussed. Our results suggested that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of H. plantaginea flowers are partly attributed to these flavonoids.

Hosta plantaginea is an important ornamental and horticultural plant endemic to China. In this study, we generated complete chloroplast genome of H. plantaginea using high-throughput sequencing. Th...

Ethnopharmacological relevance The flower of Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers (Liliaceae) is a traditional medicinal material in Mongolian medicine for treating sore throat, hoarseness, pulmonary fever, and toxic fever in folk. The present work investigated anti-prostate cancer and hepatoprotective activities of flavonoid derivatives from H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers. Aim of the study: To isolate and identify the chemicals of H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers for anti-prostate cancer and hepatoprotective activities. Materials and methods Active chemicals were isolated and purified from H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers by chromatographic methods, and their structures were established on spectroscopic analysis and references. These compounds were evaluated for their anti-prostate cancer activities using the LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and assayed for their hepatoprotective activities on CCl4-induced injury of human L-O2 cells, respectively. Results Four new flavonol-lignan heterodimers (1–4), together with nine known flavonoid derivatives (5–13) were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, some compounds exhibited moderate anti-prostate cancer and hepatoprotective activities. Conclusion Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 showed anti-prostate cancer activities using the LNCaP prostate cancer cells with IC50 values of 17.84, 33.26, 54.13, and 81.55 μg/mL, and compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities, respectively. A preliminary structure-activity relation was summarized in this paper.

Five new compounds hostines A-E (1-5), together with eighteen known compounds (6-23), were obtained from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers, a traditional folk herbal medicine widely used in Mongolian. The structures of the undescribed compounds were determined by using detailed spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data analysis. The biological evaluation revealed that hostine C (3), hostine D (4), hostine E (5), stellarine (16), and phenethyl-O-β-d-glucopuranoside (19) possessed the significant anti-inflammatory activities, these compounds significantly inhibited the NO release of RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of new bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed the interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein.

Hosta plantaginea was a traditional Chinese medicinal plants used to treat inflammatory and painful diseases with partial scientific validation. Solvent extractions followed by repeated chromatographic purification of the H. plantaginea flowers led to the isolation of one new flavonoid glycoside, hostaflavone A (1), together with one related known compound, kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside (2), and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, as well as by comparison with literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activites against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and DPPH free radical-scavenging activities in vitro. The results revealed that 1 and 2 exhibited significant COX-1 inhibition and moderate COX-2 inhibition compared to the reference celecoxib. Additionally, 1 and 2 displayed insignificant antioxidant activities compared to the positive control L-ascorbic acid.

Two new phenolic glucosides, hostaflavanone A (1) and anti-1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), together with six known compounds, anti-1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol (3), phenethyl-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), phenethanol-β-d-gentiobioside (5), phenethyl-O-rutinoside (6), (1S, 3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (7), and (1R, 3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (8), were isolated from the flower of Hosta plantaginea, and their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and circular dichroism (CD) analyses. The cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition and antioxidant activities of compounds 1 and 4–6 were investigated, and they showed moderate cyclooxygenases inhibition activities. Moreover, only compound 1 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 83.2 μM, while 4–6 showed insignificant activity with IC50 values of 282, 257, and 275 μM, respectively. This is the first report of compounds 3 and 5–8 from the Liliaceae family. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds was also summarized.

В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния регуляторов роста (Biodux, Энерген, Иммуноцитофит) на продуктивность некоторых представителей рода хоста [ Hosta albo-marginata (Hook.) Hyl., H. fortunei (Baker) Bailey, H. lancifolia (Thunb.) Engl., H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers., H. sieboldiana (Hook.) Engl., H. glauca var. aurea-variegata (Sieb.) Stearn, H. undulata (Otto et Dietr.) Bailey), культивируемых в Башкирском Предуралье. Показано, что изученные регуляторы роста обладают видоспецифичным действием. Наиболее эффективным препаратом является Biodux, самыми отзывчивыми видами — Hosta glauca var. aurea-variegata и H. plantaginea .

В статті наведені результати якісного аналізу та кількісного вмісту мікроелементів в коренях, листі та квітках хости подорожникової та хости ланцетолистої. В досліджуваних видах сировини виявлено 19 мікроелементів. Встановлено, що найбільше мінеральних речовин накопичується в коренях хости ланцетолистої, а найменше – в листі обох видів хост. При цьому, в усіх видах сировини в значній кількості накопичуються калій, кальцій та силіцій., The article represents the results of qualitative analysis and quantitative content of microelements in the roots, leaves and flowers of Hosta plantaginea and Hosta lancifolia. 19 microelements were determined in the plant materials studied. The highest quantity of microelements was accumulated by Hosta lancifolia roots, the lowest – by the leaves of both species. Moreover, all the plant material types accumulate potassium, calcium and silicium in significant amounts., Приведены результаты качественного анализа и количественного содержания микроэлементов в корнях, листьях и цветках хосты подорожниковой и хосты ланцетолистой. В исследуемых видах сырья обнаружено 19 микроэлементов. Определено, что наибольшее количество минеральных веществ накапливается в корнях хосты ланцетолистой, а менше всего – в лиcтьях обоих видов хосты. При этом во всех видах сырья в значительном количестве накапливается калий, кальций и силиций.

In East Asia, herbs are not only used by traditional medical practitioners but also commonly eaten by public. Compositae and Rhus are well-known antigens that can cause allergic contact dermatitis, but the other herbs are not well studied for antigenicity. Hosta plantaginea (also known as ‘August lily’ or ‘Plantain lily’) is originated from China and usually grown for ornamental purposes (Fig. 1a~c). In traditional medicine, flowers are used as oral medicines for sore throat or dysuria and sometimes topically applied for burn. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Hosta undulate, Hosta plantaginea and Hosta plantaginea ‘Rosea’ were introduced to Harbin to evaluate the cold resistance compared to Hosta ventricosa stearn which can survive during the winter in Harbin. The physiology characteristics of Hosta species were determined under ground conditions. Along with the temperature drop, the increase of relative conductivity and MDA content of Hosta undulate were lower than Hosta plantaginea and Hosta plantaginea ‘Rosea’. Whereas contents of soluble sugar and free praline of Hosta undulate were higher than these two Hosta species. In view of the minimum temperature of winter in Harbin, chilling tolerance were conducted at -35°C and -40°C for 3h, 6h and 9h. Hosta undulate shows outstanding cold resistance and recovery growth.

Hosta plantaginea and 11 selections with H. plantaginea parentage were chilled at 4C (39F) for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks to determine the effect of chilling duration on subsequent plant growth. At 6 and 12 weeks after chilling treatment (WAT), response to chilling duration was selection dependent with three trends evident. At 6 WAT, eight of the 12 selections showed a decrease in new leaf formation with one or two weeks of chilling, but an increase in new leaf formation with additional chilling. In three of the 12 selections, new leaf formation increased linearly with increased chilling. New leaf formation of H. plantaginea ‘Grandiflora’ was not affected by chilling duration at 6 or 12 WAT. At 12 WAT, growth response of four of the 12 selections changed quadratically with increased chilling, similar to the response at 6 WAT, while leaf formation in seven of the 12 selections increased linearly with increasing chilling duration. At 18 WAT, leaf counts increased linearly in all H. plantaginea selections with increasing chilling duration, demonstrating increased vigor. All selections showed increases in new leaf formation over the 18-week period following chilling, demonstrating that chilling, though beneficial, was not required, and in the short-term, the response to chilling was selection dependent.

Four new furostanol glycosides were isolated from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers. On the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, their structures were elucidated as 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-22-O-methyl-5α-furostan-2α,3β,22ξ,26-tetrol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (hostaplantagineoside A, 1), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-20(22)-ene-2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (hostaplantagineoside B, 2), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-22(23)-ene-2α,3β,20α,26-tetraol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (hostaplantagineoside C, 3), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-20(22)-ene-2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (hostaplantagineoside D, 4).

Cuticular waxes were analyzed on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces of three Hosta genotypes differing in leaf surface glaucousness; the glossy-leaved Hosta plantaginea, the glossy-leaved Hosta lancifolia, and the glaucous-leaved Hosta `Krossa Regal'. All three hosta had their highest total leaf wax quantity in the spring soon after full leaf expansion. The major wax constituent class on these hosta was primary alcohols, comprising up to 84.6% of the total wax. Many hosta leaves had unusually high C24 length primary alcohols, especially in the spring. However, the dominant chain length in this alcohol class varied with development and genotype. A unique class of ß-diketones were present on the glaucous `Krossa Regal', comprising as much as 28.7% of the total waxes on abaxial leaf surfaces in the summer. Interestingly, these ß-diketones were only 0.9% of total waxes on adaxial leaf surfaces of `Krossa Regal' in the summer. Studies are under way to determine whether the dramatic seasonal changes in the waxy leaf coatings described in this report are associated with biotic and abiotic stress resistance in hosta.

"Kikyu (Guijiu)" described in Shinnou-honzoukyo (Shennong-bencaojing) is generally considered to be the same drug as Hakkakuren (Bajiaolian) in the present market, and mainly derived from the rhizomes of Dysosma versipellis and D. pieiantha of Berberidaceae. However, the drug preserved in Shosoin, to be assumed as "Guijiu", has been reported to be similar to monocotyledon plants, particularly to the rhizome of Hosta plants of Liliaceae in the internal structures. In this paper, in order to further clarify the botanical origin of "Guijiu" in Shosoin, we compared its anatomical characteristics with those of underground parts of two Hosta species (H. plantaginea and H. ventricosa) from Jiangsu, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of China. As a result, we have demonstrated that the drug "Guijiu" in Shosoin was derived from the underground part of H. plantaginea.

Four rates of two slow-release fertilizers were tested for optimum growth of five hosta cultivars: Hosta sieboldiana `Elegans', Hosta plantaginea `Aphrodite', Hosta `Jade Scepter', Hosta `Hadspen Blue', and Hosta `Francee'. Tissue-cultured hostas from 2.5-cm plugs were planted in 6-inch (15-cm) pots filled with a commercial soilless medium, and the slow-release fertilizer was dibbled into the medium at 0, 3, 6, or 12 g/pot. The plants were maintained for 4 months. Root and shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded at the end of the experiment. In addition, foliar nutrient analysis was conducted on `Aphrodite', `Francee', and `Jade Sceptor'. Overall, hostas grew best when the medium was amended with 3 g of either Osmocote 14N-6P-11.5K or Sierrablen 17N-6P-12K slow-release fertilizer.

The criopreservation involve the stock of the vegetal material at low temperatures (-196°C) in liquid nitrogen, in thermal conditions in which the division of cells and metabolic processes slow down, thus that the samplings may be conserved for long periods without suffering any genetic modifications. This stock technique is applied till present only on 80 vegetal species, keeping their seeds and vitrocultures preponderantly; researches were made regarding the maintenance of pollen in liquid nitrogen.The mature pollen, able to resist a higher degree of desiccation, may be conserved at low temperatures, without criopreservation. It was made researches on criopreservation of rise, maize, wheat, roses, sun flower and soy pollen. Our study purpose was to follow the impact of liquid nitrogen (-196°C) about on viability of some cultured and ornamental species. The designed time of criopreservation it was 30 minutes and 7 days, using the TTC (tripheniltetrazole chloride) method which allows testing the viability of vegetal material based on dehydrogenase activity.It was observed at Petunia hybrida species, that the pollen viability was low - in relevance with the witness represented from the pollen which was not resigned to the nitrogen liquid treatment - between percentage limits of 3.5-8%, in the case when the vegetal material was submersed 30 minutes in liquid nitrogen and 7.5-14.5% 7 days at (-196°C). The submersing of Nicotiana alata var. grandiflora species at 7 days, determined a low viability with 11.53%. The following two studied species Cucurbita and Hosta were proved to be the most resistant at submersing and maintenance in liquid nitrogen. The most affected pollen was Campsis radicans species. At Datura stramonium species was observed 2.59% a low viability of pollen, after 30 minutes of liquid nitrogen treatment, was 19.56%, after 7 days of submersing, the most pollen granules losing completely their viability.

A new C 22 -steroid glycoside was isolated from the underground parts of Hosta plantaginea var. japonica , together with a known furostanol saponin and three known spirostanol saponins. The structure of the new steroid glycoside was characterized by spectroscopic analysis and acid-catalysed hydrolysis as 2α,3β,16β-trihydroxy-5α-pregn-20(21)-ene-carboxylic acid γ-lactone 3-O-{O-β- d -glucopyranosyl -(1 → 2)-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl -(1 → 4)-β- d -galactopyranoside}s The isolated compounds were assayed for their cytostatic activity on leukaemia HL-60 cells. The spirostanol saponins showed cytostatic activity in a dose-dependent manner with the IC 50 values ranging between 1 and 3 μg ml −1 .

Hostasinine A (1), a benzylphenethylamine alkaloid with an unprecedented skeleton featuring a C-4-C-6 linkage and a nitrone moiety, was isolated from Hosta plantaginea. Its structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic data, and was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The alkaloid was postulated biogenetically from haemanthidine via N-oxidation and aza-aldol-type condensation and was synthesized biomimetically. The inhibitory activities of 1 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and two tumor cell lines (K562 and A549) were also evaluated.

Fragrant plantain lily [Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers.] is an easily grown herbaceous perennial plant valued for its decorative foliage and dainty colorful flowers. From 2009 to 2011, a leaf spot disease of H. plantaginea was observed in Yuyuantan Park in Beijing, China (116°25′ E, 39°55′ N). The leaf spots began as small, irregular, circular, brown lesions in the middle or on the margin of leaves, which enlarged gradually up to 1 to 20 mm in diameter and were circular or irregular and brown to dark brown surrounded by yellowish borders. Occasionally, some spots cracked under dry conditions. Symptomatic leaf tissues were surface-sterilized in 1% NaOCl for 2 min, washed three times with distilled water, and then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies on PDA at 25°C for 7 days were grayish brown and cottony. Mycelia were hyaline to grey, septate, branched, and 2 to 7 μm wide. Acervuli were dark brown to black and 198 to 486 μm in diameter, averaging 278.5 μm. Setae were pale brown to dark brown, 2 to 4 septa, 70.0 to 120.3 × 2.5 to 5.1 μm, base cylindrical, and narrower towards the apex. Conidiophores were unicellular, hyaline, phialidic, and 5.0 to 13.5 × 1.5 to 2.8 μm. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, falcate, apices acute, oil globules, and 16.0 to 25.2 × 2.6 to 5.0 μm. Appressoria were spherical, ovate or obclavate, pale to dark brown, edge usually entire, and 9.5 to 15.5 × 6.5 to 11.5 μm. Morphological characteristics of the fungus were similar to those of Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby (2). To validate Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying leaves of 20 healthy potted H. plantaginea (60-day-old plants) with a 106 conidia/ml aqueous suspension. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. Plants were put into a glass cabinet for 48 h after inoculation and maintained at 25°C, relative humidity 98%. Then the plants were moved out and incubated in greenhouse at 10 to 25°C. After 10 days, all inoculated plants showed typical symptoms, whereas water sprayed controls remained healthy. C. capsici was consistently re-isolated from these lesions. The re-isolated fungus showed the same morphological characteristics as described above. Genomic DNA was extracted from the original isolate and the re-isolate from the pathogenicity test. PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from ribosomal DNA was performed with primers ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). PCR products of 513 bp were sequenced. There was 100% nucleotide identity for sequences of the original isolate and the re-isolate. The sequence was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. HM063417.1). BLAST analysis of the fungal sequence resulted in 100% identity to the sequence of C. capsici (Accession No. JX867217.1). Isolates have been deposited at the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. capsici on H. plantaginea in China (1). Its confirmation is a significant step toward management recommendations for growers. References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman, Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab. ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , August 2013. (2) J. E. M. Mordue. CMI Description of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. Commonwealth Mycol. Inst., Kew, UK, 1971.

1. The self-pollinated capsules of a stock of Hosta plantaginea Aschers. bear good seeds and aborted ovules in the ratio 1:3 as is shown in the Table 1.2. The capsules of the same plant when pollinated with the pollen of H. plantaginea Aschers. var. japonica Kikuchi et F. Maekawa bear good seeds and aborted ovules in the ratio 1:1 as is shown in the Table 2.3. From these data we can assume that Hosta plantaginea Aschers. at least the stock under my observation is a monogenic heterozygous plant of L and l; L denoting a dominant lethal gene causing the partial sterility of this plant, and l its allele, a recessive gene. LL and Ll cause the abortion of the embryo and ll produces a fertile embryo. The gene L does not affect any gametes.4. Hosta plantaginea Aschers. var. japonica Kikuchi et F. Maekawa which is a self-sterile or at least a later season fertile plant has no L gene in it. When pollinated with the pollen of this plant H. plantaginea Aschers. bears good capsules containing good seeds and aborted ovules in the ratio 1:1.