1. Homogeneous fermionic Hubbard gases in a flat-top optical lattice
- Author
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Wang, Yu-Xuan, Shao, Hou-Ji, Zhu, Yan-Song, Zhu, De-Zhi, Sun, Hao-Nan, Chen, Si-Yuan, Yao, Xing-Can, Chen, Yu-Ao, and Pan, Jian-Wei
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Fermionic atoms in a large-scale, homogeneous optical lattice provide an ideal quantum simulator for investigating the fermionic Hubbard model, yet achieving this remains challenging. Here, by developing a hybrid potential that integrates a flat-top optical lattice with an optical box trap, we successfully realize the creation of three-dimensional, homogeneous fermionic Hubbard gases across approximately $8\times10^5$ lattice sites. This homogeneous system enables us to capture a well-defined energy band occupation that aligns perfectly with the theoretical calculations for a zero-temperature, ideal fermionic Hubbard model. Furthermore, by employing novel radio-frequency spectroscopy, we precisely measure the doublon fraction $D$ as a function of interaction strength $U$ and temperature $T$, respectively. The crossover from metal to Mott insulator is detected, where $D$ smoothly decreases with increasing $U$. More importantly, we observe a non-monotonic temperature dependence in $D$, revealing the Pomeranchuk effect and the development of extended antiferromagnetic correlations.
- Published
- 2025