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To investigate how the petroleum industry evaluates and selects powerful cloud service providers, first, an evaluation index system including 25 indices such as scalability and private data protection is built. This index system can systematically examine the comprehensive strengths of cloud service providers. Aiming to solve the problems that the traditional expert evaluation method has high requirements on expert experience and is easily affected by subjective factors, a novel artificial intelligence evaluation model named TentISSA-BPNN is proposed. The objective evaluation ability of this model can be effectively used in evaluation research on cloud service providers for petroleum enterprises. In this model, the SSA algorithm is optimized by Tent chaotic mapping and adaptive inertia weight; an algorithm, TentISSA, that has good stability and fast convergence speed is designed and proposed; and the BPNN is improved with TentISSA to obtain more accurate evaluation results. To evaluate the performance of the TentISSA algorithm, nine unimodal and multimodal functions are selected in this paper to test the convergence accuracy. Then, seven models are selected as the control groups to validate the effectiveness and performance of the TentISSA-BPNN evaluation model proposed in this paper. Finally, the preprocessed data of the candidate cloud service providers are input into the trained neural network model proposed in this paper for evaluation. Based on the ranking of the evaluation scores, the comprehensive strengths of the cloud service providers are obtained to provide a decision-making reference for managers of petroleum enterprises in the process of choosing cloud service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitumen, which is widely used in various applications, is facing the challenge of being unsustainable. Many strategies are proposed to recycle or replace bitumen. However, most of them can not address the unsustainability of bitumen from the roots. On the other hand, sulfur exists widely on the earth as a kind of industrial waste despite its extensive applications. Herein, a series of bitumen‐like polymers from elemental sulfur is obtained through an inverse vulcanization reaction. The sulfur‐containing polymers exhibit self‐healing, non‐toxic, and adjustable properties depending on the working environment. Based on these features, the applications of sulfur‐containing polymers in self‐healing waterproof sealants, impact‐resistance or shock‐absorption devices, and non‐Newtonian speed bumps are demonstrated. With the method of synthesizing multifunctional bitumen‐like polymers from sulfur wastes, a feasible way is provided to solve simultaneously the challenging problem of bitumen's unsustainability as well as sulfur's utilization, with the advantages including easy massed‐fabrication, non‐toxicity, extremely low cost (≈2 cents per gram) and environment friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light‐driven actuators are advantageous among various actuators because it enables remote, contactless, and localized manipulation without any complex equipment. However, most of them rely solely on the Marangoni effect which is slow in velocity and would be quenched in liquid with low surface tension force. Here, a dual‐mode actuator based on both the Marangoni effect and vapor jet flow is reported through the introduction of an excellent photothermal polymer crosslinked by Fe3+/catechol coordination bonds. The light‐driven ship not only realizes multimode motions such as forward, backward, rotation and obstacle crossing at the air/water interface, but also enables smart transportation and contactless delivery which has not been realized before. Moreover, the incorporation of photothermal conversion performance and self‐healing ability into near‐infrared photo‐responsive actuators at the molecular level can guarantee facile fabrication and prolong the service time of the light‐driven actuators which is the first dual‐mode light‐driven actuator with self‐healing ability. This work provides a new strategy for the structural design and application of the liquid/air interface light‐driven self‐propelled device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, and La could sharply reduce the ES barriers of Ag(1 1 1) step edge. • Energies of end-state systems doped by Sc, Ti, Y, and Zr rise during exchanging process. • La could decrease the energies of end-state systems and sharply reduce the ES barriers. The Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) barriers can significantly affect the growth mode of Ag films. In this paper, the effect of surfactant atoms on the ES potential barriers of Ag(1 1 1) is investigated by first-principles calculations. The results show Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, and La could sharply reduce the ES barriers. Furthermore, the energies of the doped systems all decrease during exchanging process except the systems doped by Sc, Ti, Y, and Zr. Therefore, La might be a better surfactant for Ag to reduce the ES barriers and promote the 2D growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronic skins (e‐skins) play a very important role in the development of human–machine interaction and wearable devices. To fully mimic the functions of human skin, e‐skins should be able to perceive multiple external stimuli (such as temperature, touch, and friction) and be resistant to injury. However, both objectives are highly challenging. The fabrication of multifunctional e‐skins is difficult because of the complex lamination scheme and the integration of different sensors. The design of skin‐like materials is hindered by the trade‐off problem between flexibility, toughness, and self‐healing ability. Herein, flexible sodium methallyl sulfonate functionalized poly(thioctic acid) polymer chains are combined with rigid conductive polyaniline rods through ionic bonds to obtain a solvent‐free polymer conductive gel. The conductive gel has a modulus similar to that of skin, and shows good flexibility, puncture‐resistance, notch‐insensitivity, and fast self‐healing ability. Moreover, this conductive gel can convert changes in temperature and strain into electrical signal changes, thus leading to multifunctional sensing performance. Based on these superior properties, a flexible e‐skin sensor is prepared, demonstrating its great potential in the wearable field and physiological signal detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is associated with burdened personal, social, and economic costs. No significant degradation product was detected in the liver upon PD@MSN-FA/RGD injection, suggesting a lower degradation of PD with nanoparticles embedding (Figure S11). A folate/RGD-dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles targeting GABA-p38 MAPK-MRTFs/SRF signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis GLO:F2H7/01may21:ctm2408-fig-0004.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 4 The regulatory mechanism of PD@MSN-FA/RGD in vivo gl In this work, a folate/RGD-dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-FA/RGD) with reproducible and stable production, as well as good biocompatibility, was developed to carry PD to the synovial area to achieve promising clinical translation and application in RA therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Influence of light on the chroma of low pressure hydrogenation aviation kerosene was studied using different lights (ultraviolet light, infrared light, sunlight and no light) in the same environment full of oxygen. UV light with short wavelength has the largest influence. Coloring substances were isolated by adsorption on neutral alumina followed by ether extraction and identified by using infrared spectrum, elemental analysis and two-dimensional GC-MS. Oxygen-containing compounds are main coloring substances. Light can provide the required energy to convert unsaturated hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds to phenols, quinones and ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrastrong and broadband chiroptical response is key but remains challenging for many device applications. A simple and cost-effective bottom-up method is introduced to fabricate large-area long-range ordered chiral ultrathin films with the Langmuir-Schaeffer technique using gold nanowires as building blocks. Significantly, as-prepared ultrathin films display giant optical activity across a broad wavelength range covering visible and near infrared regions with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.285, which is the record value for bottom-up techniques. Detailed experimental result and theoretical analysis disclose that such remarkable optical activity originates from birefringence and dichroism of the well-aligned Au nanowire layers in the ultrathin films. The universality of this facile strategy for constructing chiral ultrathin films is further demonstrated with many other one-dimensional nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrastrong and broadband chiroptical response is key but remains challenging for many device applications. A simple and cost-effective bottom-up method is introduced to fabricate large-area long-range ordered chiral ultrathin films with the Langmuir-Schaeffer technique using gold nanowires as building blocks. Significantly, as-prepared ultrathin films display giant optical activity across a broad wavelength range covering visible and near infrared regions with an anisotropic factor of up to 0.285, which is the record value for bottom-up techniques. Detailed experimental result and theoretical analysis disclose that such remarkable optical activity originates from birefringence and dichroism of the well-aligned Au nanowire layers in the ultrathin films. The universality of this facile strategy for constructing chiral ultrathin films is further demonstrated with many other one-dimensional nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Gacun deposit is a typical Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulfide (VHMS) associated with Late Triassic seafloor calc-alkaline felsic volcanics. Studies of zircon ages, petrology, major and trace element geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the Northern Yidun arc were undertaken in this paper. We reshaped the Gacun magmatic system activity time, defined the origin of magma evolution, and proposed a metallogenic model of the deposit. Whole-rock major element compositions of the magmatic rocks in the Northern Yidun island arc indicate that they are a complete basalt–andesite–dacite–rhyolite assemblage, showing three obvious stages of composition evolution. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light rare earth elements, but depleted in high field-strength and heavy rare earth elements, with weak-to-negligible Eu anomalies (obvious in rhyolite). These geochemical features indicate that the Northern Yidun island arc is a magmatic arc based on ancient continental crust. The Ganzi–Litang oceanic subduction induced mantle melting and produced calc-alkaline basaltic magma, while the MASH processes at the bottom of the crust produced andesitic magma. Part of the andesite magma erupted to form andesite lava. The remaining part was mixed with magma produced via anatexis of ancient crust (approximately 20%–40% of the ancient crustal component), forming the ore-bearing rhyolite. Zircon U-Pb age data defines Gacun magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization sequence of events: At 238 Ma, arc magmatism led to the formation of andesite in the eastern part of the deposit. At 233 Ma, in the arc zone (the western part of Gacun deposit), a large-scale bimodal magmatism formed the main ore-bearing rock series of Gacun deposit, rhyolitic volcanic rocks. At 221 Ma, volcanic eruptions tended to end and sub-volcanic intrusion occurred, forming a lava dome, which was located under the ore-bearing rhyolitic volcanic rocks. The lava dome acted as a thermal engine and promoted hydrothermal circulation. The hydrothermal activity reached a peak at 217 ± 1 Ma, and the Gacun VHMS deposit was formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-traditional lithium isotope is a frontier in isotope geochemistry and has been applied to the studies of Solid Earth Sciences, such as the lithosphere and fluids from the Earth' s surface to the mantle. Lithium isotopic compositions of 7 standard reference materials BHVO-2, JB-2, BCR-2, AGV-2, NKT-1, L-SVEC and IRMM-016 are reported in this paper. The rock standards were digested with HNO3-HF mixed acids. Cation exchange resin AG5OW-X8 was used for the separation of Li from other elements. Li isotope ratios were determined by Multi- Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and isotopic mass fractionation was calibrated by standard-sample bracketing. The Li isotopic compositions and the analytical uncertainties (reported in 2SD) of analyzed standard reference materials were: 7LiBHVO-2-L-SVEC = 4. 7‰ ± 1. 0‰ (n = 53), 7LiJB-2-L-SVEC = 4.9‰±1. 0‰ (n =20), 7LiBCR-2-L-SVEC =4. 4%c ±0. 8‰ (n =8), 7LiAGV-2-L-SVEC= 6. 1‰ ±0. 4‰ (n = 14), 7NKT-1-L-SVEC =9.8‰± (n = 31), 7LiLSVEC-L-SVEC = -0.3‰± (n=10), 7IRMM-016-L-SVEC =0.0‰ ± 0.5‰ (n = 10). The results were in good agreement with published data within analytical uncertainties. The accuracy of this method is about ± 0. 5‰ and the long-term external precision (2SD) of replicate analyses including the entire pretreatment procedure is less than ± 1. 0‰, and is similar to the state of the art method. The reported data of 7 standard reference materials provided a new standard framework for Li isotope research, and enabled the evaluation of the quality of data retrieved from geological samples. The influence of sample size was also assessed by loading different amounts of separated IRMM-016 solutions. The results show that when the lithium concentration has reached 100 μg/L, the measured lithium isotopic compositions are in coincidence with the accepted value within uncertainty, and the sample size does not affect the accuracy of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the two sample test of the survival function of the failure time under the current status data and introduces three types of the non-parametric two sample test of the survival function. This paper constructs the empirical likelihood ratio test with a weighted approach for the two sample comparison based on MLE, SMLE, and MSLE. A bootstrap method is given for constructing the null hypothesis distribution and determining p-value. In simulation studies, we examine the finite-sample performance of the proposed approach and compare it with an existing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once cartilage is damaged, it has limited potential for self-repair. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is an effective treatment, but patients may suffer during cartilage harvesting and the donor-site morbidity may accelerate joint degeneration. Using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived chondrocytes is another selection, while it also causes some injuring. The umbilical cord, an ecto-embryo tissue may be an ideal source of cells, because of its accessibility, abundant resources, painless procedures for harvesting, and lack of ethical issues. We isolated MSCs from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord (WMSCs), which expressed CD44, CD105 and CD271 but not CD34 and CD45 with flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR showed not only positive expression of CD90, c-kit, Sca1, SH2 and SH3 but also positive expression of the chondrocyte markers Sox-9 and Col-2A1. WMSCs cultured in high-density in the presence of transforming growth factor β1 and dexamethasone showed cartilage extracellular matrix-secretion and integrated into a thin piece of cell-based membrane. The cell-based thin membrane cultured in rotary cell culture system formed a round, opaque, glistening non-scaffold cartilage-like tissue, larger and condenser than what was formed with conventional pellet culture. Glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen content significantly increased after 3-week culture. The human WMSCs express characteristics of pre-chondrocytes, low immunogenicity and are easy to be obtained with higher purity because there have no hematopoietic cells in Wharton's jelly, so it may be a new seed cells more suitable for constructing tissue-engineered cartilage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

By using 1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid as mixed-linkers, three novel 3D lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln(BDC)(BTEC)(HO)] (Ln = Eu ( 1) and Gd ( 2)) and [Tb(BDC)(BTEC)(HO)] ( 3) (HBDC = 1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid, HBTEC = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) were synthesized via hydrothermal reaction. The X-ray single crystal analyses reveal that the three coordination polymers present two types of different crystal cell parameters and hereby exhibited two kinds of different metal-organic frameworks, although they have the similar chemical formula [Ln(BDC)(BTEC)(HO)]. Of these complexes, complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous, crystallizing in monoclinic, space group P2/ n. While 3 is a 3D eight-coordinated terbium complex with triclinic crystal system and P-1 space group. The occurrence of the different structures of these complexes under the similar preparation method may be related to the lanthanide contraction effect. Additional, the thermogravimetric analyses and photoluminescent properties for complexes 1 and 3 were discussed in detail. Graphical Abstract: Three novel coordination polymers, [Ln(BDC)(BTEC)(HO)] (Ln = Eu ( 1) and Gd ( 2)) and [Tb(BDC)(BTEC)(HO)] ( 3) (HBDC = 1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid, HBTEC = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) have been firstly synthesized hydrothermally. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous, crystallizing in monoclinic, space group P2/ n. While 3 is a novel eight-coordinated Tb(III) complex with triclinic crystal system and P-1 space group. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new 3-D lanthanide coordination polymers, [CeK(btec)(H2O)2] n (1), [Ho(btec)0.5(ad)0.5(H2O)] n (2) (H4btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, H2ad = adipic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses reveal that both complexes crystallized in monoclinic space group P21/c and possessed 3-D net-structures. In 1, btec adopts two types of coordination modes: µ12–η2:η2:η2:η1:η2:η2:η2:η1 bridging mode linking six Ce(III) ions and six K+ ions and the other µ8–η1:η2:η2:η1:η1:η2:η2:η1 bridging mode connecting four Ce(III) ions and four K+ ions. In 2, btec adopts a µ6-bridging with each carboxylate group of btec ligand in a µ2–η1–η2 mode, the adipate is µ4-bridging with each carboxylate µ2–η1–η1-monodentate. The topological analysis shows that 1 can be simplified to a 3-nodal net with the Schläfli symbol {32,48,53,62}4{34,412,512}{438,626,82} and 2 can be simplified to a 3-nodal network with the Schläfli symbol {42,84}{46,66,83}{47,63}2. The thermogravimetric analyses and the X-ray powder diffraction of 1 and 2 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid as a rigid polycarboxylate metal linker and three types of flexible dicarboxylate ligands containing different –CH2– spacers as the second linker, a novel family of lanthanide MOFs (1–12) with three kinds of 3D framework structures, namely, [Ln2(ox)(bta)(H2O)4](Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Ho (4); H2ox = oxalic acid; H4bta = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid), [Ln2(glu)(bta)(H2O)4]·H2O (Ln = Tb (5), Eu (6), Dy (7), Ho (8); H2glu = glutaric acid), [Ln2(ad)(bta)(H2O)2] (Tb (9), Eu (10), Dy (11), Er (12); H2ad = adipic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. All coordination polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses reveal that the networks of the twelve polymers exhibit a variety of coordination modes to metal centers and all have three dimensional structures. The photoluminescent properties for the polymers 1–3, 5–7and 9–11were examined by using luminescence spectra and the analysis results indicate that different spanning flexible linkers have different influence on the characteristic photoluminescence when the rigid linker is the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new series of rigid–flexible lanthanide coordination polymers, namely, [Eu(BSA)(glu)(H2O)2]·H2O (Ln=Eu(1), Sm(2), Ce(3), Pr(4), Nd(5)); H2glu=glutaric acid, HBSA=benzene sulfonic acid), have been constructed by a solution synthesis method from the self-assembly of the lanthanide ions (Ln3+) with the flexible aliphatic dicarboxylate glutaric and the rigid aromatic benzene sulfonic acid. All of them were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray single crystal analyses reveal that they crystallize in monoclinic, space group P2 1/n, possessing 2D net-structures. In addition, the phase purities of the bulk samples were identified by X-ray powder diffraction. The thermogravimetric analysis of 1 and photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated in detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural gas used as reducing medium for conversion catalyst of hydrogen plant is successful in Jingmen Branch, Sinopec. It has high application value as a technological innovation because of its time shorten, cost reduction, fuel and electrical energy saving. The economic benefit is considerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During early adolescence, parental influence diminishes, whereas friends' influence increases in shaping emotion regulation abilities. However, it is unclear how parents and friends jointly contribute to emotion regulation abilities and how their joint effects vary by gender. This study examines fathers, mothers, and friends as simultaneous emotional socializers and considers the young adolescents' gender. The analysis drew on 438 young Chinese adolescents (55.7% girls, Mage = 11.39, SD = 1.28) who participated in a longitudinal survey over one year. Results showed that parental and friend emotion socialization have both distinct and joint effects. Friends' responses provided a unique contribution to emotion regulation abilities across gender, whereas parents' responses displayed unique contributions among girls. In predicting girls' emotion regulation abilities, mothers' supportive responses explained the additional variance beyond friends' responses, whereas fathers' unsupportive responses moderated the predictive power of friends' responses. These findings clarify emotion-related socialization theories and emphasize the importance of gender specific prevention programs focusing on emotion socialization from both parents and friends in early adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of metal and sulfur sources in hydrothermal Sb ore deposits has long been recognized as a challenging task. Stibnite is commonly found as one of the primary ore minerals in most antimony deposits, and it can even occur as the sole ore mineral in some large antimony deposits; therefore, the sulfur isotope composition of stibnite often contains invaluable information for exploring the origin and ore-forming processes of Sb deposits. A well-characterized and matrix-matched material is imperative for conducting in situ S isotope microanalysis. However, the lack of standardized materials for stibnite hinders precise determination of sulfur isotope composition, thereby impeding the application of stibnite sulfur isotopes in deciphering the ore genesis of Sb deposits. The present study recommends the utilization of a natural stibnite (BJ-Snt) as a potential reference material for S isotope analysis employing laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS). The sulfur isotope compositions, backscattered electron (BSE) maps, mineral phases, and elemental compositions were analyzed to evaluate the homogeneity of the stibnite BJ-Snt. The method validation was conducted through comparison of S isotope values obtained by LA-MC-ICP-MS and IRMS, as well as intercomparisons with two other laboratories. The consistent findings have established that BJ-Snt is a suitable standard for bracketing in situ S isotope measurement using LA-MC-ICP-MS, and the recommended δ34S value determined by IRMS was −0.71 ± 0.32‰ (2 s, n = 15). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by a complex set of pathophysiological factors. The genetic factors involved in the occurrence and progress of the disease have been widely discussed by scholars. It was found that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene polymorphisms may be linked to OA susceptibility, which has been controversial and needs to be further confirmed by an updated meta-analysis. Objectives: We examined the association between GDF5 rs143383 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and OA susceptibility. Methods: All relevant articles that met the criteria are retrieved and included, and the search deadline is June 2022. The allele frequencies and different genotype frequencies of GDF5 rs143383 loci in each study were extracted and statistically analyzed by R4.1.3 software, and the different genetic models were analyzed based on their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis explained that GDF5 rs143383 SNP was crucial correlated with OA in all patients with OA of knee, hip and hand. The codominant gene model in the whole crowd (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.27, P < 0.01) enlightened that OA was vitally associated with GDF5 gene polymorphism. At the same time, we did a subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. The codominant gene model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.53, P < 0.01) in Asian population, the codominant homozygote model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.43), codominant heterozygote gene model (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.23, P = 0.02), and dominant gene model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.31, P < 0.01) in Caucasian are analyzed by subgroup analysis. It means that there is a momentous relationship between the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism and OA, especially among Caucasians. In addition, we also discussed different types of OA separately and discover that the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism was relevant for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hand osteoarthritis, and it was more significant in the Caucasian population. But due to the high heterogeneity in hip osteoarthritis, it could not be accurately concluded. Furthermore, we also analyzed the osteoarthritis of different genders and found that the GDF5 rs143383 SNP was associated with both men and women and was still significant in the Caucasian population. Conclusion: We found a close association between osteoarthritis and GDF5rs143383SNP in this study. From the analysis of each group, we got the same conclusion in KOA and hand OA, but which need further verification in hip OA. Considering gender, we found a close relationship between GDF5 rs143383 SNP and OA of the knee, hip and hand, both for men and women. This conclusion is more obvious in Caucasian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband perfect absorbers are of great importance for various applications such as stealth technologies, thermal photovoltaic cells, optical communication, photodetection, and photovoltaic devices. However, they are often made by lithographic techniques with high cost and complexity, which hinders their practical applications. The design of broadband and ultrahigh absorber at low cost and ease in fabrication is still a big challenge in the field of optics. Here, an all‐solution‐processed plasmonic perfect absorber is proposed and demonstrated by incorporating Mxene Ti3C2Tx (Tx = F, O or OH) and gold nanoparticles (NPs) in metal–insulator–metal configuration. The absorption of the designed plasmonic absorber can reach up to 99% with polarization‐ and angle‐independence in a broad range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to near‐infrared region. This ultrahigh and broadband absorbance is attributed to the synergy of plasmon resonance, magnetic resonance, and cavity effect between gold NPs layer and Mxene film, which is further corroborated by simulations of the finite element method for both random and patterned orientation of the gold nanoparticles. The excellent optical property together with the easy fabrication method paves the way for preparing photon‐absorbing nanostructures in photocatalysis and solar photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite much effort, antibody therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have shown limited efficacy. Challenges to the rational design of effective antibodies include the difficulty of achieving specific affinity to critical targets, poor expression, and antibody aggregation caused by buried charges and unstructured loops. To overcome these challenges, we grafted previously determined sequences of fibril-capping amyloid inhibitors onto a camel heavy chain antibody scaffold. These sequences were designed to cap fibrils of tau, known to form the neurofibrillary tangles of AD, thereby preventing fibril elongation. The nanobodies grafted with capping inhibitors blocked tau aggregation in biosensor cells seeded with postmortem brain extracts from AD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. The tau capping nanobody inhibitors also blocked seeding by recombinant tau oligomers. Another challenge to the design of effective antibodies is their poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. In this study, we also designed a bispecific nanobody composed of a nanobody that targets a receptor on the BBB and a tau capping nanobody inhibitor, conjoined by a flexible linker. We provide evidence that the bispecific nanobody improved BBB penetration over the tau capping inhibitor alone after intravenous administration in mice. Our results suggest that the design of synthetic antibodies that target sequences that drive protein aggregation may be a promising approach to inhibit the prion-like seeding of tau and other proteins involved in AD and related proteinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by a complex set of pathophysiological factors. The genetic factors involved in the occurrence and progress of the disease have been widely discussed by scholars. It was found that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene polymorphisms may be linked to OA susceptibility, which has been controversial and needs to be further confirmed by an updated meta-analysis. Objectives: We examined the association between GDF5 rs143383 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and OA susceptibility. Methods: All relevant articles that met the criteria are retrieved and included, and the search deadline is June 2022. The allele frequencies and different genotype frequencies of GDF5 rs143383 loci in each study were extracted and statistically analyzed by R4.1.3 software, and the different genetic models were analyzed based on their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis explained that GDF5 rs143383 SNP was crucial correlated with OA in all patients with OA of knee, hip and hand. The codominant gene model in the whole crowd (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.27, P < 0.01) enlightened that OA was vitally associated with GDF5 gene polymorphism. At the same time, we did a subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. The codominant gene model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.53, P < 0.01) in Asian population, the codominant homozygote model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.43), codominant heterozygote gene model (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.23, P = 0.02), and dominant gene model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.31, P < 0.01) in Caucasian are analyzed by subgroup analysis. It means that there is a momentous relationship between the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism and OA, especially among Caucasians. In addition, we also discussed different types of OA separately and discover that the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism was relevant for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hand osteoarthritis, and it was more significant in the Caucasian population. But due to the high heterogeneity in hip osteoarthritis, it could not be accurately concluded. Furthermore, we also analyzed the osteoarthritis of different genders and found that the GDF5 rs143383 SNP was associated with both men and women and was still significant in the Caucasian population. Conclusion: We found a close association between osteoarthritis and GDF5rs143383SNP in this study. From the analysis of each group, we got the same conclusion in KOA and hand OA, but which need further verification in hip OA. Considering gender, we found a close relationship between GDF5 rs143383 SNP and OA of the knee, hip and hand, both for men and women. This conclusion is more obvious in Caucasian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bufalin, a natural small‐molecule compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Chan su, has shown promising anti‐cancer effects against a broad variety of cancer cells through different mechanisms. It has been reported to induce autophagy in gastric cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which bufalin induce autophagy in human gastric cancer cells. We found that bufalin induced apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer cells, and autophagy prevented human gastric cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Bufalin treatment changed the expression of autophagy‐related proteins. Moreover, phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were all significantly decreased, while phosphorylated ERK1/2 was increased by bufalin. Pretreatment of MGC803 cells with the ERK1/2‐specific inhibitor PD98059 led to the down‐regulation of LC3 II. Further study showed that Cbl‐b positively regulated autophagy by suppressing mTOR and enhancing ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, our data provide evidence that bufalin induces autophagy in MGC803 cells via both Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling pathways, and Cbl‐b‐mediated suppression of mTOR and activation of ERK1/2 might play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has indicated that perceived discrimination has harmful effects on migrant children’s physical, mental and behavioral health. However, little is known as to whether these harmful effects cumulate to impact on migrant children’s personalities. Aims: This study examines the effect of perceived discrimination on personality, as well as the moderating role of parental support in the discrimination–personality linkage. Methods: A purposeful convenience sample of 215 migrant children in Beijing, China, completed a standardized questionnaire. Results: Migrant children experienced a moderate level of perceived discrimination, with Form 8 students experiencing greater discrimination than lower grades and those with lower family incomes also experiencing greater discrimination than those with higher family incomes. Perceived discrimination significantly predicted neuroticism; parental support significantly predicted extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, but the moderating effect of parental support was only marginally significant for the relation between discrimination and conscientiousness. Conclusion: This study underlines the need for researchers and policy makers to pay more attention to the impact of perceived discrimination on migrant children’s personality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maevatanana gold deposit in Madagascar is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks in quartz–sulfide veins that are structurally controlled by NNW–SSE trending shear zones. Fluid inclusion data show that the trapping conditions in quartz range from 0.87 to 2.58 kbar at temperatures of 269–362 °C. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that these inclusions consist of CO 2 , SO 2 , and H 2 O. The δ 34 S values of the pyrites range from 1.7‰ to 3.6‰, with an average of 2.25‰, supporting a magmatic origin. Noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Ke, Xe) are chemically inert, thus will not be involved in chemical reactions during geological processes. Also due to the low concentration of He in the atmosphere and the low solubility of He in aqueous fluids, the atmosphere-derived He is unlikely to significantly affect He abundances and isotopic ratios of crustal fluids, ensures that He production should have the typical crust 3 He/ 4 He ratios. The 3 He/ 4 He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the deposit range from 0.06 to 0.12 Ra, while the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios range from 6631 to 11441. We infer that the ore-forming fluids could have been exsolved from a granitic magma. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids (1.5‰ ≤ δ 18 O H2O ≤ 7.8‰; –72‰ ≤ δD ≤ –117‰) indicate they were derived from a granitic magma. Four pyrite samples from the gold deposit yield a precise Re–Os isochron age of 534 ± 13 Ma. Given that the post-collisional granites in northern and central Madagascar were derived by melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and formed between 537 and 522 Ma, we can state that the gold metallogenesis was coeval with the crystallization age of these parental magmas. These data could be accounted for the formation of the Maevatanana gold deposit. First, the shear zones hosting the deposit formed around 2.5 Ga, when the Madagascan micro-continental blocks collided with other continental blocks, triggering large-scale tectono-magmatic activity and forming NNW–SSE trending shear zones. The gold mineralization at Maevatanana is coeval with the crystallization age of the Cambrian post-collisional A-type granitoid plutons in northern and central Madagascar, implying that this deposit is associated with extensional collapse of the East African Orogen. This extension in turn induced asthenospheric upwelling, melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. These magmas underplated the lower crust, generating voluminous granitic magmas by partial melting of the lower crust. The mixing magma during tectono-thermal reactivation of the East African Orogen produced large volumes of volatiles that extracted gold from the granitic magma and produced Au–S complexes (e.g., Au(HSO 3 ) 2− ). The shear zones, which were then placed under extensional collapse of the East African Orogen in the Cambrian, formed favorable pathways for the magmatic ore-forming fluids. These fluids then precipitated gold-sulfides that form the Maevatanana gold deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon manufacturing is an emerging industrial trend and an important way to achieve sustainable development. As the country with the largest manufacturing scale and carbon dioxide emissions, it is of great practical and theoretical significance to study China's low-carbon manufacturing issues. Based on the ternary analysis perspective of simmelian tie, this paper chooses to identify the influencing factors through the technology-organization-environment research framework, and derives the pathways of low-carbon manufacturing through the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method. The research results show that: (1) Under the low-carbon manufacturing goal, stable industrial chain structure and policy-sensitive are the formation reasons for the simmelian tie. (2) From the perspective of simmelian tie, low-carbon manufacturing will be influenced by the driving role of green technological advances, the supporting role of organizational strategies, and the regulatory role of the policy environment. (3) Manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon pathways are directly related to their industrial chain position. Compared with upstream enterprises, downstream enterprises have more diverse low-carbon manufacturing pathways. (4) Active governmental support can more effectively promote the realization of low-carbon manufacturing than environmental pressure. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unclear. It has been found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800795 locus and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) rs3025058 locus gene polymorphisms may be associated with AIS susceptibility, which has been controversial and needs to be further confirmed by updated meta-analysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of MMP-3 rs3025058 and IL-6 rs1800795 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to AIS. All relevant articles that met the criteria were retrieved and included, and the publication dates were limited from January 2005 to December 2023. The allele frequencies and different genotype frequencies of IL-6 rs1800795 and MMP-3 rs3025058 loci in each study were extracted and statistically analyzed by ReviewManager 5.4 software, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of different genetic models were calculated. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was no significant association between the gene polymorphism of IL-6 rs1800795 locus and the pathogenesis of AIS. The allele 5A and genotype 5A5A of MMP-3 rs3025058 SNP were associated with AIS susceptibility (5A vs. 6A, OR=1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33; 5A5A vs. 6A6A, OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.23-2.21; and 5A5A vs. 5A6A + 6A6A, OR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.19-1.99). Results of subgroup analysis revealed that the allele 5A and genotype 5A5A of MMP-3 rs3025058 SNP were associated with AIS susceptibility in the Caucasian population, and the susceptibility of AIS was associated with the genotype 5A5A of MMP-3 rs3025058 SNP in an Asian population. There was no significant association between the gene polymorphism of IL-6 rs1800795 locus and the pathogenesis of AIS, while the allele 5A of MMP-3 rs3025058 locus was associated with the susceptibility to AIS, especially in the Caucasian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migmatites represent the dominant lithological facies in the Maevatanana area of Madagascar. The migmatites are composite rocks with hybrid metamorphic and magmatic features, comprising 60% melanosome bands that are interlayered and/or tectonically interleaved with 40% of centimeter-to decimeter-scale quartz–feldspar leucosome veins. The leucosome and granite veins are bordered by a series of gently dipping shear zones in the migmatites. U–Pb zircon dating shows that the leucosome veins formed at 2548.3 ± 5.3 Ma and are coeval with intrusion of the granite veins at 2552.2 ± 6.1 Ma. Furthermore, the leucosome and granite veins have uniform chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns which are characterized by light REE enrichment relative to heavy REE, and negative or slightly positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.61–1.13). Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the leucosome and granite veins are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (Ba and K) and show pronounced depletions in high-field strength elements (Th, U, Ta, Nb, Zr, Hf, and Ti), suggesting that the leucosome and granite veins in the migmatites are syntectonic and synigneous intrusives. Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the leucosome veins and melanosome bands in the migmatites are similar and suggest that the granite veins in the migmatites were generated by partial melting of medium-to high-K metabasalt, whereas the melanosome bands originated through metamorphism of calc-alkaline basalts. As such, the leucosome veins were likely generated by partial melting of melanosome bands in the migmatites. Calculated zircon saturation temperatures (T Zr ) of the leucosome veins are 599–685 °C, which represents the magma crystallization temperatures, and the pressures of magma formation range from 1.2 to 3.2 GPa. These P–T estimates for magma formation and crystallization are consistent with those of 605–658 °C and 1.22–1.43 GPa for metamorphism of the melanosome bands in the migmatites, suggesting that the leucosome veins in the migmatites were formed during peak metamorphism of the melanosome bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined Chinese American immigrant couples' marriage conflict, and the relations among socioeconomic incorporation, marital conflict, and their school-age children's behavior problems. A total of 230 parents (81 % mothers, 19 % fathers) as the participating parent provided demographic and background information, rated their own marital conflict and their children's behavioral problems. Findings indicated that: (a) the score of Chinese American immigrant couples' marital conflict was low, child exposure to conflict was much lower than frequency of marital conflict; (b) marital conflict mediated the relation between socioeconomic incorporation and children's behavioral problems. We found that frequency of marital conflict partially mediated the relationship between maternal education level and children's internalizing problems; it also totally mediated the relationship between maternal education level and children's externalizing problems; child exposure to conflict totally mediated the relationship between family estimated per capita income and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. The results promote understanding of family processes that influence the relationships between family socioeconomic incorporation, marital conflict, and children's behavioral problems among Chinese American immigrant families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magmatic zircon ages for the Maevatanana basalts in Madagascar indicate that Madagascar separated from Africa at 149.8 ± 2.1 Ma. Rocks produced by this basaltic magmatism associated with rifting are characterized by low SiO 2 (49.6–50.3 wt.%), high total FeO (>13.9 wt.%), TiO 2 (>3.7 wt.%), and P 2 O 5 (>0.5 wt.%), and extremely high Na 2 O/K 2 O (3.08–3.27). Geochemical variations can be ascribed to significant fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Maevatanana basalts suggest affinities with calc-alkaline basalt. Additionally the basalts have distinct ocean-island-basalt-like geochemical features that may be related to the Marion plume. We speculate that the Maevatanana basalts are the product of the Marion mantle plume related to separation of Madagascar from Africa in the Late Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The tourmalines in Longmenshan are divided into two types, compositionally belongs to alkali group and schorl-dravite solid solution series. • The δ11B of the Tur-I tourmalines indicate the fluids that are responsible for the formation of tourmalines were derived mostly from the granitic magmas with little exotic oxide fluids involved. • The large range of B isotope variation indicates that the Tur-II tourmaline are more obviously affected by fluid activity. Tourmaline is a common mineral in rocks. It can record geological information during its formation and is a geochemical tracer. Its in-situ element and boron isotope tests provide a broader application perspective. Therefore, the chemical and boron isotope characteristics of tourmaline can be used to trace the mineralization of pegmatite-type rare metals. West Kunlun is an important Li-Be metallogenic belt, and many important Li-Be deposits have been developed. Longmenshan is one of the recently discovered pegmatite-type Li-Be deposits in the Dahongliutan area. There are barren and spodumene-bearing pegmatites that all contain tourmaline in Longmenshan. According to their occurrence, crystal form, and chemical composition, the tourmalines in Longmenshan are divided into two types: Tur-I tourmaline in the barren pegmatite close to the granite and Tur-II tourmaline from the spodumene-bearing pegmatite. Compositionally belongs to the alkali group and schorl-dravite solid solution series, with Tur-I being mainly schorl and Tur-II being schorl-dravite. Tur-I tourmalines are rich in Li, Sn, V, Cr, Zn, and Mn, while Tur-II tourmalines are rich in Be, Sr, and Sc. The δ11B of the Tur-I tourmalines hosted in the barren pegmatite and Tur-II from the spodumene-bearing pegmatite ranges from −8.38‰ to −6.81‰ and from −10.00‰ to −6.41‰, respectively. These characteristics indicate that the formation fluid of tourmaline in Longmenshan is mainly derived from magma, and other fluids are rarely involved. The large range of B isotope variation indicates that the Tur-II tourmalines are more obviously affected by fluid activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Photovoltaic industry promotes the transformation of China's energy structure to green and low-carbon, which is of great significance to achieve the goal of "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality." At present, the industry is mainly faced with problems such as the drastic reduction of government subsidies and the difficulty of financing. From the perspective of independent auditing, our paper takes 54 A-share listed photovoltaic companies in China from 2011 to 2020 as the research object to study the impact of audit quality on financing efficiency, and the role of agency costs in the relationship between audit quality and financing efficiency.The results show that audit quality is positively related to financing efficiency. For every 1% increase in audit quality, the financing efficiency will increase by 13%. In addition, agency cost plays an intermediary role between audit quality and financing efficiency. For every 1% increase in audit quality, agency cost can be reduced by 34% and financing efficiency can be increased by 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two supramolecular complexes: [Co(2,6-PDC)(Hdmpz)3]·H2O (1) and [Zn(2,6-PDC)(Hdmpz)2] (2) {2,6-PDC=pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, Hdmpz=3,5-dimethylpyrazol}, self-assembles via O–H⋯O and N–H⋯O hydrogen bondings into supramolecular networks, which are characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both of them consist of two-dimensional networks that are stacked together by typical hydrogen bonding interactions (i.e. O–H⋯O and N–H⋯O), which often play important roles in the formation of low-dimensional into high-dimensional supramolecular networks. In addition, quantum chemistry calculations and surface photovoltage spectroscopy are performed firstly with the complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted from canines to humans and livestock. Periodic deworming is recommended by the WHO/OIE as a highly effective measure against echinococcosis. However, manual deworming involves significant challenges, particularly in remote areas with scarce resources. The insufficient awareness delivering praziquantel (PZQ) baits for dogs leads to low compliance rate. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a novel smart collar for dogs to address these challenges. We developed a smart Internet of Things (IoT)-based deworming collar which can deliver PZQ baits for dogs automatically, regularly, quantitatively with predominant characteristics of being waterproof, anti-collision, cold-proof and long life battery. Its performance was tested in two remote locations on the Tibetan Plateau. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the compliance of the dog owners. Further, a randomized controlled study was performed to evaluate the difference between smart-collar deworming and manual deworming. The collar's effectiveness was further assessed on the basis of Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). The testing and evaluation was done for 10 smart deworming collars in factory laboratory, 18 collars attached for 18 dogs in Seni district, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and 523 collars attached for 523 dogs in Hezuo city, Gansu province, China. The anti-collision, waterproof, and coldproof proportion of the smart collars were 100.0%, 99.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. When compared to manual deworming, the dogs' risk of infection with Echinococcus on smart-collar deworming is down to 0.182 times (95% CI: 0.049, 0.684) in Seni district and 0.355 (95%CI: 0.178, 0.706) in Hezuo city, the smart collar has a significant protective effect. The owners' overall compliance rate to attach the smart collars for their dogs was 89%. The smart deworming collar could effectively reduce the dogs' risk of infection with Echinococcus in dogs, significantly increase the deworming frequency and coverage and rapidly remove worm biomass in dogs. Thus, it may be a promising alternative to manual deworming, particularly in remote areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Author summary: Echinococcosis remains a critical but neglected zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted between canines and livestock or wild rodents. Dogs play a key role in Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and E. multilocularis transmission, dual infection also occurs in dogs in co-endemic regions in China. The initial egg-production phase occurs over a span of 34–58 days (E. granulosus) or 28–35 days (E. multilocularis) following infection. The free-living eggs, voided with faeces of the definitive host, can withstand extreme weather conditions and remain viable for 240 days (E. granulosus) or 41 months (E. multilocularis) in the environment. Removal or reduction of the worm biomass in dogs will have the greatest and fastest effect in terms of reducing active transmission. In China, although significant efforts have been expended to achieve monthly manual deworming, the actual frequency and coverage thereof remain low; therefore, Echinococcus spp. is still highly prevalent among dogs. Moreover, echinococcosis transmission is still rampant, as the heavy disease burden suggests. We propose a novel, smart, Internet of Things (IoT)-based deworming tool that can deliver PZQ baits to dogs regularly and automatically. It could increase the deworming frequency and coverage significantly, reduce the risk of infection by down to 0.182–0.355 times, and prevent canine infections by removing the worm biomass in dogs rapidly. This deworming collar could also potentially prevent the transmission of echinococcosis from dogs to humans and livestock completely. It may be an excellent alternative to existing manual deworming methods, and the difficulties associated with performing deworming in remote areas with scarce resources can be overcome. Since the discovery of PZQ as the most effective antiworm drug, few breakthroughs have been achieved in terms of novel tools and technologies for the control of echinococcosis. Over the last 50 years, echinococcosis control measures have lagged to keep up with the World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for the elimination of the disease owing to the practical difficulties in remote areas with scarce resources as well as the lack of promotion of new technologies. We expect the proposed smart deworming collar to herald the development of more innovative technologies for controlling echinococcosis by accelerating the elimination of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a typical type of RCC with the worst prognosis among the common epithelial neoplasms of the kidney. However, its molecular pathogenesis remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen for effective and potential pathogenic biomarkers of CCRCC. The gene expression profile of the GSE16441, GSE36895, GSE40435, GSE46699, GSE66270 and GSE71963 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, the limma package in R language was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset. The robust and strong DEGs were explored using the robust rank aggregation method. A total of 980 markedly robust DEGs were identified (429 upregulated and 551 downregulated). According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, these DEGs exhibited an obvious enrichment in various cancer-related biological pathways and functions. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database was used for the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the Cytoscape MCODE plug-in for module analysis and the cytoHubba plug-in to identify hub genes from the aforementioned DEGs. A total of four key modules were identified in the PPI network. A total of six hub genes, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, bradykinin receptor B2, adenylate cyclase 7, calcium sensing receptor (CASR), kininogen 1 and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5, were identified. The DEG results of the hub genes were verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and CASR was found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with CCRCC. In conclusion, the present study provided new insight and potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CCRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single‐site catalyst (SSC) characteristic of atomically dispersed active centers will not only maximize the catalytic activity, but also provide a promising platform for establishing the structure–activity relationship. However, arbitrary arrangements of active sites in the existed SSCs make it difficult for mechanism understanding and performance optimization. Now, a well‐defined ultrathin SSC is fabricated by assembly of metal‐porphyrin molecules, which enables the precise identification of the active sites for d‐orbital energy engineering. The activity of as‐assembled products for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is significantly promoted via lifting up the energy level of metal dz2 orbitals, exhibiting a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 96 % at the overpotential of 500 mV. Furthermore, a turnover frequency of 4.21 s−1 is achieved with negligible decay over 48 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single‐site catalyst (SSC) characteristic of atomically dispersed active centers will not only maximize the catalytic activity, but also provide a promising platform for establishing the structure–activity relationship. However, arbitrary arrangements of active sites in the existed SSCs make it difficult for mechanism understanding and performance optimization. Now, a well‐defined ultrathin SSC is fabricated by assembly of metal‐porphyrin molecules, which enables the precise identification of the active sites for d‐orbital energy engineering. The activity of as‐assembled products for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is significantly promoted via lifting up the energy level of metal dz2 orbitals, exhibiting a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 96 % at the overpotential of 500 mV. Furthermore, a turnover frequency of 4.21 s−1 is achieved with negligible decay over 48 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetism of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) induced by 70 keV 12C+ ion implantation was investigated by using electron spin resonance (ESR) and theoretical simulations of the electronic structure of defective graphite using spin-polarized density functional theory. The results indicate that defects produced by 12C+ ion implantation can induce magnetic moments which are localized since a L1 line is observed at a fixed resonance field, independent of the angle between the field and the c axis of the HOPG sample. The angle and temperature dependence of the ESR spectra indicates that extrinsic carriers are induced in the implanted layer, and they may have an exchange interaction with local spins to produce a single asymmetric L1 line of the implanted sample. The consistent results given by the ESR spectra and the theoretical simulations of the electronic structure of defective graphite provide a clear explanation for the magnetic order in 12C+ ion-implanted HOPG. The defects produced by the implantation induce local magnetic moments in the sample. Due to the interaction between the local spins and the extrinsic carriers, the local magnetic moments may be coupled through the mediation of itinerant carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is well known that the amazing iridescent colors of the cuticle of beetles reflect the intricate nanoscale organization of bio‐fibers, artificial inorganic materials with comparable optical responses have not yet been synthesized from abiotic nanoscale building blocks. Such materials could find broad applications, including in circular polarizers, to generate circularly polarized luminescence, or in lasers. Herein, we describe a general method for the fabrication of biomimetic chiral photonic crystals by Langmuir–Schaefer assembly of colloidal inorganic nanowires. We not only reproduced the intricate helical structure and circularly polarized color reflection observed in beetles, but also achieved the highest chiroptical activity with a dissymmetry factor of −1.6 ever reported for chiral inorganic nanostructures. More importantly, the programmable structural control based on the precise interlayer arrangement endows us with unprecedented freedom to manipulate the optical activity of as‐fabricated chiral photonic crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is well known that the amazing iridescent colors of the cuticle of beetles reflect the intricate nanoscale organization of bio‐fibers, artificial inorganic materials with comparable optical responses have not yet been synthesized from abiotic nanoscale building blocks. Such materials could find broad applications, including in circular polarizers, to generate circularly polarized luminescence, or in lasers. Herein, we describe a general method for the fabrication of biomimetic chiral photonic crystals by Langmuir–Schaefer assembly of colloidal inorganic nanowires. We not only reproduced the intricate helical structure and circularly polarized color reflection observed in beetles, but also achieved the highest chiroptical activity with a dissymmetry factor of −1.6 ever reported for chiral inorganic nanostructures. More importantly, the programmable structural control based on the precise interlayer arrangement endows us with unprecedented freedom to manipulate the optical activity of as‐fabricated chiral photonic crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional intelligence has been conceptualized as a constellation of emotional perceptions (trait emotional intelligence) or a set of skills to process emotional-related information (ability emotional intelligence). It has been found that trait emotional intelligence is a more powerful predictor of subjective well-being than is ability emotional intelligence. Although the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and well-being has been well-documented, empirical studies exploring the processes underlying this association are still limited. The present study proposed humor styles as one of the mechanisms that may help explain the relation between trait emotional intelligence and subjective well-being (indexed by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). A total of 462 Chinese college students completed paper-and-pencil measures of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale. The structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the positive influences of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction and positive affect were partially explained by students' tendency to use self-enhancing humor. Meanwhile, the negative relation between emotional intelligence and negative affect was partially explained by their tendency to use self-defeating humor. These results suggest that humor styles represent one of the mechanisms linking emotional intelligence and subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of ancient continental blocks in the Tibetan plateau and their paleogeographic locations in the Rodinia supercontinent remain enigmatic. Here, we report the early Cryogenian metamorphic magmatic rocks (including amphibolites and granitic gneisses) from the North Lhasa terrane of the central Tibetan Plateau. The amphibolites (ca. 822 Ma) are tholeiitic and exhibit both MORB- (e.g., flat patterns of rare-earth and high field strength elements) and arc-like (e.g., elevated Th/Yb tatios) geochemical affinities. In combination with high positive zircon ε Hf (t) (+6.9 to +12.4) and whole-rock ε Nd (t) (+4.4 to +10.4) and low zircon δ 18 O (4.87 to 5.81‰) values, their geochemical data indicate a depleted mantle source affected by subduction components. The granitic gneisses (ca. 810 and 806 Ma) are A 2 -type granitoids and have relatively lower zircon ε Hf (t) (+4.7 to +6.9) and whole-rock ε Nd (t) (+3.5) and higher zircon δ 18 O (5.44–8.08‰) values. Their protoliths were probably generated by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal rocks. The amphibolites and granitic gneisses are geochemically distinct from the Cryogenian rift-related magmatic rocks in the interior of the Rodinia supercontinent but similar to the coeval back-arc magmatic rocks at the northwestern edge of the Rodinia supercontinent, thus providing new constraints on the early Cryogenian paleogeographic location of the North Lhasa terrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the North Lhasa terrane in Tibet remains enigmatic. Our study reports the first evidence for Ediacaran magmatic rocks, including gabbros (ca. 572 Ma), tonalites (ca. 568 Ma), and rhyolites (ca. 547–541 Ma), in the North Lhasa terrane, Tibet. Gabbros are calc–alkaline and exhibit arc-like (e.g., enrichments of Rb and Pb and depletions of Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) geochemical affinities. These gabbros have variable zircon ε Hf (t) values (−5.5 to +0.9) and they are probably derived from partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle source triggered by a subduction event. Tonalites are high-K calc–alkaline and exhibit negative zircon ε Hf (t) values (−9.1 to −0.8). They can be attributed to partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust with minor mantle-derived component. Rhyolites have negative zircon ε Hf (t) values (−6.1 to −1.2) and they were probably products of partial melting of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. These Ediacaran magmatic rocks were interpreted as a result of the Andean-type subduction along the Gondwanan Proto-Tethyan margin. Coeval Andean-type magmatism has been documented along the northern Arabian margin but absent in the northern India or Australia. Integrating previous studies with the data presented in this contribution, we suggest that the North Lhasa terrane was most likely located in the transitional area between the Arabian and Indian–Australian proto-Tethyan margins in the Ediacaran and it originated from the northern segment of the East African orogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into ordered structures is of interest in both science and technology because it is expected to generate new properties through collective behavior; however, such nanoparticle assemblies with characteristics distinct from those of individual building blocks are rare. Herein we use atomically precise Au clusters to make ordered assemblies with emerging optical activity. Chiral Au clusters with strong circular dichroism (CD) but free of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are synthesized and organized into uniform body-centered cubic (BCC) packing nanocubes. Once the ordered structure is formed, the CD intensity is significantly enhanced and a remarkable CPL response appears. Both experiment and theory calculation disclose that the CPL originates from restricted intramolecular rotation and the ordered stacking of the chiral stabilizers, which are fastened in the crystalline lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into ordered structures is of interest in both science and technology because it is expected to generate new properties through collective behavior; however, such nanoparticle assemblies with characteristics distinct from those of individual building blocks are rare. Herein we use atomically precise Au clusters to make ordered assemblies with emerging optical activity. Chiral Au clusters with strong circular dichroism (CD) but free of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are synthesized and organized into uniform body-centered cubic (BCC) packing nanocubes. Once the ordered structure is formed, the CD intensity is significantly enhanced and a remarkable CPL response appears. Both experiment and theory calculation disclose that the CPL originates from restricted intramolecular rotation and the ordered stacking of the chiral stabilizers, which are fastened in the crystalline lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an important drug target for inflammatory diseases. Previously, we identified a series of novel PDE4 inhibitors derived from the natural Toddacoumalone, among which the hit compound 2 with a naphthyridine scaffold showed moderate potency with the IC 50 value of 400 nM. Based on the co-crystal structure of PDE4D- 2 , further structural optimizations and structure–activity relationship studies led to a highly potent PDE4 inhibitor 23a with the IC 50 value of 0.25 nM and excellent selectivity profiles over other PDEs (>4000-fold). The co-crystal structure of PDE4D- 23a elucidated that 23a has strong interactions with the M and Q pocket of PDE4D. Importantly, compound 23a significantly inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF- α and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, compound 23a with a naphthyridine scaffold is a promising PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the diurnal variation in soil respiration under different land use types on Taihang Mountain, North China, and to understand its response to environmental factors (e.g., soil temperature and moisture) and forest management. Diurnal variations in soil respiration from plantations ( Robinia pseudoacacia, Punica granatum , and Ziziphus jujuba ), naturally regenerated forests ( Vitex negundo var. heterophylla ), grasslands ( Bothriochloa ischaemum ), and farmlands (winter wheat/summer maize) were measured using an LI-8100 automated soil CO 2 flux system from May 2012 to April 2013. The results indicated that land use type had a significant effect on the diurnal variation of soil respiration. The diurnal soil respiration from farmlands was highest, followed by Ziziphus jujube, R. pseudoacacia, P. granatum , the lower soil CO 2 efflux was found from B. ischaemum and V. negundo var. heterophylla . The diurnal soil respiration across different land use types was significantly affected by soil temperature and moisture, and their interaction. Precipitation-stimulated soil respiration increased more in soil with low water content and less in soil with high water content. The lower diurnal soil respiration from naturally regenerated forests suggests that naturally regenerated vegetation is the optimal vegetation type for reducing global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]