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The current strategies for the treatment of vitiligo using phototherapy usually involve treatment for two-three times per week; however, in practice, the number of patient sessions does not meet this standard. The present study found that phototherapy once a week was also effective. The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of weekly light therapy. For this purpose, 296 patients with vitiligo were included and divided into five sub-samples of the neck, face, trunk, extremities and scalp according to the site of phototherapy, and were treated once or twice weekly with phototherapy. The difference in efficacy between phototherapy performed once and twice weekly was observed using a Chi-squared test. It was concluded that there was a minimal difference between phototherapy performed twice weekly compared to once weekly for the treatment of vitiligo on the face, neck, torso, limbs and scalp. Thus, phototherapy once a week is valid for the treatment of vitiligo, although weekly light therapy takes longer to restore color for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they no competing interests., (Copyright: © Wang et al.)

Objective To analyze the radiological features of idiopathic pediatric meningiomas and explore their relationships with pathological grading,misdiagnoses,and blood loss during surgery.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 29 cases of pathologically confirmed pediatric meningiomas with pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from November 2014 to July 2018.We assessed the imaging features to explore their relationships with pathological grading,misdiagnoses,and blood loss during surgery. Results Among the 29 cases,7 intraparenchymal meningiomas,5 extraparenchymal meningiomas,4 ventricular meningiomas,and 1 transcranial meningioma were misdiagnosed.Tumor location was significantly associated with possibility of misdiagnoses( P =0.021),and intraparenchymal tumors were most likely to be misdiagnosed.Twelve patients had positive dural tail sign,and 4 of them were misdiagnosed;16 patients did not have dural tail sign,and 12 of them were misdiagnosed.Fisher exact test showed that positive dural tail sign was associated with decreased possibility of misdiagnoses(one-sided P =0.034).Univariable regression analysis showed that the feature of tumor surrounding arteries or interfering with veins( P =0.020)and the tumor maximum diameter( P =0.001)had positively linear relationships with blood loss volume during surgery.Combining these two variables,the multivariable regression model showed better fitting performance($R_{ad}^2$=0.468).Conclusions Pediatric meningiomas are extremely rare,with scarce radiological characteristics.They are hard to diagnose,and the intraparenchymal meningiomas are very likely to be misdiagnosed and therefore should be treated with extra caution.Among all the radiological features,tumor surrounding arteries or interfering with veins and tumor maximum diameter were associated with increased blood loss during surgery.

Objective: To study clinical and imaging features of hypothalamic hamartoma in children., Methods: Imaging findings and clinical manifestations of 38 children with hypothalamic hamartomas were retrospectively reviewed. The patients included 25 boys and 13 girls, ranging in age of onset from 1 month to 15 years. All the 38 patients were examined with pre-contrast and post-contrast T1 weighted MR imaging and with non-contrast T2 weighted MR imaging. Meanwhile, 10 patients received CT scan. Hypothalamic hamartomas were confimed by pathologic examinations in the 38 patients., Results: Gelastic epilepsy, precocious puberty, other types of epilepsy and disturbance of intelligence were main manifestations in the 38 patients. Gelastic epilepsy was found as an initial clinical symptom in 17 cases, precocious puberty in 13 cases and other types of epilepsy in 8 cases. All masses were located in the suprasellar and interpeduncular cistern. They showed iso-density on CT scan, and homogeneous signal iso-intense to gray matter on T1 and T2 weighted MR images. With contrast MR images, there was no enhancement in the mass. The size or pedunculation of the mass was not correlated with clinical features., Conclusions: Hypothalamic hamartoma may be characterized by precocious puberty and/or gelastic epilepsy and specific imaging findings mentioned above.

Objective: To study the clinical value of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in differential diagnosis of brain low-grade gliomas and demyelinating diseases., Methods: 1H-MRS was performed in 24 patients with low-grade gliomas and 22 patients with demyelinating diseases and the results were retrospectively reviewed. The metabolites including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) were detected in different areas including lesions and the normal brain. The ratios of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr were also computed., Results: Compared with the normal brain tissue, low-grade gliomas and demyelinating diseases had significantly different ratios of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr (P < 0.05). The ratios of NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr were significantly different between low-grade gliomas and demyelinating diseases (P < 0.05), while the ratio of NAA/Cr was not significantly different (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The ratio of NAA/Cho and Cho/Cr is remarkably different between low-grade gliomas and demyelinating diseases. It can a useful indicator for differential diagnosis of these two diseases by 1H-MRS.

Objective: To provide reference data for enacting and revising the laws and regulations of the disability expertise., Methods: The epidemiological features of the disabled caused by road traffic accident in Shanghai during 2005 were retrospectively analyzed., Results: The most common injuries were in extremities (53.3%), followed by head (23.3%), spine (9.7%), thorax (5.8%), and abdomen (4.4%). The cumulative incidence rate of disability due to traffic injuries was 414.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, higher for men (505.7/100,000) than women (318.7/100,000). The highest incidence rate of disability was between age 35 and 59 (538.2/100,000). The most disabled was bicyclist, followed by pedestrian., Conclusion: The incidence rate of disability among 35-59 age group was the highest in Shanghai during 2005. It has resulted in loss of labor force with a negative effect on the economic development.