Search

Your search keyword '"Howell, Eric C."' showing total 4 results
Start Over Author "Howell, Eric C."
4 results on '"Howell, Eric C."'

1. Impurity radiation seeding of neoclassical tearing mode growth

Author

Zeng, Shiyong, Zhu, Ping, and Howell, Eric C.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, 76W05 (Primary), J.2
Abstract

The physics of neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) is of great concern to the tokamak plasma stability and performance, especially in the burning plasma regime. Whereas a great deal about the different seeding mechanisms have been understood, and in many situations the seed event can be clearly identified, the potential seeding process of NTM due to the resistive tearing instability driven by the impurity radiation cooling still needs more studies. Recent NIMROD simulations have demonstrated that the local impurity radiation cooling can drive the seed island growth and trigger the subsequent onset of neoclassical tearing mode instability. The seed island is mainly driven by the local helical perturbation of the diamagnetic current induced by the perturbed pressure gradient as a result of the impurity radiative cooling on the rational surface. A heuristic closure for the neoclassical viscosity is adopted, and the seed island is further driven by the perturbed bootstrap current induced from the neoclassical electron viscous stress in the extended Ohm's law. The growth rate of the NTM in simulations is found proportional to the electron neoclassical viscosity, and a theoretical neoclassical driving term is adopted to account for the nonlinear neoclassical island growth in the simulations., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

3. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: Ready for Routine Clinical Use? An International Perspective

Author

Ronco, Claudio, Legrand, Matthieu, Goldstein, Stuart L, Hur, Mina, Tran, Nam, Howell, Eric C, Cantaluppi, Vincenzo, Cruz, Dinna N, Damman, Kevin, Bagshaw, Sean M, Di Somma, Salvatore, and Lewington, Andrew

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Acute Kidney Injury, Acute-Phase Proteins, Age Factors, Biomarkers, Burns, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Critical Illness, Graft Survival, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Lipocalin-2, Lipocalins, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Renal Replacement Therapy, Resuscitation, Sepsis, Treatment Outcome, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney disease, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a challenge in terms of diagnosis and classification, its morbidity and mortality remaining high in the face of improving clinical protocols. Current clinical criteria use serum creatinine (sCr) and urine output to classify patients. Ongoing research has identified novel biomarkers that may improve the speed and accuracy of patient evaluation and prognostication, yet the route from basic science to clinical practice remains poorly paved. International evidence supporting the use of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a valuable biomarker of AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) for a number of clinical scenarios was presented at the 31st International Vicenza Course on Critical Care Nephrology, and these data are detailed in this review. NGAL was shown to be highly useful alongside sCr, urinary output, and other biomarkers in assessing kidney injury; in patient stratification and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) selection in paediatric AKI; in assessing kidney injury in conjunction with sCr in sepsis; in guiding resuscitation protocols in conjunction with brain natriuretic peptide in burn patients; as an early biomarker of delayed graft function and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity in kidney transplantation from extended criteria donors; as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease and heart failure, and in guiding CRRT selection in the intensive care unit and emergency department. While some applications require further clarification by way of larger randomised controlled trials, NGAL nevertheless demonstrates promise as an independent biological marker with the potential to improve earlier diagnosis and better assessment of risk groups in AKI and CKD. This is a critical element in formulating quick and accurate decisions for individual patients, both in acute scenarios and in long-term care, in order to improve patient prognostics and outcomes.

Published
2014

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results