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1. Integrated Guidance for Enhancing the Care of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Australia.

Author

Hamilton-Craig I., Pang J., Ademi Z., Ardill J.J., Barnett W., Bates T.R., Beilin L.J., Bishop W., Black J.A., Brett P., Brown A., Burnett J.R., Bursill C.A., Colley A., Clifton P.M., Ekinci E.I., Elias L., Figtree G.A., Forge B.H., Garton-Smith J., Graham D.F., Hamilton-Craig C.R., Heal C., Hespe C.M., Hooper A.J., Howes L.G., Ingles J., Irvin J., Janus E.D., Kangaharan N., Keech A.C., Kirke A.B., Kritharides L., Kyle C.V., Lacaze P., Lambert K., Li S.C.H., Malan W., Maticevic S., McQuillan B.M., Mirzaee S., Mori T.A., Morton A.C., Colquhoun D.M., Moullin J.C., Nestel P.J., Nowak K.J., O'Brien R.C., Pachter N., Page M.M., Pedrotti A., Psaltis P.J., Radford J., Reid N.J., Robertson E.N., Ryan J.D.M., Sarkies M.N., Schultz C.J., Scott R.S., Semsarian C., Simons L.A., Spinks C., Tonkin A.M., van Bockxmeer F., Waddell-Smith K.E., Ward N.C., White H.D., Wilson A.M., Winship I., Woodward A.M., Nicholls S.J., Watts G.F., Sullivan D.R., Hare D.L., Kostner K.M., Horton A.E., Bell D.A., Brett T., Trent R.J., Poplawski N.K., Martin A.C., Srinivasan S., Justo R.N., Chow C.K., Hamilton-Craig I., Pang J., Ademi Z., Ardill J.J., Barnett W., Bates T.R., Beilin L.J., Bishop W., Black J.A., Brett P., Brown A., Burnett J.R., Bursill C.A., Colley A., Clifton P.M., Ekinci E.I., Elias L., Figtree G.A., Forge B.H., Garton-Smith J., Graham D.F., Hamilton-Craig C.R., Heal C., Hespe C.M., Hooper A.J., Howes L.G., Ingles J., Irvin J., Janus E.D., Kangaharan N., Keech A.C., Kirke A.B., Kritharides L., Kyle C.V., Lacaze P., Lambert K., Li S.C.H., Malan W., Maticevic S., McQuillan B.M., Mirzaee S., Mori T.A., Morton A.C., Colquhoun D.M., Moullin J.C., Nestel P.J., Nowak K.J., O'Brien R.C., Pachter N., Page M.M., Pedrotti A., Psaltis P.J., Radford J., Reid N.J., Robertson E.N., Ryan J.D.M., Sarkies M.N., Schultz C.J., Scott R.S., Semsarian C., Simons L.A., Spinks C., Tonkin A.M., van Bockxmeer F., Waddell-Smith K.E., Ward N.C., White H.D., Wilson A.M., Winship I., Woodward A.M., Nicholls S.J., Watts G.F., Sullivan D.R., Hare D.L., Kostner K.M., Horton A.E., Bell D.A., Brett T., Trent R.J., Poplawski N.K., Martin A.C., Srinivasan S., Justo R.N., and Chow C.K.

Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a dominant and highly penetrant monogenic disorder present from birth that markedly elevates plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration and, if untreated, leads to premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). There are approximately 100,000 people with FH in Australia. However, an overwhelming majority of those affected remain undetected and inadequately treated, consistent with FH being a leading challenge for public health genomics. To further address the unmet need, we provide an updated guidance, presented as a series of systematically collated recommendations, on the care of patients and families with FH. These recommendations have been informed by an exponential growth in published works and new evidence over the last 5 years and are compatible with a contemporary global call to action on FH. Recommendations are given on the detection, diagnosis, assessment and management of FH in adults and children. Recommendations are also made on genetic testing and risk notification of biological relatives who should undergo cascade testing for FH. Guidance on management is based on the concepts of risk re-stratification, adherence to heart healthy lifestyles, treatment of non-cholesterol risk factors, and safe and appropriate use of LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and lipoprotein apheresis. Broad recommendations are also provided for the organisation and development of health care services. Recommendations on best practice need to be underpinned by good clinical judgment and shared decision making with patients and families. Models of care for FH need to be adapted to local and regional health care needs and available resources. A comprehensive and realistic implementation strategy, informed by further research, including assessments of cost-benefit, will be required to ensure that this new guidance benefits

Published
2021

2. Synopsis of an integrated guidance for enhancing the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia: an Australian perspective

Author

Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R, Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton-Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton-Craig, I., Hamilton-Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Li, S.C.H., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Scott, R.S., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell-Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., Nicholls, S.J., Brett, P., Elias, L., Malan, W., Irvin, J., Lambert, K., Pedrotti, A., Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R, Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton-Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton-Craig, I., Hamilton-Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Li, S.C.H., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Scott, R.S., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell-Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., Nicholls, S.J., Brett, P., Elias, L., Malan, W., Irvin, J., Lambert, K., and Pedrotti, A.

Abstract

Introduction Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common, heritable and preventable cause of premature coronary artery disease, with significant potential for positive impact on public health and healthcare savings. New clinical practice recommendations are presented in an abridged guidance to assist practitioners in enhancing the care of all patients with FH. Main recommendations Core recommendations are made on the detection, diagnosis, assessment and management of adults, children and adolescents with FH. There is a key role for general practitioners (GPs) working in collaboration with specialists with expertise in lipidology. Advice is given on genetic and cholesterol testing and risk notification of biological relatives undergoing cascade testing for FH; all healthcare professionals should develop skills in genomic medicine. Management is under-pinned by the precepts of risk stratification, adherence to healthy lifestyles, treatment of non-cholesterol risk factors, and appropriate use of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol lowering therapies, including statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Recommendations on service design are provided in the full guidance. Potential impact on care of FH These recommendations need to be utilised using judicious clinical judgement and shared decision making with patients and families. Models of care need to be adapted to both local and regional needs and resources. In Australia new government funded schemes for genetic testing and use of PCSK9 inhibitors, as well as the National Health Genomics Policy Framework, will enable adoption of these recommendations. A broad implementation science strategy is, however, required to ensure that the guidance translates into benefit for all families with FH.

Published
2021

3. Essentials of a new clinical practice guidance on familial hypercholesterolaemia for physicians

Author

Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R., Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton‐Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton‐Craig, I., Hamilton‐Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Li, S.C.H., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell‐Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., Nicholls, S.J., Elias, L., Malan, W., Irvin, J., Lambert, K., Pedrotti, A., Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R., Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton‐Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton‐Craig, I., Hamilton‐Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Li, S.C.H., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell‐Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., Nicholls, S.J., Elias, L., Malan, W., Irvin, J., Lambert, K., and Pedrotti, A.

Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common, heritable and preventable cause of premature coronary artery disease. New clinical practice recommendations are presented to assist practitioners in enhancing the care of all patients with FH. Core recommendations are made on the detection, diagnosis, assessment and management of adults, children and adolescents with FH. Management is under-pinned by the precepts of risk stratification, adherence to healthy lifestyles, treatment of non-cholesterol risk factors and appropriate use of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol-lowering therapies including statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. The recommendations need to be utilised using judicious clinical judgement and shared decision-making with patients and families. New government-funded schemes for genetic testing and use of PCSK9 inhibitors, as well as the National Health Genomics Policy Framework, will enable adoption of the recommendations. However, a comprehensive implementation science and practice strategy is required to ensure that the guidance translates into benefit for all families with FH.

Published
2021

4. Integrated guidance for enhancing the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australia

Author

Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R., Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brett, P., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Elias, L., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton-Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton-Craig, I., Hamilton-Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Irvin, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Lambert, K., Li, S.C.H., Malan, W., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Pedrotti, A., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Scott, R.S., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell-Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., Nicholls, S.J., Watts, G.F., Sullivan, D.R., Hare, D.L., Kostner, K.M., Horton, A.E., Bell, D.A., Brett, T., Trent, R.J., Poplawski, N.K., Martin, A.C., Srinivasan, S., Justo, R.N., Chow, C.K., Pang, J., Ademi, Z., Ardill, J.J., Barnett, W., Bates, T.R., Beilin, L.J., Bishop, W., Black, J.A., Brett, P., Brown, A., Burnett, J.R., Bursill, C.A., Colley, A., Clifton, P.M., Ekinci, E.I., Elias, L., Figtree, G.A., Forge, B.H., Garton-Smith, J., Graham, D.F., Hamilton-Craig, I., Hamilton-Craig, C.R., Heal, C., Hespe, C.M., Hooper, A.J., Howes, L.G., Ingles, J., Irvin, J., Janus, E.D., Kangaharan, N., Keech, A.C., Kirke, A.B., Kritharides, L., Kyle, C.V., Lacaze, P., Lambert, K., Li, S.C.H., Malan, W., Maticevic, S., McQuillan, B.M., Mirzaee, S., Mori, T.A., Morton, A.C., Colquhoun, D.M., Moullin, J.C., Nestel, P.J., Nowak, K.J., O'Brien, R.C., Pachter, N., Page, M.M., Pedrotti, A., Psaltis, P.J., Radford, J., Reid, N.J., Robertson, E.N., Ryan, J.D.M., Sarkies, M.N., Schultz, C.J., Scott, R.S., Semsarian, C., Simons, L.A., Spinks, C., Tonkin, A.M., van Bockxmeer, F., Waddell-Smith, K.E., Ward, N.C., White, H.D., Wilson, A.M., Winship, I., Woodward, A.M., and Nicholls, S.J.

Abstract

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a dominant and highly penetrant monogenic disorder present from birth that markedly elevates plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration and, if untreated, leads to premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). There are approximately 100,000 people with FH in Australia. However, an overwhelming majority of those affected remain undetected and inadequately treated, consistent with FH being a leading challenge for public health genomics. To further address the unmet need, we provide an updated guidance, presented as a series of systematically collated recommendations, on the care of patients and families with FH. These recommendations have been informed by an exponential growth in published works and new evidence over the last 5 years and are compatible with a contemporary global call to action on FH. Recommendations are given on the detection, diagnosis, assessment and management of FH in adults and children. Recommendations are also made on genetic testing and risk notification of biological relatives who should undergo cascade testing for FH. Guidance on management is based on the concepts of risk re-stratification, adherence to heart healthy lifestyles, treatment of non-cholesterol risk factors, and safe and appropriate use of LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and lipoprotein apheresis. Broad recommendations are also provided for the organisation and development of health care services. Recommendations on best practice need to be underpinned by good clinical judgment and shared decision making with patients and families. Models of care for FH need to be adapted to local and regional health care needs and available resources. A comprehensive and realistic implementation strategy, informed by further research, including assessments of cost-benefit, will be required to ensure that this new guidance benefits

Published
2021

7. Postural hypotension in elderly patients given carvedilol

Author

Krum, H., Conway, E.L., Broadbear, J.H., Howes, L.G., and Louis, W.J.

Subjects
Complications and side effects, Physiological aspects, Risk factors, Elderly patients -- Physiological aspects, Antihypertensive agents -- Complications and side effects, Orthostatic hypotension -- Risk factors -- Complications and side effects, Hypotension, Orthostatic -- Risk factors -- Complications and side effects, Aged patients -- Physiological aspects, Antihypertensive drugs -- Complications and side effects
Abstract

First dose postural hypotension is commonly observed with antihypertensive drugs,(1)(2) but its incidence may be overstated in clinical trials because of protocol requirements, which may include frequent venesection, fasting, acute [...]

Published
1994

9. Relations between alcohol consumption, heart rate, and heart rate variability in men. (Scientific Letter)

Author

Ryan, J.M. and Howes, L.G.

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Measurement, Health aspects, Men's health -- Health aspects -- Measurement -- Physiological aspects, Men -- Measurement -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Drinking (Alcoholic beverages) -- Health aspects -- Measurement -- Physiological aspects, Heart rate -- Physiological aspects -- Measurement -- Health aspects, Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Health aspects -- Measurement -- Physiological aspects, Men -- Health aspects -- Measurement -- Physiological aspects, Heart beat -- Physiological aspects -- Measurement -- Health aspects
Abstract

We have previously reported a strong positive association between average day time and nighttime heart rate measured during 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and usual alcohol intake. (1) Acute [...]

Published
2002

10. Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes.

Author

Howes, J.B., Tran, D., Brillante, D., and Howes, L.G.

Subjects
ISOFLAVONES, BLOOD pressure, TYPE 2 diabetes
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover affected ambulatory blood pressure and forearm vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. Design: Sixteen postmenopausal type 2 diabetics treated with diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover (approximately 50 mg/day) for 4 weeks compared to placebo. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside and L-nitromonomethylarginine (L-NMMA) were measured at the end of each treatment period. Results: Mean daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower during isoflavone therapy compared to placebo (-8.0 ± 3.4 and -4.3 ± 1.9 mmHg respectively, p < 0.05). The increase in forearm vascular resistance following L-NMMA was significantly greater during isoflavone supplementation (20.9 ± 6.5) than placebo (3.7 ± 2.9 arbitrary units, p < 0.05), suggesting an improvement in basal endothelial function. Plasma lipoproteins, glycated haemoglobin and forearm vascular responses to acetylcholine and nitroprusside did not differ significantly between isoflavone and placebo therapy. Conclusion: Isoflavone supplementation from red clover may favourably influence blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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11. Selective Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Myocardial Infarction: How Strong is the Link?

Author

Howes, L.G. and Krum, H.

Subjects
*CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 inhibitors, *MYOCARDIAL infarction
Abstract

There are concerns that selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may be prothrombotic and increase the risk of myocardial infarction. This has largely arisen because of an unexpected finding of a higher rate of myocardial infarction in patients receiving rofecoxib compared with patients receiving naproxen in a study of gastrointestinal toxicity. The results of this study, a similar study of celecoxib versus ibuprofen or diclofenac, and data obtained from a meta-analysis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) primary prevention trials suggest that differences in the rates of myocardial infarction between rofecoxib and naproxen may have been due to an unexpectedly low rate of myocardial infarction in patients receiving naproxen. However, population surveillance data also suggest that rofecoxib may be associated with a greater risk of myocardial infarction than celecoxib and certain nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The magnitude of this increase in risk, if real, is uncertain but it is likely to be relatively small in patients for whom cardiovascular prophylaxis with aspirin is not indicated. Patients who require nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy for arthritis and who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease should receive aspirin, probably in conjunction with selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy, as the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration may be lower than for aspirin plus a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In patients who do not require aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events, the lower risk of gastrointestinal ulceration associated with COX-2 inhibitor compared with non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would be expected to outweigh any increase in the risk of myocardial infarction, if one exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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12. Can angiotensin receptor antagonists be used safely in patients with previous ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema?

Author

Howes, L.G., Tran, D., Howes, Laurence G, and Tran, Diane

Subjects
*SARALASIN, *THERAPEUTICS, *HYPERTENSION
Abstract

Angioedema is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with ACE inhibitor therapy which is believed to be due to potentiation of the vascular effects of bradykinin. Angiotensin receptor antagonists were not expected to produce angioedema, as they do not inhibit the catabolism of bradykinin. However, it is now apparent that angioedema is occasionally associated with angiotensin receptor antagonist therapy and may be more likely to occur in patients who have previously experienced angioedema while receiving ACE inhibitors. Angiotensin receptor antagonists cannot be considered to be a safe alternative therapy in patients who have previously experienced ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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13. Calcium antagonists and cancer. Is there really a link?

Author

Howes, L.G. and Edwards, C.T.

Subjects
*CALCIUM antagonists, *CANCER, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, *DISEASES
Abstract

Recent publications have raised concerns about a possible link between calcium antagonist therapy and the development of cancer. Comparisons of the methodology and results of these studies with other studies where an association between calcium antagonist therapy and cancer has not been apparent suggests that the association is most likely to be due to selection bias or chance. Clinical and biochemical studies have not produced a consistent plausible mechanism for a causative link between calcium antagonists and the development of cancer. Further prospective data that will be available from long-term morbidity and mortality trials of the use of calcium antagonists in cardiovascular diseases will be of value in establishing the safety of these drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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