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Determining the quantitative and qualitative composition of solutes is an important scientific and applied problem that arises in various fields of science and technology. However, in a number of practical problems there is a need to determine the concentration of substances whose mass (volume) fraction in the solution is quite small. Common measurement methods, characterized by high speed and versatility are refractometric methods. Of particular interest among refractometric methods in the measurement of low concentrations of solutes is the method based on the use of the effect of surface plasmon resonance. The main advantages of this method are its high sensitivity and low weight of the sample used in the study. To date, the widespread use of this method of measurement is significantly limited by the lack of high-precision mathematical models of primary measuring transducers (sensors) implemented on its basis. The main directions of refractometry development and its relevance in various spheres of human activity, such as science, technology, medicine and even the food industry, were considered in the work. As a result of the need to use the phenomenon of surface-plasmon effect, a detailed description of this phenomenon, its features, nature and practical application. The peculiarity of the interaction of radiation with gold nanofilms is considered. A mathematical model of the refractometer based on the surface plasmon effect was developed. The adequacy of the obtained conclusions was confirmed by means of computer modeling and experimental research. The design of a means of measuring small concentrations of dissolved substances, built on the basis of the described sensor, has been developed. It is shown that such a measuring tool will be characterized by relative simplicity of construction while preserving all the advantages of the refractometric measurement method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article proposes a method of reducing the power of the drive for the separation of packages of canned feed from trench storage through the use of a modified hydraulic drive system. The structure and the principle of operation of the system of hydraulic drive of mechanisms of cutting of canned forages are developed. This approach has significantly reduced the power of hydraulic motors by simultaneously controlling the cutting speed of the monolith when feeding the rod and the feed rate of the cutting device. The substantiation of modes of operation of the mechanism and ways of increase of its energy efficiency are resulted. The high competitiveness of the proposed device is proved by performing a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the manins presented on the market and agro-industrial complex equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)