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The aim of this study was to appraise the effect of humic substances (HS) in different concentrations on external and internal egg quality of laying hens. In total, 20 Oravka hens were allocated to 4 treatments, each containing 5 birds. The control birds were fed a diet without additives (0.00% HS), other treatment birds were fed with diets containing HS at 0.50%, 0.75 and 1.00%. The birds in all groups had available drinking water and feed mixtures ad libitum. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. Also, 20 egg samples from each group were randomly every 2 weeks to assess egg quality parameters. Adding HS in different concentrations significantly increased (P<0.05) egg weight, albumen index, Haugh unit and yolk index and decreased yolk percentage (P<0.05), compared with control. There were no differences (P>0.05) in egg shape index, egg volume, eggshell weight, eggshell percentage, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, albumen weight, albumen percentage, yolk weight and yolk colour among treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to appraise the effect of humic substances (HS) on laying performance. In total, 20 Oravka hens were allocated to 4 treatments, each containing 5 birds. The control birds were fed a diet without additives (0.00% HS), other treatment birds were fed with diets containing HS at 0.50%, 0.75 and 1.00%. The birds in all treatments had available drinking water and feed mixtures ad libitum. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. Feed consumption and egg production were determined daily, egg weight was measured biweekly, and live body weights were recorded at the beginning and the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the supplementations of HS had a significant effect (P<0.05) on live body weight, egg production and feed efficiency. In liver, gizzard, spleen, ovary and oviduct relative to live body there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the among treatments. Carcass weight and oviduct weight were the highest (P<0.05) in Oravka hens fed HS diets compared with control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analysed daily the time intervals of egg formation in pure chicken breed Oravka in the second half of egg production on 66 hens for 30 days, from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Experiment was realised in deep litter system in pens with automatic egg nest. Feeding of hens was providing by feed mixture for laying hens (crude protein 158.06 g/kg, metabolic energy 11.32 MJ/kg). Feeding and watering were ad libitum. Birds were exposed to natural light as a practiced in rural areas of South-West Slovakia. There were observed that in Oravka chickens the egg forming on average 25.78±0.39 hours, while the range was from 17 to 32 hours. Intervals between successively laid eggs were shortened by the clutch length. Time intervals of egg formation were 26.92±1.87 hours in short clutches (1 to 3 eggs), 25.31±1.65 hours in medium clutches (1 to 8 eggs) and 24.67±1.54 hours in long clutches (more than 9 eggs). Time intervals of egg formation were shortened by prolonging the clutch. The clutch length can significantly affect egg weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we studied the influence of time intervals of egg formation on some egg quality parameters in descending part of laying curve in pure Oravka chicken breed. We studied the daily dynamics of egg production from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. for 30 days on 66 hens. Experiment was realised in deep litter system in pens with automatic egg nest. Feeding of hens was providing by feed mixture for laying hens (crude protein 158.06 g/kg, metabolic energy 11.32 MJ/kg). Feeding and watering were ad libitum. Birds were exposed to natural light as a practiced in rural areas of South-West Slovakia. The results showed that prolonging the time intervals of egg formation increased of egg weight, eggshell weight and eggshell proportion. At the same time, albumen weight and albumen proportion decreased during period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose percentage in relation to the somatic cells count in milk of Slovak Spotted cattle. A total of 468,082 control milk samples from 28,848 dairy cows born from 2000 to 2014 were used for investigating lactose percentage (LP), milk yield (MY), lactose yield (LY), fat percentage (FP), proteins percentage (PP) and somatic cells count (SCC). Data were analysed using the SAS version 9.4 and linear model with fixed effects: farmer (F), years-month of control (YM), order of lactation (OL), sire (S), coding of SCC (CS). In the dataset the average of LP was 4.78±0.27 %, while the one of MY, LY, FP, PP and SCC were 20.44±8.65, 0.98±0.43, 4.04±0.80, 3.49±0.37 and 455.95±1,296.16 cells *1000/ml. The correlation of LP with MY, LY, FP, PP, and SCC was equal to r = 0.33205, r = 0.41609, r = -0.11414, r = -0.24404 and r = -0.31175. These correlation coefficients were statistically highly significant P <0.0001. Among all fixed effects in the analysis of variance of LP, the most relevant effect was observed for CS (P<.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue was solved by the growth of 632 Charolais calves born between 2011 and 2016 from three farms in the Slovak Republic who are part of performance beef cattle testing. In our work was evaluated a live birth weight, weight at 120 days of age, weight at 210 days of age, weight at age 365 days, average daily gain from birth to 120 days of age, average daily gain between 120 and 210 days of age and average daily gain up to 365 days. Assessment factors were selected by breeder, sex of calves, calf birth year, calf birth month and sire effect. Evaluating of the live weight at birth founded the highest weight of farm A (42.92 kg), which is closest to the breed standard. Heaviest calves were born in 2016 with very high significant effect (p<0.001) on the birth weight. Male calves were heavier than heifers in single, heifer twins were also heavier. High statistical significance (p<0.001) was detected by sire. In our work we've founded the best weaning weight 229.11 kg in lower birth weight (33.52 kg). This indicator reduced over the years up to year 2016, when the weight raised again. Heifers reached higher values than bulls (203.74 kg compared to 177.40 kg), while the impact of this factor was statistically significant (p<0.05). The highest calves weaning weight was found in the October (224.35 kg) and the January (209.98 kg). We also investigated the correlation dependence of growth characteristics, when we found a positive correlation dependence (r = 0.03) between weaning weight and birth weight, which is statistically not significant (p>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of various disinfectants on hatchability, egg weight loss and embryonic mortality of chickens. Eggs were incubated in medium hatchery Bios midi at standard hatching conditions. All eggs were incubated for 21 days. Five treatments, with 300 hatching eggs each, were evaluated: eggs not submitted to disinfection (negative control), formalin gas fumigation by mixing 40 ml formaldehyde of 40 % concentration and 20 g potassium permanganate on 1m3 room capacity (positive control), ozone concentration of 0.45 ppm for 12 hours, Aldekol DES 03 air aerosol dosing by 0.5 l of Aldekol DES 03 to 3 l of water and Virkon S in 1% solution. Hatchability of fertile eggs and embryonic mortality were significant not affected (P>0.05) by disinfectants, but there were significant lower (P<0.05) values in eggs without disinfection. None of the treatments affected (P>0.05) egg weight loss throughout the first 18-days of incubation. The results obtained for hatching traits indicated that alternative disinfectants may be used as an alternative to formaldehyde fumigation for the disinfection of hatching eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary citric acid (CA) on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups (n=60) and reared for a period of 42 days. The drinking water of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was supplemented with 0%, 0.50%, 1% or 1.50% CA. At the age of 42 days, 10 birds from each group were slaughtered. The results indicated that birds with CA additions were heavier compared with control birds (P<0.05). Feed consumption was improved (P<0.05) in birds of the CA groups. Citric acid supplementation did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) mortality of broiler chickens. We observed higher (P<0.05) breast, liver, gizzard and small intestine percentage in the groups that were added CA. Thick percentage and carcass yield were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Significant reduction (P<0.05) in abdominal fat weight was found with increased level of citric acid in drinking water. It may, therefore, be concluded that the addition of 1.50% CA in drinking water has most effective effect in broiler chickens fattening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment the effects of different housing systems on physical indicators of egg yolk and egg albumen quality of table eggs were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Lohmann Brown Lite were housed in two different housing systems, in enriched cage or on floor housing system. In both systems, the hens were kept under standard bioclimatic conditions. Eggs (n = 1080) were collected from the first phase of the laying cycle, at monthly intervals, at the age of laying hens 30-42 weeks. Egg weight (g), egg specific weight (g.cm-3), egg shape index (%), eggshell weight (g), eggshell percentage (%), and average eggshell thickness (µm) were evaluated. In the indicators of the whole egg quality was statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) the average weight of eggs produced by laying hens kept in enriched cage (66.3 ± 3.6) mean ± SD in comparison with the eggs from laying hens housed on litter (64.3 ± 4.0) mean ± SD. Similarly, in eggshell quality indicators (weight, proportion, average thickness) there were significantly higher differences in favor of the eggs from caged breeding. The values of the average egg shell thickness (µm) in the order of groups (392 ± 24.6; 377 ± 24.3) (mean ± SD). The results obtained show that the eggs from caged breeding achieved better results in more quality indicators compared to the eggs from litter breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research was carried out to determine effect of probiotic and humic acids on external and internal egg quality parameters of Japanese quail housed in 3-floor cage technology. A total of 60 animals were divided into 3 groups. In the control group (n=20) birds fed on basal diet without any additive. Japanese quails in experimental group no. 1 (n=20) were received addition of probiotics preparation in a single dose of 1 g.kg-1 of feed mixture. In the experimental group no. 2 (n=20) received a preparation of humic acids in a single dose of 3 g.kg-1 of feed mixture. Feed mixture contained 11.7 MJ ME and 200.0 g crude protein. Feed and water were given ad libitum. We recorded statistically no significant differences (P>0.05) among groups in egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell weight, albumen weight, albumen percentage, albumen weight, Haugh units, yolk index and yolk colour. The yolk weight and yolk percentage were significantly lower (P≤0.05) in the group with the application of humic acids in feed mixture compared with the control group and the group with the addition of probiotics to feed. The parameters of eggshell quality (percentage, strength, thickness) were recorded significantly higher values (P≤0.05) in both experimental groups compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment the effects of different housing systems on physical indicators of egg yolk and egg albumen quality of table eggs were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Lohmann Brown Lite were housed in two different housing systems, in enriched cage or on floor housing system. In both systems, the hens were kept under standard bioclimatic conditions. Eggs (n = 540) were collected from the first phase of the laying cycle, at monthly intervals, at the age of laying hens 30-42 weeks. Egg albumen weight (g), egg albumen percentage (%), egg albumen index, Haugh units (HU), egg yolk weight (g), egg yolk percentage (%), egg yolk index, egg yolk color (HLR) were evaluated. The results showed that in egg albumen quality indicators the differences in egg albumen weight (40.5 ± 4.3; 41.4 ± 3.5 mean ± SD) and egg albumen percentage (62.4 ± 3.9; 63.8 ± 6.1 mean ± SD) were significantly higher (P <0.05) for hens housed on the floor. In Haugh's units and the egg albumen index, the differences were statistically insignificant (P ≥ 0.05). Yolk quality indicators, namely the percentage of yolk (27.1 ± 2.4; 25.8 ± 3.1 mean ± SD) and the yolk index (47.4 ± 3.1; 43.5 ± 5.7 mean ± SD) found statistically significant differences in favor of eggs from hens housed in enriched cages. In egg yolk weight and egg yolk color, differences between eggs from both systems were noticeable. The results obtained show that the quality indicators of the internal egg content of both housing systems were comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to examine the analyses a chosen group of the Slovak Spotted dairy cows. Within the group we focused on the problematic of utility pointers evaluation, we analysed the milk production of various breed types, years of birth giving, paternity of the descendants and the order of lactation. Moreover, we assessed the mutual correlation dependence between milk production pointers and weight of various factors on milk, fats, proteins and lactose production. The highest amount of produced milk in kg due to breed type measure was in S0 type. Evaluating the year of birth giving, the milk production was the highest between the years of 2010-2016 in a herd of dairy cows at farm reaching 8,341 kg of milk. Milk production pointers such as milk production in kg, fats in kg, proteins in kg and lactose in kg are in a mutual correlation relationship that is highly statistically resulted P ≤ 0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the selected factors for weight at birth (BW), at age of 120 days (W120), at age of 210 days (W210) and at age of 365 days (W365) for calves in different breeding conditions of the Slovak Spotted cattle. We evaluated the influence of the breeder's factor, year of evaluation, month of evaluation, father's factor and breed type. When evaluating the effects on BW, we achieved a statistically highly significant trait of the breeder (P < 0.001), the factor of the year of birth as statistically significant (P = 0.0072) and other factors were statistically in conclusive. In the case of weight at the W120, the breeder, the year of evaluation, the month of evaluation and the father had a statistically very high demonstrable influence (P <0.0001). The breed type factor was not statistically significant (P = 0.8622). The weight at the W210 was again statistically high significantly influenced by the factors of breeder, year of evaluation, month of evaluation and father. The breed type factor was again statistically in conclusive (P = 0.1272). With the weight indicator at the W365, we observed a very high statistical significance for all factors (P <0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to compare laying characteristics and egg weight of three different Oravka hen lines (OR 1, OR 2, OR 3) during two years. Hens were kept outdoor in a heatless hen-house with a covered yard. Feeding and watering were ad libitum. They were fed with a standard feed mixture with 11.7 MJ ME and 200.0 g NL. Basic statistics for average laying per hen and laying intensity (%) was done for each Oravka line indicating that these characteristics tended to be higher in year 2017 than in year 2018. The statistical model for egg weight included effects of line, month of laying and interaction line x month of laying. Data were analysed separately for each year. Only line (genotype) had significant effect on egg weight, the remaining effects were not significant. In year 2017 the highest egg weight had line OR 3 (58.61 ± 0.30 g), the lowest egg weight had line OR 1 (57.32 ± 0.31 g), (P = 0.010). In year 2018 the highest egg weight had line OR 1 (60.64 ± 0.33 g), the lowest egg weight had line OR 3 (58.72 ± 0.37 g), (P = 0.005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim this work was to evaluate the milk components and somatic cells in selected herd of dairy cows of Slovak Spotted cattle. The traits included the control samples of milk in kilograms, fat, proteins, lactose in percentages and somatic cells count as well as the correlation between given traits. By evaluation of milk yields we have find out that the average of control sample of milk production during the examined period in all the 14,160 control samples in 1,024 dairy cows was 20.69±9.69 kgs of milk with a fat content of 3.94±0.68%, protein 3.48±0.33% and lactose 4.87±0.21% and 338.39±846.15 x 103 cells/ml. The correlation between the traits of milk production and the somatic cells count, for example milk in kgs, fat in %, proteins in %, lactose in % and somatic cells count in cells x 103/ml, where these values were r = -0.03679, r = 0.08985, r = 0.08830, r = -0.30855. These coefficients were statistically highly significant p <0.0001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this preliminary study, the quality of fresh gander semen from the original Slovak White goose (SW) breed was analysed. Semen was collected from three (SW, n = 3) ganders into prepared sterile tubes by dorso-abdominal massage. Firstly, volume of individual gander semen was determined. Afterward, the concentration, motility parameters and sperm viability were evaluated using computer assisted semen analyser (CASA) and flow cytometry, respectively. Our results showed that the volume of individual semen samples varied from 0.05 to 0.38 ml. No significant differences in concentration and total motility of fresh semen was found among the ganders tested. However, significant differences (P = 0.05) in progressive movement of fresh semen between two males (SW2 and SW3) were observed. Moreover, differences (P = 0.05) in the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic sperm between two males (SW1 and SW3) were revealed by a flow cytometry. These preliminary data suggest that the objective assessment of fresh gander sperm motility may be an effective indicator of frozen-thawed semen quality. Therefore, regular semen assessment is required in order to preserve good-quality insemination doses from native breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oravka tawny is a Slovak national breed of chicken. This breed has combined utility, which means it is valuable for both its meat and eggs. The Oravka tawny is linked to a specific region, Orava, and therefore these products could be protected by European geographical indication. The labeling and sale of chicken meat by the traditional breed of origin are widely used to promote quality and attract those products in the marketplace. For that use, we created the system and method of authentication that can reliably distinguish between the Oravka tawny, other chicken breeds, and other of Oravka's colorful characters. In our research, we analyzed 153 chicken feathers from the Oravka breed as well as from breeds used in the process of breeding the Oravka to their current state. They were divided into nine populations. To separate those populations, we used seven microsatellite markers recommended by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and other authors. To create separate clusters of individual breeds, we used DAPC (discriminant analysis of principal components) analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim this study was evaluate the birth weight of calves of the Slovak Spotted cattle in selected herds according to the year of birth, breeder, period of birth and breed type and to determine the linear relation between birth weight and birth year, month of birth, breed type, breeding conditions, calf sire and period of calving. In our measurements, the average weight at birth of 284 evaluated measurements for the years 2012 to 2017 in the three breed type was 46.24 kg. For the breeding environment, breeding type and year of birth we did not achieved statistically conclusive data (P> 0.05). The factor of the month of birth was evaluated as highly provable (P <0.0001) with a determination coefficient of 36.42% and F = 19.70. For sire influence, we achieved a statistically significant value (P <0.0197). The determinant was 27.89%, F = 1.50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of humic substances or humic substances and thyme on carcass parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 60 Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups (n=20). The control group of chickens was fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in the first experimental group were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances. Chickens in the second experimental group were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances and 0.5% of thyme. In 42 day of fattening, 5 male and 5 females with body weight similar to the mean were chosen from each group of chickens. The carcass weight (g), the breast and thigh percentages (%), edible weight (g) and carcass yield (%) were recorded. We found statistical significant increase (P<0.05) of heart weight in the first experimental group in comparison with other groups. The favourable tendency of the effect of the supplements used, although without a statistically significant differences (P>0.05), was observed in both experimental groups in liver and gizzard weights. We recorded statistically nonsignificant differences (P>0.05) in carcass weight, carcass yield, breast a thigh percentage in the both experimental groups compared with control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim this work was to of relation between milk production and somatic cells count in Slovak Simmental dairy cows by different breeding conditions in the period 2010 to 2014. Data were analysed using the SAS version 9.3 (TS1M2) and linear model with fixed effects of herd, years and months controls. The results of somatic cells count during the years 2010 and 2014 were as follows: the highest number of samples was analysed during 2014 (n = 49,974), where the average count was 163.50☆103.ml-1. The lowest average value of somatic cells count was in 2010 in amount 178.90☆103.ml-1 (n = 42,489). The analyses by the effect on somatic cells count was the highest effect of herd-years-season of control R2 = 0.033970 than effect of herd R2 = 0.011951. These effects were high statistical significant P<0.001. Correlation coefficients between milk in kg, fat, protein in % with somatic cells count were r= -0.09878, r= 0.05457and r= 0.09674. These coefficients were high statistical significant P<0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim this work was analyse reproduction traits in selected breeding herds Slovak Simmental dairy cows in the period 2012 to 2016 by breeding type (S0, S1, S2 ) the results for dairy cows: DFS, DO, NIC and CI. The basic statistical analysis were analysed using the SAS version 9.3 (TS1M2). For the actual computation a linear model with fixed effects was used: yijklm = μ + HYSi + bj + ck + eijkl , where: μ = mean value, HYSi, bj = sire, ck = effect of bull, eijkl = residual error. The basic traits of reproduction traits (DFS, DO, NIC, CI) in selected breeding herds Slovak Simmental dairy cows were 78.55 days, 120.83 days, 407.02 and 2.14 times for S0, 78.62 days, 124.82 days, 408.76 and 2.04 times for S1, and 80.99 days, 124.07 days, 410.90 and 2.20 times for S2. The linear model to represent coefficient determination R2 = 0.482750 % for DFS, R2 = 0.435010 % for DO, R2 = 0.345971 % NIC and R2 = 0.482750 % CI with all fixed effects. The analyses by the effect were the highest effect of HYS than effect of sire. These effects were statistically high significant (P<0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slovak Simmental cattle are a dual-purpose breed with a good milk and meat production, which belongs to the Simmental type of cattle. The aim this work was evaluated relation between traits of milk production and calving interval in breeding herds of Slovak Simmental dairy cows (S0). Data were analysed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.3 (TS1M2) Enterprise Guide 5.1. and linear model with fixed effects of herd-year-season of calving (HYS), sire, number of lactation, and code of milk production by average of milk production. The average of milk production 5 866.4 ± 2 066.6 kg, average of fat production 233.5 ± 83.6 kg, average of protein production 200.4 ± 72.5 kg and average of lactose production 280.8 ± 98.2 kg, average of calving interval (CI) was 408.6 ± 83.9 days. The linear model to represent coefficient determination R2 = 0.2481 % (P<0.001) for calving interval with all fixed effects. The analyses by the effect was the highest effect of HYS of calving R2 = 0.1962 %, than effect of sire R2 = 0.0417 %. These effects were statistically high significant (P<0.001). Correlation between milk, fat, protein, lactose in kg with calving interval (r=0.0130-, r=0.0214+++, r=-0.0028+++, r=0.0115++ ) were statistically high significant. The results confirm the lower positive relation between traits of milk production (milk in kg, fat in kg, protein in kg and lactose in kg) and calving interval in breeding herds of Slovak Simmental dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work we aimed to determine the effect of different levels of green tea in powder form to feed on productive performance, carcass parameters and organs in broiler chickens. Totally 240 day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 were divided to four dietary groups (n = 60) namely control and three experimental groups with supplementation of green tea to feed mixture in levels 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Broiler chickens were feeding with commercial feed mixtures and feed and drinking water were provided ad libittum. The feeding period lasted 42 days. Individual body weight of broiler chickens was determined at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day, feed sonsumption and mortality per group were determined at 42 day of fattening period. Carcass quality and organs weight of broiler chickens were determined at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that supplementation of different levels of green tea statistically significant decreased body weight gain and we recorded lower body weight in 21 days of age compared with control group. However, in second period of fattening, broiler chickens in experimental groups growing faster and in 42 days of age we found statistically no significantly differences among control and experimental groups. Feed consumption did not differ among the dietary groups at 42 days of fattening. Mortality no affected by supplementation of green tea to broiler chickens diets in comparison with control group. From the carcass parameters addition of green tea significantly decreased percentage of abdominal fat between control and 1.5% green tea level, in other parameters (percentage of breast, percentage of drumstick, carcass yield) were different among control and experimental groups not statistically significant. The caecum and small intestine weights was significantly (p ≤0.05) decreased in chickens fed diets containing 0.5% green tea supplement compared to 1% and 1.5%. For neck, crop, heart, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, kidneys, small intestine, caecum and large intestine weights among control and experimental groups we recorded no statistical differences (p ˃0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The target of this work was verified effect of transport females in the car for advance state of receptivity in young females broiler rabbits. We used nulliparous females of broiler hybrid HYCOLE (age 4-5 months, weight 3.5-3.8 kg). Experiment was realized twice, initially in half of November (31 females), after that in half of February (32 females). Females were laid individually in boxes, after they were transported by car 1 hour (50 km). Before and after experiment we detected state of receptivity in females with coloration of vulva. The state of receptivity was determined from 1 for 4 colour of vulva. (1 - anaemic coloration of vulva, 2- pink, 3 - red, 4- violet). We detected positive state of transport, on the receptivity. In November before transport was average of receptivity 1.87, after transport 2.25. The state of receptivity will be improved in 12 females (38.71 %). Improve from 1 to 2 was detected in 4 females, from 2 to 3 in 8 females. Improved from 2 to 4, or from 3 to 4 wasn't noticed in this group. The state of receptivity wasn't changed in 19 females (61.29 %). In the state of receptivity 1 stayed 2 females, in the state 2 stayed 15 females, in the state 3 stayed 2 females and in the state 4 wasn't any female. In February after the end of experiment, state of receptivity was improved with transport in the car from 2.19 to 2.65. The state of receptivity was improved in 13 females (40.63 %). Improve from 1 to 2 we detected in 1 female, from 2 to 3 we detected in 8 females, from 2 to 4 we detected in 2 females, from 3 to 4 in 2 females. In 19 females (59.38%) we don't noticed change state of receptivity. In the state of receptivity 1 were 2 females, in 2 were 11 females, in 3 were 5 females, and in 4 was 1 female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to analyse of changes in external and internal characteristics of eggs of autochthonous chicken breed Oravka during laying cycle. A total of 350 eggs were collected to study for egg weight in g, egg shape index in %, shell thickness in mm, yolk, albumen and shell weight in g and their proportion in the egg mass, yolk index in % and Haugh units score in 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51 and 56 weeks of age (60 eggs for each age). The results showed that as the laying cycle of hens progressed, the egg weight and egg shape index were increased (P<0.05). During laying period increased (P<0.05) yolk weight and yolk proportion in the egg mass, whereas the albumen proportion and Haugh unit score decreased (P<0.05) with age of hens. The quality of yolk and albumen decreased (P<0.05) as the laying cycle advanced. The other results showed that eggshell proportion and thickness were reduced (P>0.05), especially by the end of laying cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the effect of humic substances, garlic (Allium sativum L.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and walnut (Juglans regia) on carcass parameters of broiler chickens were studied. Broiler chickens Ross 308 (n=60) were divided into 3 groups (n=20). The chickens of the control group were fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in the first experimental group E1were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances, 0.4% of garlic powder and 0.1% of wormwood. Chickens in the second experimental group E2 were fed a diet containing 1.5% of humic substances, 0.4% of garlic powder and 0.1% of walnut. The carcass weight, weight of heart, liver, gizzard, carcass yield and EPEF were evaluated. The carcass weight was in both experimental groups higher, but no statistically significant (P>0.05) in compare with the control group (values in the order of the groups: 1246.93±172.61; 1352.16±139.89 and 1308.30±166.17 g±SD). In the first experimental group E1 were weight of heart (12.15±2.29 g±SD) and weight of gizzard (41.58±7.44 g±SD) significantly higher (P≤0.05) compared to the control group (9.99 ±1.82; 33.62±5.03 g±SD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of probiotic preparation on productive parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Totally 60 one-day-old chickens of Ross 308 were divided in two groups: control group (n=30) received drinking water without any additives and experimental group (n=30) received probiotic preparation in dose 2 ml per 1 l of drinking water from day 1 to day 42 of fattening. The probiotic preparation contained the strains of Lactobacillus casei CCM 3775 (3.86x106 CFU.g-1), Lactobacillus plantarum 24001 (3.86x106 CFU.g-1) and Saccharomycces cerevisiae MUCL 39885 (7.00x103 CFU.g-1). Broiler chickens were feeding ad libitum with commercial feed mixtures. Individual body weights of all birds, feed conversion ratio per group were determined in 21 and 42 day, total mortality rate we recorded in 42 day of fattening period. Carcass quality of broiler chickens was determined at the end of the experiment. The supplementation of probiotic affected positively body weight (p<0.05) in broiler chickens in 21 and 42 day of fattening. Feed conversion ratio in 21 and 42 day was similar in control and experimental groups. Total mortality in 42 day was positive affected (p<0.05) by supplementation of probiotic preparation in drinking water. The probiotic no significant (P?0.05) affected percentage of breast and thighs from carcass body, weight of giblets and carcass yield. The addition of probiotic significantly (P<0.05) reduced the content of abdominal fat in carcass body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to analyze the chosen production criteria of carrier pigeons. We observed the weight of the squabs on the 28th day and their weight before the slaughtering. The slaughtering was carried out before and after the young pigeons left the nest. We recorded the squabs' growing intensity and weekly weight gain in the nest (1st - 35th day), live weight before the birds were slaughtered, the weight after the birds were slaughtered (defeathered and decapitated birds), the carcass weight (defeathered, decapitated and with internal organs retracted birds) and dressed weight (%). The pigeons' average weight was 396. 85 g (min. 292. 00 g, max. 489.00 g) when they were 4 weeks old. The average pigeons' weight recorded before leaving the nest and slaughtering was 427.42 g (min.335.00 g, max. 502.00 g). The average pigeons' weight recorded before leaving the nest, but after the slaughtering (defeathered, decapitated birds after bleeding) was 369.46 g (min. 308.00 g, max. 441.00 g). The average pigeons' weight recorded after leaving the nest, but before slaughtering was 482.88 g (min. 413.00 g, max. 560.00 g). The average pigeons' weight recorded after leaving the nest and slaughtering (defeathered, decapitated birds after bleeding) was 407.75 g (min. 321.00 g, max. 503.00 g). The average weigh on hatch day was 19.63 g (min. 18.00 g, max. 20.00 g). After 7 days, the pigeons'average weight was 101.38 g (min. 89.00 g, max. 104.00 g). The average weight of 14 days old pigeons was 213.38 g (min. 163.00 g, max. 261.00 g). The average weight of 21 days old pigeons was 295.63 g (min.234.00 g, max. 347.00 g) and the average weight of 28 days old pigeons was 358.13 g (min. 292.00 g, max. 412.00 g). The last weighting was recorded on the 35th day and the average pigeons 'weight was 397.13 g (min. 350.00 g a max. 426.00 g). Before the pigeons left the nest the carcass weight was 275.42 g (min. 182.00 g, max. 335.00 g). After the pigeons left the nest the carcass weight was 316.56 g, (min. 260.00 g, max. 359.00 g). Before leaving the nest pigeons' dressed weight presented 64.09%, (min. 54.33%, max. 70.40%) of the observed criterion and after leaving the nest pigeons' dressed weight presented 65.51%, (min. 54.87%, max. 68.13%) of the observed criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]