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As the EU and the US successively proposed the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and the Clean Competition Act (CCA), importers are now required to declare the carbon emissions of their products. Particularly, wheel companies face increasing time pressure with the gradual development of implementation paths for net-zero emissions and implementing carbon pricing policies in various countries. This research uses the production data of Taiwan wheel companies to establish a mathematical model for the activity-based cost optimisation decision-making process. It explores the impact of different carbon emission costs on a company's product mix with pricing decisions. Further, the research proposes five mathematical programmes for single-period cost optimisation decision-making under carbon pricing. These models provide some detailed view, such as changes in profits and product mix caused by high carbon taxes or other changes for each resource. Furthermore, the production cost optimal model proposed in this research can be used by enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities while ensuring profitability and serve as a reference for making net-zero transformation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to develop a model for decision-making associated with the activity-based costing (ABC) system within the life-cycle assessment (LCA) aspects for the electrical and electronic industry. In order to maximise a company’s profits and minimise environmental impact within limited constraints and resources, a mathematical programming model and green optimal manufacturing decisions have been proposed. Our findings provide insight into ‘green businesses’, and are beneficial in terms of environmental management in a competitive industry. The proposed programming model is put forward as a green management tool that provides enterprise advantages and niches, and reaches environmental sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]