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Phosphate crystals are known for their low birefringence, a result of the symmetrical tetrahedral structure of PO4 groups. Attempts to increase their birefringence have traditionally involved the incorporation of highly anisotropic ions and groups. Yet, the majority of the modified phospates still exhibit a birefringence value below 0.1, due to the counteracting effects of anisotropic elements within the tetrahedral coordination. The present study has for the first time discovered a novel birefringence‐active HgI2HgIIO9 unit and successfully constructed a highly anisotropic layered structure, which ingeniously prevents the mutual cancellation of anisotropic effects. This synthesis of HgI2HgII(Te2O4)2(HPO4)2 confirms the effectiveness of this strategy, yielding a birefringence of 0.444 at 546 nm, which outperforms 99% of phosphate crystals and surpasses that of commercial counterparts like YVO4 (0.209@1064 nm) and CaCO3 (0.175@533 nm). Structural analysis and PAWED calculations indicate that the significant birefringence is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the HgI2HgIIO9 unit (23.76%), HPO4 tetrahaedron (24.24%) and TeO4 group (51.99%). This breakthrough paves the way for phosphates to meet the demands of modern technological advancements, expanding their potential applications in the field of anisotropic optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV nonlinear optical materials require the simultaneous achievement of a large second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (≥1 × KH2PO4 (KDP), dij > 0.39 pmV−1), wide bandgap (λ < 300 nm, Eg > 4.2 eV), and moderate birefringence (0.05‐0.10@1064 nm) in a single structure. Therefore, designing UV nonlinear optical materials with excellent comprehensive performance is a challenging task. Herein, four UV transparent selenite materials are successfully obtained, namely, Al2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (1), Ga2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (2), NaGa3(HSeO3)6(SeO3)2 (3), and Cd5Ga4(HSeO3)2(SeO3)10 (4), through rational design and screening in the pure selenite system. Al2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (1) and Ga2(SeO3)3(H2O)3 (2) are UV nonlinear optical materials with balanced properties, exhibiting moderate SHG responses (1.2 and 1.1 × KDP), appropriate birefringence (0.084 and 0.076@1064 nm), and wide bandgaps (5.5 and 5.3 eV). Such bandgaps are the largest in the reported pure selenite nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. This work further demonstrates that pure selenite is a good candidate for UV NLO materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk production traits as the most important economic traits of dairy cows, they directly reflect the benefits of breeding and the economic benefits of pasture. In this study, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐12 (ADAM12), Parkinson's disease gene 2 (PRKN) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐like protein subtype 6 (DPP6) polymorphism in 384 Chinese Holstein cows were detected by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and through statistical analysis using software such as Popgene 32, SAS 9.4 and Origin 2022, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three genes with four milk production traits such as daily milk yield (DMY), milk fat percentage (MFP), milk protein percentage (MPP) and somatic cell score (SCS) was verified at molecular level. The results showed that four polymorphic loci (116,467,133, 116,604,487, 116,618,268 and 116,835,111) of DPP6 gene, two polymorphic loci (97,665,052 and 97,159,837) of PRKN gene and two polymorphic loci (45,542,714 and 45,553,888) of ADAM12 gene were detected. PRKN‐97665052, DPP6‐116467133, ADAM12‐45553888, DPP6‐116604487 and DPP6‐116835111 were all in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium state (p >.05). ADAM12‐45542714, PRKN‐97159837 and PRKN‐97665052 were moderately polymorphic (0.25 ≤ PIC <0.50) in Holstein. It is evident that the selection potential and genetic variation of these five loci are relatively large, and the genetic richness is relatively high. The correlation analysis of different genotypes between these eight loci and milk production traits of Holstein showed that ADAM12‐45542714 and DPP6‐116835111 (p <.01) had an extremely significant effects on the DMY of Chinese Holstein in Ningxia, while PRKN‐97665052 had an extremely significant effect on MFP (p <.01). The effect of PRKN‐97665052 and DPP6‐116467133 on MPP of Holstein were extremely significant (p <.01). DPP6‐116618268 had an extremely significant effect on the SCS of Holstein in Ningxia (p <.01), and AA genotype individuals showed a higher SCS than GG genotype individuals; the other two loci (ADAM12‐45553888 and DPP6‐116604487) had no significant effects on milk production traits of Holstein (p >.05). In addition, through the joint analysis of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 gene loci, it was found that the interaction effect between the three gene loci could significantly affect the DMY, SCS (p <.01) and MPP (p <.05). In conclusion, several different loci of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 genes can affect the milk production traits of Holstein to different degrees. PRKN, DPP6 and ADAM12 genes can be used as potential candidate genes for milk production traits of Holstein for marker‐assisted selection, providing theoretical basis for breeding of Holstein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has historically been exceedingly challenging to create physically and chemically stable lanthanide compounds with strong second harmonic generation (SHG) due to their strong preference to central symmetry. In this work, five new non‐centrosymmetric lanthanide selenites, namely, Ln2F2(OH2)(MoO3)2(SeO3)2 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy), are achieved by partial fluorination of the lanthanide oxygen polyhedron. An HF corrosion resistant supercritical hydrothermal method is developed, which is a facile and universal method for HF corrosion and high‐temperature high‐pressure environment. The title compounds displayed a novel 3D framework composed of 1D molybdenum selenite chains bridged by Ln2F2O12(OH2) dimers. Their powder SHG responses showed a large difference, ranging from 1.0 to 9.0 × KH2PO4 (KDP) at 1064 nm. The half‐filled Gd compound exhibited very strong SHG efficiency of up to 1.2 × KTP (KTiOPO4) at 2050 nm. Compounds Tb and Gd are the first lanthanide selenites with SHG intensity reaching KTP level, which is very rare in this system. Furthermore, these compounds can also possess excellent physicochemical stability and strong luminescence emission, indicating that they are promising multifunctional nonlinear optical materials. This work offered an effective way for design and synthesis of multifunctional and high‐performant nonlinear optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]