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There are over 6000 rare diseases in the world, affecting more than 300 million people. Early and precise diagnosis of rare diseases has always been the goal in clinical medicine. Emerging computer vision technology now greatly enhance medicine and healthcare and shows the potential in assisting the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases. The technology can be a useful tool for extracting disease-relevant patterns from medical imaging. However, the effectiveness of its application depends on the complexity of the medical cases. In this paper, we summarize the challenges and emerging solution for the application of computer vision in diagnosis, rehabilitation as well as management of rare musculoskeletal diseases.

BackgroundThe taxonomic group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) encompasses more than 190 species and subspecies, some of which can cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases across various age groups in humans. However, different subspecies exhibit differential drug sensitivities, and traditional detection techniques struggle to accurately classify NTM. Therefore, clinicians need more effective detection methods to identify NTM subtypes, thus providing personalized medication for patients.Case presentationWe present the case of a 47-year-old female patient diagnosed with an intraabdominal infection caused by Mycobacterium syngnathidarum. Despite computed tomography of the chest suggesting potential tuberculosis, tuberculosis infection was ruled out due to negative TB-DNA results for ascites fluid and sputum and limited improvement of lung lesions after treatment. Additionally, acid-fast staining and Lowenstein–Jensen culture results revealed the presence of mycobacterium in ascites fluid. Subsequent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) confirmed the DNA sequences of Mycobacterium syngnathidarum in colonies isolated from the ascites fluid, which was further corroborated by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Ultimately, the patient achieved a complete recovery following the treatment regimen targeting Mycobacterium syngnathidarum, which involved clarithromycin, ethambutol hydrochloride, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and isoniazid.ConclusionThis is the first reported case of Mycobacterium syngnathidarum infection in humans. Mycobacterium syngnathidarum was detected by WGS in this case, suggesting that WGS may serve as a high-resolution assay for the diagnosis of different subtypes of mycobacterium infection.

This manuscript is presented to investigate peristaltic phenomenon of a flow driven peristaltically in an asymmetric inclined channel under the influence of externally applied magnetic field without employing the assumption of long wavelength and smaller Reynolds number assumptions which permit the effects of dominant inertial forces and to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in full form. The numerical results are obtained with help of finite element numerical scheme with Galerkin’s residual procedure. A comparative analysis for the obtained numerical data is performed in view of already reported studies and a favorable accuracy of results is noticed. The effects of other involved parameters are also presented in suitable graphs. Trapping and pumping phenomena is also discussed. It is found that trapped bolus shape is increased with increment of Hartmann number which tends to move towards central region of asymmetric channel and is predicted that trapped bolus will disappears at large Reynolds number. The pressure in peristaltic pumping region is enhanced by increasing angle of inclination.

Graphene, when electrified, generates far-infrared radiation within the wavelength range of 4 μm to 14 μm. This range closely aligns with the far-infrared band (3 μm to 15 μm), which produces unique physiological effects. Contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle play a significant role in primary hypertension, involving the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. This study utilized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an untr-HT to investigate the impact of far-infrared radiation at specific wavelengths generated by electrified graphene on vascular smooth muscle and blood pressure. After 7 weeks, the blood pressure of the untr-HT group rats decreased significantly with a notable reduction in the number of vascular wall cells and the thickness of the vascular wall, as well as a decreased ratio of vessel wall thickness to lumen diameter. Additionally, blood flow perfusion significantly increased, and the expression of F-actin in vascular smooth muscle myosin decreased significantly. Serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang-II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) were significantly reduced, while nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression increased significantly. At the protein level, eNOS expression decreased significantly, while α-SMA expression increased significantly in aortic tissue. At the gene level, expressions of eNOS and α-SMA in aortic tissue significantly increased. Furthermore, the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the SHR's aortic tissue increased significantly. These findings confirm that graphene far-infrared radiation enhances microcirculation, regulates cytokines affecting vascular smooth muscle contraction, and modifies vascular morphology and smooth muscle phenotype, offering relief for primary hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric structure expands the voltage window of supercapacitors in aqueous electrolyte solutions, thereby significantly increasing energy density. However, exploring high-performance negative electrode materials is of utmost importance, on the premise that positive electrode materials have been extensively developed. This study explores the homogeneous composition of iron oxide and graphene via in situ laser induction on the precursor film of polyimide foam containing Fe3+ ions. 3D interconnected graphene was prepared under laser direct writing, while Fe3+ ions were thermally reduced to obtain iron oxide (Fe3+/Fe2+). By adjusting the concentration of Fe3+ ions in the precursor polyimide foam and laser parameter settings, the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio was regulated to exhibit optimal electrochemical performance. When employed as a negative electrode material for assessing the electrochemical performance, it displayed a notable area capacitance of 654.3 mF cm2 at a current density of 1 mA cm2. In the assembled aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors, the specific energy density was 33.25 mW h cm2 at a power density of 750 mW cm2 and retained 86.8% of its capacitance even after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles. This method offers a new approach for synthesizing laserinduced multivalent compounds and serves as a reference for efficiently producing negative electrodes of an asymmetric supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5G is on the way. This state-of-the-art communication technology has many advantages and potentials to solve an abundance of problems and make our lives easier, more comfortable and convenient. 5G communication also makes it possible to change the structure and communication in MRI scanners. Based on Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRRLC) provided by the 5G technology, a new MRI system architecture was proposed to achieve remote wireless control and successful processing. In addition, several distributed MRI scanners were enabled to share one common control center to process and reconstruct MR signal data. This sharing control strategy can be utilized to reduce the average cost of each individual MRI scanner.

In the article, we introduce the concept of the exponentially $tgs$-convex function and discover two new conformable fractional integral identities concerning the first-order differentiable convex mappings. By using these identities, we establish several new right-sided Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the exponentially $tgs$-convex functions via conformable fractional integrals. Our outcomes for conformable fractional integral operators are also applied to some special means.

A theoretical investigation is executed for exploring the flow, heat and mass transfer behavior of magnetohydrodynamic radiated ferrofluid flow caused by a cone in the existence of non-uniform heat source/sink. Dispersion of ferrous nanoparticles finds applications in heat exchanger system, recharge able batteries, chemical catalysts, metallurgy, conducting paints, magnetic recording media, drug delivery, nanofibers, textiles etc. in this study we have used the two types of temperatures namely water (At 10 °C and 50 °C), having less thermal conductivity as compared with magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4). A simulation is performed by mixing of cobalt ferrous particles in base fluid water with different temperatures. Also, we presented dual solutions for flow over a cone with CoFe2O4+water at 10 °C and CoFe2O4+water at 50 °C. Governing equations are solved using Runge-Kutta with shooting method and compared with published literature. From the formulated model we found that the friction factor coefficient and rate of heat transfer is more in mixture of CoFe2O4+water at 10 °C case compare to CoFe2O4 +water at 50 °C case. Similarly the mass transfer rate is more in CoFe2O4 +water at 50 °C when compared to CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C case. These results help us to conclude that depending on the industrial appliances we can use heating or cooling processes CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C and CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C fluids respectively.