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Recently discovered magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials provide an ideal platform to explore low-dimensional magnetism and spin transport. Its vdW interaction nature opens up unprecedented opportunities to build vertically stacked heterostructures with novel properties and functionalities. By engineering the planar structure as an alternative degree of freedom, herein we demonstrate an antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) in a vdW Fe3GeTe2 flake with a step terrace that breaks the planar symmetry. This antisymmetric MR originates from a sign change of the anomalous Hall effect and the continuity of the current transport near the boundary of magnetic domains at the step edge. A repeatable domain wall due to the unsynchronized magnetization switching is responsible for this sign change. Such interpretation is supported by the observation of field-dependent domain switching, and the step thickness, temperature, and magnetic field orientation dependent MR. This work opens up new opportunities to encode magnetic information by controlling the planar domain structures in vdW magnets. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a nonuniversal changing process over network traffic status which indicates different shapes in different networks. Hysteresis is observed in the MFD of some urban networks. It is a unique phenomenon when the network remains at low stability level and usually appears around the congestion period. This paper analyzed network peak stability through focusing on hysteresis. The formation mechanism of hysteresis is deduced from the mathematical method based on previous research studies. The precondition of hysteresis and the changing process of network state can be figured by mathematical deduction. It indicates that hysteresis only occurs conditionally in the period of macroscopic congestion and is not a universal phenomenon. Heterogeneity is an important factor leading to network instability. The hysteresis patterns of different peaks in MFD are different due to the variation of network flow. Real data are collected from Atlanta's urban network to verify the analysis of hysteresis. To discuss the changing process of hysteresis in different peaks, a three-stage division is proposed and time series is presented as a third dimension in MFD. It is worth noticing that the existence and form of hysteresis in morning and evening peaks are different. Although there is a higher peak flow in the morning peak, the stability of the evening peak performs better when hysteresis occurs in the network. The different fluctuations in the morning and evening peaks are exhibited through the 3D version of MFD. The otherness of hysteresis in different peaks is explained through a 3D coordinate system with cross-compared corresponding indexes., Author(s): Shunyu Yao [1]; Weike Lu [2]; Lan Liu (corresponding author) [1]; Guojing Hu [3] 1. Introduction Due to the increasing number of vehicles in urban city, the requirement for [...]

In order to improve the accuracy of short-term travel time prediction in an urban road network, a hybrid model for spatiotemporal feature extraction and prediction of urban road network travel time is proposed in this research, which combines empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) and complex networks (CN) with an XGBoost prediction model. Due to the highly nonlinear and dynamic nature of travel time series, it is necessary to consider time dependence and the spatial reliance of travel time series for predicting the travel time of road networks. The dynamic feature of the travel time series can be revealed by the EDM method, a nonlinear approach based on Chaos theory. Further, the spatial characteristic of urban traffic topology can be reflected from the perspective of complex networks. To fully guarantee the reasonability and validity of spatio-temporal features, which are dug by empirical dynamic modeling and complex networks (EDMCN), for urban traffic travel time prediction, an XGBoost prediction model is established for those characteristics. Through the in-depth exploration of the travel time and topology of a particular road network in Guiyang, the EDMCN-XGBoost prediction model's performance is verified. The results show that, compared with the single XGBoost, autoregressive moving average, artificial neural network, support vector machine, and other models, the proposed EDMCN-XGBoost prediction model presents a better performance in forecasting., 1. Introduction Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is currently the most effective technical solution to improve public transportation service and management [1, 2]. The successful application of ITS is inseparable from [...]

The presence of demand uncertainty brings challenges to network design problems (NDP), because fluctuations in origin-destination (OD) demand have a prominent effect on the corresponding total travel time, which is usually adopted as an index to evaluate the network design problem. Fortunately, the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) has been proved to be a property of the road network itself, independent of the origin-destination demand. Such characteristics of an MFD provide a new theoretical basis to assess the traffic network performance and further appraise the quality of network design strategies. Focusing on improving network capacity under the NDP framework, this paper formulates a bi-level programming model, where at the lower level, flows are assigned to the newly extended network subject to user equilibrium theory, and the upper level determines which links should be added to achieve the maximum network capacity. To solve the proposed model, we design an algorithm framework, where traffic flow distribution of each building strategy is calculated under the dynamic user equilibrium (DUE), and updated through the VISSIM-COM-Python interaction. Then, the output data are obtained to shape MFDs, and k-means clustering algorithm is employed to quantify the MFD-based network capacity. Finally, the methodology is implemented in a test network, and the results show the benefits of using the MFD-based method to solve the network design problem under stochastic OD demands. Specifically, the capacity paradox is also presented in the test results., 1. Introduction With a substantial increase in travel demand and existing limited road space, high priorities of governments, and the general public have been given to the problem of traffic [...]