Saveer, Ahmed M., Hu, Jing, Strickland, Jaime, Krueger, Robert, Clafford, Shannon, and Zhang, Aijun
Simple Summary: The cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, is an invasive pest native to southern Europe and North Africa. It feeds on plants in the mallow family, including the agricultural commodities cotton, okra, hibiscus, cocoa, and kenaf. The O. hyalinipennis is a major economic threat to the U.S. cotton industry. Based on host and climate availabilities and the lack of natural enemies, O. hyalinipennis has a high likelihood for establishment throughout the southern regions in the U.S. The fundamental life history and reproductive behavior of O. hyalinipennis have been inadequately explored until now; therefore, it is difficult to develop corresponding precautionary measures. In this research, we have conducted a comprehensive study on the life cycle of O. hyalinipennis, including egg development, metamorphosis, adult mating behavior, adult lifespan, and survivorship. Our results provide valuable information for scientists and growers to develop efficient management strategies in IPM for timely infestation intervention to protect the cotton crop and other agricultural commodities from O. hyalinipennis damage. Understanding the fundamental life cycle and reproductive behavior of a pest insect is essential for developing efficient control strategies; however, much of this knowledge remains elusive for a multitude of insects, including the cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. Here, we report the results of our comprehensive study on the cotton seed bug's life cycle, including mating behavior, adult lifespan, and egg-to-adulthood development. Our findings showed that adult males and females began mating as early as three days after emerging (75%), and the frequency of mating increased to 100% by the fifth day. Mated females commenced oviposition on cotton seeds as early as two days after mating, with a cumulative mean number of 151 fertile eggs oviposited during the first oviposition cycle. Furthermore, around 10% of eggs from both mated and unmated females remained unfertilized. The first instar nymphs began emerging approximately seven days following oviposition. To track their development, we monitored the newly hatched nymphs daily until they reached adulthood. There were five nymphal stages, which cumulatively took roughly 28 to 30 days. Notably, mating positively influenced the survivorship and lifespan of adult O. hyalinipennis. Mated males and females exhibited median lifespans of 28 and 25 days, respectively. In contrast, unmated males and females only lived for a median lifespan of 9.5 days, about one-third that of the mated O. hyalinipennis. Our study provides key insights into the O. hyalinipennis life history for new IPM strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]