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Inspired from seaweed swayed by waves, the enhanced hydrogen evolution is realized in porous and hybrid g‐C3N4/Pt‐PVDF electrospun membranes via piezoelectricity from water flow energy. The membranes are fabricated by dispersing g‐C3N4/Pt into the mixed solution of PVDF and PEO, followed by electrospinning and selective removal of PEO. By changing the PEO amount, the pore size in nanofibers is adjusted. Due to the hydrogen bonding between g‐C3N4/Pt and PVDF, the β phase of PVDF is increased, beneficial for the piezoelectricity performance. When the electrospun membranes are exposed to water flow, an additional potential field is triggered due to the deformation of PVDF. It not only eases the photogeneration of charge carriers from g‐C3N4/Pt but also hinders their recombination. The prolonged lifetime significantly improves the photocatalytic water splitting of g‐C3N4/Pt under visible light. The hydrogen evolution in the electrospun membranes (PVDF to PEO = 4:1) is profoundly improved to 9 278 µmol h−1 g−1, almost doubled to the pure g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets (5 220 µmol h−1 g−1). Therefore, the seaweed‐inspired electrospun membrane is a promising strategy for the efficiently photocatalytic water splitting via g‐C3N4 in an aqueous environment, such as a natural sea and lake, by the piezoelectricity gained from the water flow energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest is realized via electrospinning a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on hybrid hydrogels embedded with photocatalytic g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets. Due to the hindrance of water evaporation by the hydrophobic PVDF membrane, the drying process of the hybrid hydrogels significantly slows down. Hence, the g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets can continue working on photocatalytic splitting of the water molecules in the hydrogels. When the thickness of the PVDF membrane is 48 μm, the hydrogen evolution rate can reach 2,543 μmol h−1 g−1, which is 38% more than that of the hybrid hydrogel without covering. Therefore, the hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are able to work with high efficiency for 12 h, sufficient for hydrogen evolution during the daytime. In addition, the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and hydrophilic hydrogels construct a Janus structure and induce a fast transport of water molecules from the hydrophobic to hydrophilic side. It is beneficial for the rapid collection of dew in the morning. Based on the long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest, the present hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are very suitable for the environment rich in solar resource and lack of water supply, such as desert or prairie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the detrimental effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on human skin health, wearable UVR detectors have attracted more and more attention. Inspired by the artwork "Tian-tsui hair pin with flora decoration" from the Palace Museum, a reversible and photochromic peony-shaped hairpin is designed to realize the visualized detection of solar UV radiation. It is prepared via electrospinning a mixed solution containing thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and Zn-MOF@WO3 onto microfiber nonwoven fabrics (MFNFs). Because of the enhanced UV responsive and photochromic capability from Zn-MOF@WO3 as well the excellent flexibility from TPUs and MFNFs, the obtained hairpin presents an excellent photoresponsive and wearable performance. When exposed to UV radiation from sunshine, the hairpin switches from white to light blue and finally to blue with radiation time. The colors light blue and blue can be used to indicate the UV radiation doses for the synthesis of vitamin D and the induction of erythema, respectively. With the assistance of oxygen in air, the hairpin recovers to its original state after being maintained in a dark atmosphere for 12 h. Even after six cycles of exposure to UV radiation and recovery in the dark, the photochromic performance almost remains unchanged. Only a minor reduction of 5% is observed. As a traditional wearable headdress in China, the peony-shaped hairpin prepared from the hybrid nanofibers not only presents oriental elegance but also is suitable for cyclical use in the daytime to monitor UV radiation for skin health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late spring coldness has a profound impact on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum), the reasonable fertilization management significantly improved yield, quality, and cold resistance of plants. Here, 10 predominant wheat varieties cultivated in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region were selected to investigate the detrimental influence mechanism of late spring coldness on wheat growth and screen three varieties with a strong resistance to coldness. Additionally, under late spring coldness, the three varieties were applied with varying ratios of base to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer to investigate the consequences on the establishment of population structure and subsequent formation of yield and quality. The results showed that late spring coldness exerted severely detrimental effect on wheat organs development, including the increased occurrence of dead tillers, elevated mortality of young spikes, and significant decrease kernels. However, compared to N1 treatment (a nitrogen fertilizer distribution of 100% base+0% jointing+0% booting), the N2 treatment (50% base+50% jointing+0% booting) exhibited favorable outcomes under late spring coldness, such as the decreased basic seedlings and tillers, increased flag leaf area, and leaf area index, contributing to the higher spike number, grain number, and 1000‐kernel weight. Ultimately, the grain yields of Jinan 17, Huaimai 28, and Yan'nong 5158 reached their maximum values, with a 23.5%, 10.6%, and 24.2% increase, respectively, and the membership function analysis confirmed the most favorable effect of N2 treatment. These findings underscore the appropriately increased ration of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer during late spring coldness as a prerequisite for achieving both high yield and good quality of wheat. Core Ideas: Late spring coldness exerted severely detrimental effects on wheat organs development.The delayed proportion of nitrogen enhances the toughness of wheat dough in terms of stability and formation time.Adjusting ration of topdressing nitrogen can improve yield‐related trains of wheat during late spring coldness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety-related disorders can be treated by cognitive therapies and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which involve the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Subregions of the mPFC have been implicated in mediating different and even opposite roles in anxiety-related behaviors. However, precise causal targets of these top-down connections among diverse possibilities have not been established. Here, we show that the lateral septum (LS) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) represent 2 direct targets of the infralimbic cortex (IL), a subregion of the mPFC that modulates anxiety and fear. Two projections were unexpectedly found to exert opposite effects on the anxious state and learned freezing: the IL-LS projection promoted anxiety-related behaviors and fear-related freezing, whereas the IL-CeA projection exerted anxiolytic and fear-releasing effects for the same features. Furthermore, selective inhibition of corresponding circuit elements showed opposing behavioral effects compared with excitation. Notably, the IL-CeA projection implemented top-down control of the stress-induced high-anxiety state. These results suggest that distinct IL outputs exert opposite effects in modulating anxiety and fear and that modulating the excitability of these projections with distinct strategies may be beneficial for the treatment of anxiety disorders., Introduction Anxiety disorders represent the most common psychiatric diseases, with a combined lifetime prevalence of over 28% (1, 2). Although the available pharmacological treatments are inadequate (3), cognitive therapies (4, [...]

Inspired by the lady costume from Tang Dynasty, printable tattoos are prepared from hybrid nanogels to monitor ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunshine. The hybrid poly(di(ethyleneglycol) methylether methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) methylethermethacrylate) nanogels containing graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets, abbreviated as hybrid P(MA‐co‐MA300)/g‐C3N4 nanogels, are prepared by precipitation polymerization. Due to the excellent photocatalysis of the g‐C3N4 nanosheets, the dyed hybrid nanogels can be rapidly photodegraded under sunshine. Based on the linear correlation between the discoloration of dyed hybrid nanogels and the dose of solar radiation, the UV radiation from sunshine can be simply monitored by checking the color in real‐time. By applying different types of dyes, the hybrid nanogels even can be used to trace the dose for the synthesis of vitamin D, induction of erythema and risk of skin cancer simultaneously. Favored by the stickiness of acrylate‐based polymers, the hybrid nanogels can be printed to the body as tattoos to realize decoration and UV detection. By simply switching the template for printing, the tattoo patterns can be easily changed according to personal interests and applied position on the human body. Therefore, the present hybrid nanogels can be a promising candidate to monitor the solar radiation dose and decorate the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adhesive and visualized hydrogel‐based detector is designed to monitor the solar radiation dose required for plant growth by the discoloration of methylene blue (MB) under sunshine. The detector is based on hybrid hydrogels prepared from photoinitiated polymerization. The combination of polypropylene (PP) fabrics acting as a substrate and the photoinitiated polymerization on the graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) surface enables a smaller thickness and a more homogenous distribution of the g‐C3N4 nanosheets. Thus, the hybrid interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel on the PP fabrics with a thickness of 1.5 mm presents an improved photodegradation capability. In addition, better mechanical properties and lower weight of the hydrogel‐based detector are achieved by the presence of the PP fabrics. In combination with the stickiness from a polyurethane resin acting as glue, the obtained detector can be easily pasted on the leaf of a plant as demonstrated for the example of Epipremnum aureum. The radiation dose exposed to the leaves can be accurately traced from the change in color of the detector to ensure a sufficient radiation for plant growth and avoid possible burn to the leaves under sunshine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]