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Background: Although participation rates vary by field, Latiné and women engineers continue to be underrepresented across most segments of the engineering workforce. Research has examined engagement and persistence of Latiné and White women in engineering; however, few studies have investigated how race, ethnicity, gender, and institutional setting interact to produce inequities in the field. Purpose: To address these limitations, we examined how Latina, Latino, and White women and men students' engagement in engineering was informed by their intersecting identities and within their institutional setting over the course of a year. Method: We interviewed 32 Latina, Latino, and White women and men undergraduate engineering students attending 11 different predominantly White and Hispanic Serving Institutions. Thematic analysis was used to interpret themes from the data. Results: Our findings illustrate how Latinas, Latinos, and White women developed a strong engineering identity, which was critical to their engagement in engineering. Students' engineering identity was grounded in their perceived fit within engineering culture, sense of purpose for pursuing their degree, and resistance to the dominance of White male culture in engineering. Latinas described unique forms of gendered, racialized marginalization in engineering, whereas Latinas and Latinos highlighted prosocial motivations for completing their degree. Conclusions: Findings suggest that institutional cultures, norms, and missions are critical to broadening participation of Latinas, Latinos, and White women in engineering. Disrupting White male culture, leveraging Latiné students' cultural wealth, and counter-framing traditional recruitment pitches for engineering appear to be key in these efforts.

This paper deals with the existence of solutions of a class of contact mean-field game systems of first order consisting of a contact Hamilton-Jacobi equation and a continuity equation. Evans found a connection between Hamilton-Jacobi equations and continuity equations from the weak KAM point of view, where the coupling term is zero. Inspired by his work, we prove the main existence result by analyzing the properties of the Mather set for contact Hamiltonian systems.

Currently, highly efficient n-i-p perovskite solar cells rely on an organic interface layer for high efficiency, especially 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis [N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) ami-no]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), but the instability of organic materials in the photothermal field compromises device stability. In this study, we employ the oleic acid (YS)/oleamine (YA) end-sealing method to achieve uniform dispersion of NiOX nanoparticles, effectively mitigating coagulation resulting from high local concentration and secondary motion adsorption. Furthermore, the conductivity of the hole transport layer and its energy level alignment with perovskite is enhanced by the additional 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanodimethyl-p-benzoquinone (F4TCNQ), leading to a remarkable improvement of open-circuit voltage and fill factor, thus the high efficiency of 25.17% and 24.36% on 0.1 and 1.01 cm2, respectively. Moreover, by realizing an all-inorganic interface layer, an initial efficiency exceeding 90% is maintained even after 2,800 h of heating at 85 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax policy is critical for business operations and export decisions. However, the relationship between tax sharing and export has been less frequently discussed. This paper explicitly examines the underexplored tax-sharing system's effect on manufacturing exporters' export quality and develops four hypotheses. We use data on Chinese manufacturing exporters and prefecture-level tax-sharing from 2008 to 2013 and employ an instrumental variable approach to alleviate the endogeneity problem. The empirical evidence supports our hypotheses. We find that an increase in the prefecture-level government tax-sharing ratio significantly reduces export product quality of firms. This quality effect can occur through channels, including tax burden effect, production scale effect, and innovation effect. Moreover, more productive firms and those operated in cities with stronger intellectual property protection can face a smaller quality-reducing effect. Our findings offer policy implications for improving China's modernized tax system and trade upgrading. Policymakers should recalibrate the tax-sharing system to reduce the tax burden on manufacturing exporters, particularly for innovative and high-productivity firms, and bolster intellectual property rights to enhance export quality and support China's trade and economic modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusions Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma present challenges in effective treatment, with 50%–60% of cases exhibiting recurrence or metastasis, often resistant to surgery alone. Immunotherapy, a promising approach, does not guarantee benefits for all patients. Thus, the imperative lies in identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy efficacy. FAM3D, a protein‐coding gene known for its potent chemotactic activity in human peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils, plays a crucial role in regulating tumour immune responses and holds promise as an immune biomarker.We employed comprehensive database analysis to scrutinise FAM3D, evaluating its gene expression, mutation profiles and prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, along with its associations with clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltration. Complementary functional experiments were conducted to delve into the potential mechanisms governed by FAM3D.Our findings establish a significant correlation between low FAM3D expression and the invasiveness and metastatic potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. FAM3D likely exerts its influence through the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition.FAM3D emerges as a valuable biomarker for predicting the responsiveness of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to immunotherapy, holding substantial clinical diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture is a double‐edged sword in the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films. In the presence of appropriate moisture in the air, grain boundaries are expected to merge neighboring grains, promoting the conversion of unreacted ions, resulting in large grains and pinhole‐free films. Adversely, excessive moisture can have detrimental effects on perovskite by damaging its crystalline structure. Controlling humidity precisely and removing excessive moisture from the interface is crucial to the printing of high‐quality and reproducible films in the air, which will undoubtedly promote the rapid commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a method for high‐yield printing of perovskite films is developed using interfacial moisture as a research object. The finite element simulation reveals that interfacial moisture is the key factor affecting the quality of perovskite film formation, regardless of the ambient moisture. The results show that when the interfacial humidity is in the range of 7%–25%, the films exhibit high‐quality crystallization. The devices produced by this method exhibit a yield of 92%, indicating a promising pathway to attain highly reproducible perovskite films with superior optoelectronic properties. The air‐printing process will provide a broad guide to the commercial manufacture of high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]