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The common squid, Todarodes pacificus, is an important commercial species that inhabits the northwest Pacific Ocean, particularly the East Japan Sea, the Pacific coast of Japan, and the East China Sea. In this study, we chose 29 individuals from three areas: one type from the Sea of Japan and two types from the East China Sea. A total of 43,529 SNPs were obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Our analyses revealed low genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in each type. Heterozygote deficiency and inbreeding have caused this low level of genetic diversity. Population structure analysis indicated that the three types were genetically similar, which may be attributed to strong gene flow combined with the demographic history events during the last 2 million years. This new GBS application technique provides valuable information for the conservation of marine species genetics and could be useful for the effective management of this resource.

Abstract In recent years, various newly emerged and re-emerged RNA viruses have seriously threatened the global public health. There is a pressing need for rapid and reliable nucleic acid–based assays for detecting viral RNA. Here, we successfully developed a highly sensitive, easy-to-operate G4-ThT-NASBA system to detect viral RNA that no need for labeled primers and probes. Next, we tested the system for detecting the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), an RNA virus that causes a highly contagious disease in domestic pigs and wild boar and easily causes huge economic losses. Results showed that the system, integrated the G4-ThT fluorescent biosensor and NASBA (Nuclear acid sequence-based amplification),is capable to detect as little as 2 copies/μL of viral RNA without interfering by other swine viral RNA. Moreover, we were able to detect CSFV RNA within 2 h in serum samples taken from the field in a real-time mode. These findings indicate that the G4-ThT-NASBA system is a rapid, high sensitivity and easy-to-operate technique for RNA detection. The method also has the real-time detection capability which may be easily integrated in a highly automated system such as microfluidic chips.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is regarded as an efficient and cost-effective technology for nitrogen removal. Anammox bacteria typically coexist with other microorganisms, which highlights the necessity to optimize the system, improve the pollutant removal efficiency and maintain the system stability. This review mainly focused on the interaction effects of anammox bacteria with other functional bacteria, such as aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, sulphur-oxidizing bacteria, sulphate-reducing ammonia oxidation bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation microorganisms, denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms. This review provided support for the emerging insights that the synergistic effects of various functional bacteria related to nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, and carbon within the anammox system could be a promising direction for the development of wastewater treatment technologies. By considering the interplay and cooperation of these microorganisms, wastewater treatment systems could potentially achieve more comprehensive and efficient removal of multiple pollutants. Continued in-depth research and understanding of these interactions would be instrumental in exploring innovative and integrated solutions, ultimately aiming for a more effective and holistic approach to wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shear thickening fluid (STF) for personal stab-resistant clothing has been consistently discussed. However, it is not clear whether STF in STF–fabric composite materials undergoes thickening under normal loads, and to what extent. In this study, the yarn pullout test and the knife-stab test in the quasistatic mode were used to establish the enhancement effect of STF, owing to the dominant thickening mechanism. The results of pullout–in tests for STF show that the thickening effort of STF becomes stronger with increasing speed. There is an observable increase for the pullout–in force. The addition of STF can slightly improve the yarn pullout force and peak stab force for STF-treated fabric at low velocities, owing to friction enhancement. More importantly, at higher speeds, the peak pullout force of yarn was increased to 28.9 N, which increased by about 140% compared with low velocities. The peak stab forces increased by about 80% compared with low stab speeds. It is affirmed that the thickening effect of STF under normal loads plays a dominant role in enhancing STF–fabric composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many personnel respond to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis and frequent public health events like Ebola and COVID-19. However, research on emergency assistance personnel remains limited. This study aims to describe the perceived well-being among responders deployed in isolated or emergency international missions while providing practical references to intervene in developing similar missions. Methods: For this qualitative phenomenological study, purposive sampling was used following the principle of maximum differentiation to select personnel deployed on an emergency mission for over a year. Data collection continued until data saturation. Phenomenologically semi-structured interviews helped explore the physical and psychological status of the participants with Colaizzi's method. Results: Eleven personnel were interviewed after the mission, with four major themes being identified: 'perceived somatic change,' 'perceived emotional change,' 'behavioral change,' and 'coping with perceived change.' Conclusions: The mental health status of the emergency assistance personnel was affected by multiple factors from external and internal environments. The current study explored the physical and psychological feelings and emotions of emergency assistance personnel during an emergency mission. The study provided a practical reference for health management under similar missions. Registrations: Not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]