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Herein, the effects of anionic xanthan gum (XG), neutral guar gum (GG), and neutral konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the dissolution, physicochemical properties, and emulsion stabilization ability of soy protein isolate (SPI)-polysaccharide conjugates were studied. The SPI-polysaccharide conjugates had better water dissolution than the insoluble SPI. Compared with SPI, SPI-polysaccharide conjugates had lower β-sheet (39.6 %–56.4 % vs. 47.3 %) and α-helix (13.0 %–13.2 % vs. 22.6 %) percentages, and higher β-turn (23.8 %–26.5 % vs. 11.0 %) percentages. The creaming stability of SPI-polysaccharide conjugate-stabilized fish oil-loaded emulsions mainly depended on polysaccharide type: SPI-XG (Creaming index: 0) > SPI-GG (Creaming index: 8.1 %–21.2 %) > SPI-KGM (18.1 %–40.4 %). In addition, it also depended on the SPI preparation concentrations, glycation times, and glycation pH. The modification by anionic XG induced no obvious emulsion creaming even after 14-day storage, which suggested that anionic polysaccharide might be the best polysaccharide to modify SPI for emulsion stabilization. This work provided useful information to modify insoluble proteins by polysaccharides for potential application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effects of polysaccharide types (xanthan gum, XG; guar gum, GG; and konjac glucomannan, KGM), reaction time (0–24 h), and reaction pH (5–9) on the fish gelatin (FG)-polysaccharide Maillard products for the stabilization of fish oil-loaded emulsions were studied. FG-polysaccharide complexes also showed better emulsifying properties than pure fish gelatin and pure polysaccharides. Further, the formation, physicochemical properties, and emulsifying properties of FG-polysaccharide Maillard products were dependent on polysaccharide type, reaction time, and reaction pH. Maillard conjugates had the best emulsifying properties (FG-GG: 0% of creaming index (CI); FG-KGM: 21.1% ± 0.7% of CI) among the FG-GG and FG-KGM Millard products, whereas the intermediate products (intermediates and fish gelatin) had the best emulsifying properties (0% of CI) among the FG-XG Maillard products. This work provided useful information to apply FP-polysaccharide Maillard products for the stabilization of fish oil-loaded emulsions in the field of food science. • Maillard products of fish gelatin (FG) with three polysaccharides were obtained. • FG-polysaccharide complexes induced better emulsion creaming stability than FG. • Polysaccharide type, reaction time, and reaction pH affected Maillard products. • Maillard conjugates of FG-guar gum induced the best emulsion creaming stability. • Intermediate products of FG-xanthan gum induced the best emulsion creaming stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three types of tilapia scale gelatins (hot water-pretreated gelatin, HWG; acetic acid-pretreated gelatin, AAG; and pepsin enzyme-pretreated gelatin, PEG) were extracted and their gel strength, foaming properties, and emulsifying properties were analyzed. They had different gel strength values: AAG (370 ± 10 g Bloom) > HWG (320 ± 10 g Bloom) > PEG (280 ± 10 g Bloom). The creaming index values of tilapia scale gelatin-stabilized fish oil-loaded emulsions were dependent on gelatin type (HWG ≈ AAG > PEG) at low gelatin concentration (2 mg/mL), whereas they were similar and low (8–10 %) at high gelatin concentration (10 mg/mL). Extraction methods had no consistently significant effects on the gelatin foaming properties. In summary, tilapia scale gelatins had better gel strength and foaming properties and similar or even better emulsifying properties than mammalian gelatins. Therefore, tilapia scales could be a potential source of gelatins to replace mammalian gelatins. • Tilapia scale gelatins were extracted using three different pretreatment methods. • Hot water- and pepsin-pretreated gels were the finest and coarsest, respectively. • These gelatins had better or comparable gel strength than commercial mammalian ones. • These gelatins had better foaming properties than some reported mammalian ones. • These gelatins had comparable emulsifying properties to some reported mammalian ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]