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Background: Fall prevention education can increase knowledge of fall risks and promote behavior changes to help reduce the incidence of falls among older adults. Fall Prevention Bingo (FPB) was created as an engaging tool to deliver fall prevention education to older adults. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of FPB on older adults' knowledge of fall risks, their readiness to make health behavior changes, and their attitudes toward reducing personal risks for falls. Methods: A total of 110 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 72.0 ± 10.2 years) participated in the study across 11 senior or community centers in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Results: Knowledge of fall risk behaviors increased after playing FPB (p =0.007). A ceiling effect occurred when measuring readiness to change. Participants reported that FPB was informative and interactive. Discussion: FPB is a fun and engaging educational tool that can be used to improve knowledge of fall risks among older adults. A ceiling effect obtained from the Stages of Change Score indicated that most participants had already made behavior changes to reduce risks for falls. Translation to Health Education Practice: FPB can be an effective method to deliver fall prevention education in community settings.

The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise Program (LiFE) is proven to have high adherence rates and can significantly reduce falls, but it has not yet been implemented for diverse older adults residing in urban medically underserved (MU) areas. An exploratory sequential mixed methods study was conducted to adapt LiFE and test the adapted program's preliminary feasibility. Focus groups with MU older adults and service providers were conducted to identify modifications. The new adapted program, Diverse Older Adults Doing LiFE (DO LiFE), was then evaluated with older adults. Thematic analysis revealed health literacy and lack of racial representation as barriers to implementing LIFE in this population. The pilot study showed that DO LiFE was feasible with good retention (89%) and high adherence (81.27%) rates. DO LiFE demonstrated preliminary feasibility for diverse MU older adults. Researchers should proceed to larger studies for translating DO LiFE from research to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genesis of the subduction mélange in the central Qiangtang terrane has been a long hot debate. However, little research has been conducted on the brittle failure within the accretionary wedge, which is very important to unveil the structural evolution of the mélange. In this study, based on the recognition of multiple deformational phases, we analyse the characteristics and formation history of the vein system in the Gangma Co mélange. Six groups of quartz veins are recognized. Foliation‐parallel extension veins (G1 veins), shear veins (G2 veins) and foliation‐perpendicular extension veins (G4 veins) are supposed to have formed during the subduction of oceanic crust, recording the repeated low‐angle thrust‐sense frictional sliding, tensile fracturing and stress changes generated by subduction‐related earthquakes. Subsequent vertical extension veins (G5 veins) are suggested to be related to the exhumation of the underplated mélange, while the horizontal extension veins (G6 veins) in the last phase represent the final horizontal thrusting. The temperature conditions for shear vein formation were examined by fluid inclusion analysis, ranging from 120 to 200°C, coinciding with the temperature conditions of the slow earthquake region where episodic tremors and slow slip occur. This contribution supports that the Gangma Co mélange represents an in situ subduction zone and that its internal vein system is a response to the tectonic evolution of the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu Tethys Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a fall prevention exercise program, Diverse Older Adults Doing the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise program (DO LiFE). DO LiFE was developed for a diverse aging population and to improve low adherence to structured exercise. Older adults with high fall risk and who resided in medically underserved (MU) U.S. zip codes were assigned to DO-LiFE or the control group. Feasibility outcomes of reach, adherence, fidelity, and acceptance were collected. DO LiFE established high reach/adherence, could be delivered with fidelity, and had high acceptance. Additional barriers were identified for a revision of DO LiFE before proceeding to a larger study. Results of this study show that DO LiFE demonstrates good feasibility and lay the foundation for larger-scale studies. Although some unexpected issues may require a revision of DO-LiFE, this evidence-based program is feasible for in-need, diverse aging populations in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Social participation is known to enhance well-being. Caregiving responsibilities are more intense when caring for an older adult with than without dementia and may affect caregivers' ability for social participation. We estimate social participation restrictions among caregivers for older persons with versus without dementia, variation within racial/ethnic group, and the mediating effect of care hours. Methods We use the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) to study family caregivers for older adults. We estimate the prevalence of social participation (e.g. visiting family/friends, religious activities, group/club activities, going out) that were important to the caregiver but missed due to caregiving. We use logistic models to test for differences in restrictions by the older adult's dementia status overall and within race/ethnic group, adjusting for caregiver and care receiver characteristics. Results One-third of family caregivers for older adults with dementia reported restrictions due to caregiving, double the prevalence among caregivers of an older adult without dementia (33.3% vs 16.0%; p <.001). This doubling gap persisted in adjusted models (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; p <.01) but mainly for White, non-Hispanic caregivers (OR = 3.2; p <.001). Substantially greater caregiving hours for people with versus without dementia was found (104 vs 60 hr per month), which is responsible for about 21% of the total difference in restrictions (p <.05). Discussion More time spent among caregivers of persons with versus without dementia may be an important factor undermining social participation, but hours only partially explain the gap. Future interventions should consider how to facilitate social participation among caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determine whether race predicts fear of falling (FOF) in older adults with a history of previous fall(s) while controlling for mobility performance, activity of daily living (ADL) independence, age, gender, and education. We examined predictors of FOF among community-dwelling older adults using data from two longitudinal randomized controlled trials that implemented fall prevention programs for community-dwelling older adults. Two hundred fifty-nine participants were included in the analysis; 145 reported low FOF, while 59 reported high FOF. After controlling for mobility performance, ADL independence, and sociodemographic factors, Black older adults were more likely to report FOF (OR = 2.17) compared to White older adults. Overall, older adults with lower mobility performance/functioning scores were more likely to have FOF (OR = 0.08). Older adults (aged ≥65 years) who are at higher risk, based on a prior history of fall(s), are more susceptible to developing FOF, as evidenced by the older adults within this study, due to limited mobility performance and functioning. Black older adults may be at greater risk of FOF than their White counterparts based on previous fall history and level of functional mobility. Incorporating measures of objective performance-based function along with measures of psychological factors are viable methods to identify and address FOF within Black older adult populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hailar Basin, located in north‐east China, is a typical continental rifted basin that contains oil and gas. The basin formation process comprised several stages of construction and reformation with complex formation mechanisms. The Bayanhushu (BYHS) Sag is a secondary structural unit in the south‐west Hailar Basin with a significant resource potential, but its current poor exploration and insufficient understanding of the structural evolution characteristics are restricting further oil and gas exploration. Therefore, the study of the structural evolution of the BYHS Sag plays a pivotal role in the future exploration and development of oil and gas. There are different hypotheses on the formation mechanisms and structural evolution of the BYHS Sag. To further understand the evolutionary history of the BYHS Sag, a structural physical simulation experiment was used based on the structural interpretation and geometric analysis of a seismic section. Inversion validation was then undertaken by the 2DMove equilibrium profile recovery technology. It was found that the formation process of the BYHS Sag was mainly controlled by the western Adunchulu Fault. Faults on the section developed in succession from top to bottom. The fault plane experienced multiple changes, thus forming a special seat‐shaped structural pattern. Structural inversion occurred twice during the evolution of the sag. The compressive stress during the tectonic inversion mainly acted in a SE direction. It is inferred that this was related to the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate and the intermittent compression caused by the transmission of stress of the arc–continent collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Older African Americans are at high risk for becoming frail in later life. Interventions can reverse or delay frailty, yet African Americans have largely been excluded from such research. Many interventions are also time- and resource-intensive, and thus inaccessible to socially disadvantaged older African Americans. We evaluated the feasibility of a low-dose frailty prevention intervention integrated with primary care among 60 community-dwelling, prefrail older African Americans aged 55+ recruited from a primary care clinic. Research Design and Methods We conducted a 2-arm randomized control trial. Participants were assigned to a 4-session intervention (1 session per month), delivered by an occupational therapist, or enhanced usual care. Feasibility criteria were set a priori at 75% for participant retention (including attrition due to death/hospitalization), 80% for session engagement, 2 participants/week for mean participant accrual, and 90% for program satisfaction. Results Participants were 65% female with an average age of 76.6 years, 51.7% lived alone and 39.1% reported <$10,000 in yearly income. Feasibility metrics were met. The study recruited, a mean of, 2.5 participants per week and retained 75% of participants who attended 95% of scheduled sessions. The mean satisfaction score was 29.75 (range = 0–32; SD.25). Changes in physical activity and dietary habit formation as well as changes in secondary outcomes were largely in the expected direction. Discussion and Implications The intervention was feasible to deliver. Qualitative findings from exit interviews suggested changes to the program dose, structure, and content that could improve it for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervening to change clients' habits in the course of their everyday occupations could improve health. Habit formation interventions are an emerging area of science, however, and there is a need to better understand the current state of habit intervention research. The objective of this study is to examine the evidence related to habit formation interventions to modify health habits among adults. We performed a scoping review of peer-review articles published since January 1, 2008. The majority of the 18 studies included in the review were randomized control trials using one of two measures to assess habit change. Studies targeted a range of habits. Trial results were mixed but supportive of habit formation approaches. Through habit formation interventions, a range of everyday behaviors can become a habit. Occupational therapy professionals can use data and results generated from this review to inform the development of occupation-based habit formation treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Participation in leisure physical activity (PA) and engagement in PA interventions among older adults is influenced by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and environment. However, studies of PA for medically underserved older adults have not yet been systematically evaluated. The objective of this study is to map the nature and extent of research conducted on PA participation, interventions, and components of effective leisure PA programs for medically underserved older adults. Research Design and Methods The five-stage approach was used to conduct this scoping review. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed studies published between 2006 and 2016. Data extracted from selected studies included study population, study type, purpose of intent, evidence level, barriers to PA participation, and components of PA intervention. Results Three hundred and ninety-two articles were identified, and 60 studies were included in the final data charting. Existing literature showed that most studies remained descriptive in nature, and few intervention studies have achieved a high level of evidence. Among 21 intervention studies, only 4 were explicitly conducted for older adults. Culturally adapted materials, race/ethnicity-specific barriers and facilitators, and form of intervention were important components for intervention programs. Discussion and Implications Findings indicate that more studies are needed to reduce health disparities related to PA participation for medically underserved older adults. Intervention components such as race/ethnicity-relevant barriers and facilitators and culturally sensitive materials are also needed for PA interventions targeting underserved older adults in order to provide evidence for best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]