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Hao-Yuan Lu,1,* Wei Wei,2,* Qi-Wei Chen,1,* Qing-Gui Meng,1 Gao-Hua Hu,1 Xian-Lin Yi,1,3 Xian-Zhong Bai1 1Department of Urology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning 530021, China; 2Department of Radiology, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, Nanning 530021,China; 3Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objectives: To study an uncommon life-threatening disease, spontaneous retroperitoneal and perirenal hemorrhage. Case descriptions: A 69-year-old male presented with pain in the left waist and back of 1 month duration. The renal abscess was suspected by magnetic resonance imaging before operation. The perirenal hematoma was cleaned by operation. In another case, the patient had a functional solitary left kidney compressed by a huge retroperitoneal mass and uropenia appeared. Results: The first patient died of adult respiratory distress syndrome after surgery. The second patient died of cardiac insufficiency and pulmonary embolism on the second day after evacuation of retroperitoneal hematoma. Conclusion: Conservative surgery, such as selective arterial embolization, is a reasonable approach in patients with chronic spontaneous retroperitoneal and perirenal space hemorrhage and with poor general condition. We strongly recommend drainage or interventional therapy, but not a major surgery, in patients with poor condition. Keywords: kidney, spontaneous, retroperitoneal, hemorrhage, surgery

Song Lin,1,2,* Run-Ze Wang,1,2 Ying Yi,1 Zheng Wang,2,* Li-Mei Hao,2 Jin-Hui Wu,2 Guo-Han Hu,3 Hua He3,* 1National Bio-Protection Engineering Centre, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Submicrometer-scale poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous mats loaded with aligned and narrowly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are obtained via the electrospinning process from pure water. This facile and green procedure did not need any other chemicals or organic solvents. The doped AgNPs are narrowly distributed, 4.3±0.7 nm and their contents on the nanofabric mats can be easily tuned via in situ ultraviolet light irradiation or under preheating conditions, but with different particle sizes and size distributions. The morphology, loading concentrations, and dispersities of AgNPs embedded within PVA nanofiber mats are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Moreover, the biocidal activities and cytotoxicity of the electrospun nanofiber mats are determined by zone of inhibition, dynamic shaking method, and cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay tests. Keywords: electrospinning, silver nanoparticles, polyvinyl alcohol, nanocomposites, bioactivity

Zhui-feng Guo,1,* Yi Liu,2,* Guang-hui Hu,1 Huan Liu,1 Yun-fei Xu11Department of Urology, 2Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workPurpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on poststroke urinary incontinence (UI).Patients and methods: Sixty-one patients with poststroke UI were enrolled at the Neurology Department in the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University between January 2010–January 2011 and were divided into treatment and control groups (n=32 and n=29, respectively). TENS was applied to the treatment group, while the control group received basic therapy. The therapeutic group completed the whole set of TENS therapy with a treatment frequency of 30 minutes once a day for 60 days. The positive electrode was placed on the second lumbar spinous process, and the negative electrodes were inside the middle and lower third of the junction between the posterior superior iliac spine and ischia node. The overactive bladder symptom score, Barthel Index, and urodynamics examination were estimated before and after therapy in both groups.Results: The daily micturition, nocturia, urgent urination, and urge UI in the treatment group significantly improved compared to the control group (P

The turbulence and flows at the plasma edge during the L-I-H, L-I-L and single-step L-H transitions have been measured directly using two reciprocating Langmuir probe systems at the outer midplane with several newly designed probe arrays in the EAST superconducting tokamak. The E× B velocity, turbulence level and turbulent Reynolds stress at ∼1cm inside the separatrix ramp-up in the last ∼20ms preceding the single-step L-H transition, but remain nearly constant near the separatrix, indicating an increase in the radial gradients at the plasma edge. The kinetic energy transfer rate from the edge turbulence to the E×B flows is significantly enhanced only in the last ∼10ms and peaks just prior to the L-H transition. The E×B velocity measured inside the separatrix, which is typically in the electron diamagnetic drift direction in the L-mode, decays towards the ion diamagnetic drift direction in response to fluctuation suppression at the onset of the single-step L-H, L-I-L as well as L-I-H transitions. One important distinction between the L-I-H and the L-I-L transitions has been observed, with respect to the evolution of the edge pressure gradient and mean E×B flow during the I-phase. Both of them ramp up gradually during the L-I-H transition, but change little during the L-I-L transition, which may indicate that a gradual buildup of the edge pedestal and mean E×B flow during the I-phase leads to the final transition into the H-mode. In addition, the transition data in EAST strongly suggest that the divertor pumping capability is an important ingredient in determining the transition behaviour and power threshold.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an independent risk factor for relapse in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and immune reconstitution of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with molecular relapse after allo-HSCT. Eleven patients with molecular relapse of B-cell-ALL who underwent CAR-T therapy after allo-HSCT were enrolled. The rate of MRD negativity after a month of CAR-T infusion was 81.8%. Patients who bridged to second-HSCT after CAR-T therapy ( n  = 3) showed a trend of higher 3-year leukemia-free survival and 3-year overall survival than those who did not ( n  = 8; 100% vs. 75.0%; 95% CI, 45.0-104.9%; p  = 0.370). No treatment-related mortalities were observed. Among patients who did not bridge to second-HSCT and remained in complete remission until the last follow-up ( n  = 6), five of them had not recovered normal immunoglobulin concentrations with a median follow-up of 43 months. CAR-T therapy may be a safe and effective treatment strategy to improve survival after allo-HSCT; however, the problem of prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia in patients who do not bridge to second-HSCT is worth noting.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of layperson-based interventions in sustaining exclusive breastfeeding and to identify the optimal characteristics of such layperson-led strategies for promoting exclusive breastfeeding., Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using a comprehensive search in seven electronic databases from their inception to January 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials., Results: Out of the 29,703 articles identified, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 38,412 participants were included in these studies. The majority of the included studies utilized home visits as the intervention method. However, there is limited data available for other interventions, such as group discussions, phone support, short message service, and combined approaches, making it difficult to determine their effectiveness. Laypersons, with or without breastfeeding experience, were found to be effective intervention providers., Discussion: Home visit interventions conducted by laypersons have proven effective in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. To maximize effectiveness, the content of home visits should be tailored based on the stages of pregnancy, and ideally, the duration of the visits should extend up to six months postpartum to sustain breastfeeding., Registration: The protocol for this review is registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021235078). A major deviation from the protocol was the exclusion of network meta-analysis due to the small number of articles identified and the primary outcome being the exclusive breastfeeding rate., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

All-solid-state lithium batteries with polymer electrolytes suffer from electrolyte decomposition and lithium dendrites because of the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Herein, a molecule crowding strategy is proposed to modulate the Li + coordinated structure, thus in situ constructing the stable interfaces. Since 15-crown-5 possesses superior compatibility with polymer and electrostatic repulsion for anion of lithium salt, the anions are forced to crowd into a Li + coordinated structure to weaken the Li + coordination with polymer and boost the Li + transport. The coordinated anions prior decompose to form LiF-rich, thin, and tough interfacial passivation layers for stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Thus, the symmetric Li-Li cell can stably operate over 4360 h, the LiFePO 4 ||Li full battery presents 97.18% capacity retention in 700 cycles at 2 C, and the NCM811||Li full battery possesses the capacity retention of 83.17% after 300 cycles. The assembled pouch cell shows excellent flexibility (stand for folding over 2000 times) and stability (89.42% capacity retention after 400 cycles). This work provides a promising strategy to regulate interfacial chemistry by modulating the ion environment to accommodate the interfacial issues and will inspire more effective approaches to general interface issues for polymer electrolytes., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Tea drinking impacts aging and aging-related diseases. However, knowledge of anti-aging molecules other than the major catechins in complex tea extracts remains limited. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the longevity effects of tea extracts and constituents comprehensively. We found that the hot water extract of green tea prolonged lifespan and heathspan. Further, the MeOH fraction prolonged lifespan significantly longer than other fractions. Correlation analysis between mass spectroscopic data and anti-aging activity suggests that ester-type catechins (ETCs) are the major anti-aging components, including 4 common ETCs, 6 phenylpropanoid-substituted ester-type catechins (PSECs), 5 cinnamoylated catechins (CCs), 7 ester-type flavoalkaloids (ETFs), and 4 cinnamoylated flavoalkaloids (CFs). CFs (200 μM) are the strongest anti-aging ETCs (with the longest 73% lifespan extension). Green tea hot water extracts and ETCs improved healthspan by enhancing stress resistance and reducing ROS accumulation. The mechanistic study suggests that they work by multiple pathways. Moreover, ETCs modulated gut microbial homeostasis, increased the content of short-chain fatty acids, and reduced fat content. Altogether, our study provides new evidence for the anti-aging benefits of green tea and insights into a deep understanding of the chemical truth and multi-target mechanism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Guan-Hu Bao reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are one of the most severe complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study includes 31 cases of aplastic anemia (AA) patients who developed PTLD after haploidentical transplantation, summarizing their clinical characteristics and categorizing them into either rituximab monotherapy group or combination therapy group based on whether their condition improved by 1 log after a single dose of rituximab. The incidence of PTLD after HSCT in children with AA was 10.16%, and the incidence of PTLD in patients with age >10 years was significantly increased ( χ (2)=11.336, P =0.010). Of the 31 patients, 27 were clinically diagnosed and 4 were pathologically confirmed. Finally, 15 patients were classified into the rituximab treatment group and 15 patients into the combination treatment groups. Finally three patients died, and the 2-year overall survival rate was (89.7±5.6) %. Standard pre-treatment protocols and EBV reactivation are risk factors affecting the prognosis of PTLD. There was no statistically significant difference in the impact of the two treatment schemes on prognosis.

Background: Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a high complete remission (CR) rate, but relapse and prolonged measurable residual disease remain serious problems. We sought to describe the CR rate measurable residual disease negative rate and address the results and safety of pediatric patients who underwent after receiving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for CD19 (CAR-19) followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of Ph-positive ALL., Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at Peking University People's Hospital from September 2013 to January 2021. 13 patients with relapsed/refractory Ph-positive B-ALL who received CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT were included. We concentrated on the overall patient survival and CR rate., Results: The median time between CAR-T therapy and allo-HSCT was 58 days. Among all the patients, the CR rate was 100%, the flow cytometry negativity rate was 84.62%, and the BCR-ABL negativity rate was 53.85% at 1 month after CAR-T infusion. All the patients achieved a major molecular response in 6 months after HSCT. After a median follow-up of 45 months, the 3-year OS rate was 66.7%, and the 3-year DFS rate was 61.5%. The 3-year OS rate of patients with BCR-ABL-positive pre-HSCT was significantly lower than that in the BCR-ABL-negative group (40.0% vs. 85.7%, P =0.042). Also, the same trend was observed for the 3-year DFS rate but did not differ significantly (40.0% vs. 75.0%, P =0.233)., Conclusions: CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT can be a safe and effective treatment for Ph-positive B-ALL pediatric patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Meroterpenoids discovered in Rhododendrons species possess unique chemical structures and biological activities and are expected to become new drug targets for Alzheimer's disease, metabolic disorders, and chronic kidney disease, and these compounds have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, Rhododendron meroterpenoids and their structures, classifications, racemate distribution, biosynthetic pathways, chemical synthesis, and bioactivities are reviewed prior to 2023., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Previous studies have revealed dexmedetomidine have potential protective effects on vital organs by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on sepsis, especially in the initial inflammatory stage of sepsis. RAW264.7 cells were used as the cell model in this study to elucidate the underlying mechanisms., Methods: In this study, we conducted several assays to investigate the mechanisms of dexmedetomidine and HOTAIR in sepsis. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 kit, while inflammation responses were measured using ELISA for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, we employed qPCR, MeRIP, and RIP to further explore the underlying mechanisms., Results: Our findings indicate that dexmedetomidine treatment enhanced cell viability and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of HOTAIR was increased in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, which was then decreased upon dexmedetomidine pre-treatment. Further investigation demonstrated that HOTAIR could counteract the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on cell viability and cytokine production. Interestingly, we discovered that YTHDF1 targeted HOTAIR and was upregulated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, but reduced in dexmedetomidine treatment. We also found that YTHDF1 increased HOTAIR and HOTAIR m6A levels., Conclusions: Collectively, our results suggest that dexmedetomidine downregulates HOTAIR and YTHDF1 expression, which in turn inhibits the biological behavior of LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. This finding has potential implications for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-induced kidney injury., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Novel N -ethy-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavonols, myricetin alkaloids A-C ( 1 - 3 ), quercetin alkaloids A-C ( 4a , 4b , and 5 ), and kaempferol alkaloids A and B ( 6 and 7 ), were prepared from thermal reaction products of myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol─l-theanine, respectively. We used HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS to detect 1 - 7 in 14 cultivars of green tea and found that they were all present in "Shuchazao," "Longjing 43", "Fudingdabai", and "Zhongcha 108" green teas. The structures of 1 - 4 and 6 were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. These flavonol alkaloids along with their skeletal flavonols were assessed for anti-Alzheimer's disease effect based on molecular docking, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 model. Compound 7 strongly binds to the protein amyloid β (Aβ 1-42 ) through hydrogen bonds (BE: -9.5 kcal/mol, K i : 114.3 nM). Compound 3 (100 μM) is the strongest one in significantly extending the mean lifespan (13.4 ± 0.5 d, 43.0% promotion), delaying the Aβ 1-42 -induced paralysis (PT 50 : 40.7 ± 1.9 h, 17.1% promotion), enhancing the locomotion (140.0% promotion at 48 h), and alleviating glutamic acid (Glu)-induced neurotoxicity (153.5% promotion at 48 h) of CL4176 worms ( p < 0.0001).

Data from 200 children with high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia who underwent their first haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) between 2015 and 2021 at our institution were analysed. The 4-year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 71.9%, 62.3% and 32.4% respectively. The 100-day cumulative incidences of grade II-IV and III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were 41.1% and 9.5% respectively. The 4-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 56.1%, and that of moderate-to-severe cGVHD was 27.3%. Minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive (MRD+) status pre-HSCT was significantly associated with lower survival and a higher risk of relapse. The 4-year OS, EFS and CIR differed significantly between patients with MRD+ pre-HSCT (n = 97; 63.4%, 51.4% and 41.0% respectively) and those with MRD-negative (MRD-) pre-HSCT (n = 103; 80.5%, 73.3% and 23.8% respectively). Multivariate analysis also revealed that acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL) was associated with extremely poor outcomes (hazard ratios and 95% CIs for OS, EFS and CIR: 3.110 (1.430-6.763), 3.145 (1.628-6.074) and 3.250 (1.529-6.910) respectively; p-values were 0.004, 0.001 and 0.002 respectively). Thus, haplo-HSCT can be a therapy option for these patients, and MRD status pre-HSCT significantly affects the outcomes. As patients with non-DS-AMKL have extremely poor outcomes, even with haplo-HSCT, a combination of novel therapies is urgently needed., (© 2023 British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a renewable resource derived from lignocellulosic materials, known for its optical permeability, biocompatibility, and unique self-assembly properties. Recent years have seen great progresses in cellulose nanocrystal-based chiral photonic materials. However, due to its inherent brittleness, cellulose nanocrystal shows limitations in the fields of flexible materials, optical sensors and food freshness testing. In order to solve the above limitations, attempts have been made to improve the flexibility of cellulose nanocrystal materials without destroying their structural color. Despite these progresses, a systematic review on them is lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by providing an overview of the main strategies and the latest research findings on the flexibilization of cellulose nanocrystal-based chiral nematic film materials (FCNM). Specifically, typical substances and methods used for their preparation are summarized. Moreover, different kinds of cellulose nanocrystal-based composites are compared in terms of flexibility. Finally, potential applications and future challenges of flexible cellulose nanocrystal-based chiral nematic materials are discussed, inspiring further research in this field., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients <3 years of age remains controversial. Data on haploidentical donor (HID) transplants in this age group is limited., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the prognosis of 97 patients with acute leukemia aged <3 years who underwent HID transplantation at our institute., Results: With a median follow-up of 45 months, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and 3-year cumulative incidence rate of treatment-related mortality were 69.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 59.9%-78.7%), 74.2% (95% CI: 65.2%-83.2%), and 3.6% (95% CI: 0.9%-9.7%) in all 97 patients, respectively. The 3-year DFS and OS rate in patients diagnosed <1 year and patients diagnosed ≥1 year were comparable: 77.8% (95% CI: 62.2%-93.4%) versus 66.3% (95% CI: 55.0%-77.6%, p = .253) and 82.5% (95% CI: 66.3-98.7%) versus 72.8% (95% CI: 61.9%-83.7%, p = .153), respectively. At the last follow-up, 23 patients had died, and 20 had died of relapse. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive pre-HSCT flow cytometric minimal residual disease (hazard ratio 5.605, p = .000) and AML-M7 expression (hazard ratio 2.906, p = .014) were independent adverse prognostic variables for relapse., Conclusions: HID transplantation is potent and safe for infants and young patients with acute leukemia. Relapse is the primary cause of treatment failure., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Previous clinical trials have reported that acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is a useful modality for weight loss. However, no study has specifically investigated the effectiveness and safety of comparing verum and sham ACE in adults with obesity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of comparing verum and sham ACE in obese adults., Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biomedical Literature Service System from inception to April 1, 2022. Randomized clinical trials that focused on evaluating the effectiveness of comparing verum and sham ACE in adults with obesity were included. The primary outcomes included reduction in body weight, body mass index, hip circumference, and waist circumference. The secondary outcomes consisted of a decrease in body fat percentage and the occurrence rate of adverse events. The methodological quality of the included randomized clinical trials was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software., Results: Six trials involving 679 adults with obesity were included in this study and entered in the data analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed significant reduction in body weight (mean difference [MD] = -1.68, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-2.34, -1.01], I2 = 51%, P < .001), body mass index (MD = -0.51, 95% CI [-0.81, -0.21], I2 = 74%, P < .001), hip circumference (MD = -1.11, 95% CI [-1.67, -0.55], I2 = 0%, P < .001), waist circumference (MD = -2.42, 95% CI [-3.38, -1.45], I2 = 68%, P < .001), and decrease in body fat percentage (MD = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.30, -0.36], I2 = 16%, P < .001) in comparing verum and sham ACE. However, no significant difference was identified in AEs (odds ratio = 1.53, 95% CI [0.80, 2.95], I2 = 0%, P = .20) between the 2 groups., Conclusion: ACE is effective in the treatment of obesity in adults with safety profile. Further studies with higher quality and larger sample size are warranted to confirm the current findings., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Introduction: The role of haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) ETV6/RUNX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is unclear. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and explore the role of haplo-HSCT in the treatment of ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL., Methods: We analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 20 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL and received chemotherapy/chimeric antigen receptor T-cell bridged to haplo-HSCT between 2016 and 2021 at our institution., Results: With a median follow-up time of 47 months, the 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 35.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.3-57.1%), 59.1% (95% CI: 37.2-81.0%), and 75.0% (95% CI: 56.0-94.0%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-HSCT measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity (hazard ratio, 13.275; 95% CI: 2.406-73.243; p = 0.003) had a significant negative impact on relapse. A total of 7 patients experienced positive ETV6/RUNX1 gene expression at a median of 7.2 months after haplo-HSCT, and 5 of them experienced relapse at a median time of 12.1 months after haplo-HSCT. ROC curve analysis was performed to analyze the significance of pre-HSCT and post-HSCT ETV6/RUNX1 transcripts for predicting relapse; the AUC were 0.798 (95% CI: 0.567-1.0, p = 0.035) and 0.875 (95% CI: 0.690-1.0, p = 0.008), respectively. The optimal cut-off points to predict an inevitable relapse were 0.011% and 0.0019%, respectively., Conclusion: Patients with R/R ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL may benefit from haplo-HSCT. Deeply eliminating pre-HSCT MRD and preemptive treatment for post-HSCT MRD may be crucial to further improving the prognosis., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background: Venous catheters are widely used in clinical practice, but a drawback of their usage is the increased risk of thrombosis., Aims: The current study explored the risk factors affecting the formation of thrombosis following venous catheterization and establishes a risk nomogram prediction model for catheter-related thrombosis., Methods: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent factors involved in venous catheter thrombosis. These factors were included in the construction of a nomogram. Finally, the C-index and calibration curves were used to validate the nomogram., Result: A total of 146 cases were included in the sample, of which 36 were cases of thrombosis. The results of the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following were significant factors: age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scoring system (APACHE II) score, white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB), and D-dimer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, which confirmed that the factors of age (AUC: 0.677, 95% CI: 0.564-0.790), APACHE II score (AUC: 0.746, 95% CI: 0.656-0.837), INR (AUC: 0.743, 95% CI: 0.636-0.849), and D-dimer (AUC: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.750-0.902) were independent variables. Next, a nomogram was constructed using these independent variables for predicting venous catheter thrombosis. Favorable results with C-indexes (0.816; 95% CI: 0.780-0.882) and calibration curves closer to ideal curves indicated the accurate predictive ability of this nomogram., Conclusion: The individualized nomogram demonstrated effective prognostic prediction for patients with venous thrombosis., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.)

Three new cyclic peptides, meristosporins A, B, and C ( 1 - 3 ), one of which features an unusual amino acid, were isolated from the opportunistic pathogen Basidiobolus meristosporus and identified by 1D, 2D NMR, MS/MS, and Marfey's analysis. The biosynthetic pathway of the hexapeptide meristosporin A ( 1 ) was deduced based on nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 and 293T cells, respectively. These compounds may be involved in the fungal injury caused to human cells.

This study aimed to investigate the research hotspots and global trends of acupuncture in the treatment of headaches from 1974 to 2022. The Web of Science core collection database and literature related to acupuncture for headache treatment were retrieved. The CiteSpace (version 5.1.R8) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) software perform collaborative network analysis on the information of countries, academic institutions, authors, and co-occurrence network analysis on keywords, co-cited journals, and references. A total of 841 studies were included. Overall, the number of publications has increased over the past 5 decades. We identified and analyzed the countries, institutions, authors, and journals that were most active in the domain of acupuncture treatment for headaches. The most productive countries were the United States and China. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the most productive institution and Linde Klaus was the most productive author. Cephalalgia was the most productive and co-cited journal, whereas Lancet had the highest impact factor. The research hotspots mainly focus on headache, migraine, tension headache, electroacupuncture, and acupuncture. Research trends have mainly focused on acupuncture therapy and its curative effects, migraine without aura, paroxysmal migraine, and the mechanism of acupuncture treatment. The main research hotspots and frontier trends were the therapeutic effect and mechanism of acupuncture for headaches. The mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of headache mainly focused on the neural mechanism by multimodal MRI., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: The number of patients with thrombocytopenia (TCP) is relatively high in intensive care units (ICUs). It is therefore necessary to evaluate the prognostic risk of such patients., Aim: This study investigated the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with TCP in the ICU. Using the findings of this investigation, we developed and validated a risk prediction model., Methods: We evaluated patients admitted to the ICU who presented with TCP. We used LASSO regression to identify important clinical indicators. Based on these indicators, we developed a prediction model complete with a nomogram for the development cohort set. We then evaluated the mode's accuracy using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in a validation cohort., Results: A total of 141 cases of ICU TCP were included in the sample, of which 47 involved death of the patient. Clinical results were as follows: N (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.97, P =0.003); TBIL (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02-1.99, P =0.048); APACHE II (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39, 2.48, P =0.045); WPRN (HR 6.22, 95% CI 2.86-13.53, P <0.001); WTOST (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.21-1.46, P <0.001); and DMV [HR1.87, 95% CI 1.12-2.33]. The prediction model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.918 (95% CI 0.863-0.974) in the development cohort and 0.926 (95% CI 0.849-0.994) in the validation cohort. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort gave good discrimination (C-index 0.853, 95% CI 0.810-0.922) and good calibration. DCA indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful., Conclusion: The individualized nomogram developed through our analysis demonstrated effective prognostic prediction for patients with TCP in ICUs. Use of this prediction metric may reduce TCP-related morbidity and mortality in ICUs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper., (© 2023 Jiang et al.)

Methylation is a common structural modification of catechins in tea, which can improve the bioavailability of catechins. Flavoalkaloids are catechin derivatives with a nitrogen containing five-membered ring at the C-6 or C-8 position. Here we isolated three new methylated flavoalkaloids from Echa 1 green tea (Camellia sinensis cv. Echa 1) and synthesized another four new methylated flavoalkaloids. The structures of the new ester-type methylated catechins (etmc)-pyrrolidinone A-G (1-7) were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), optical rotation, infrared, UV-vis, experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and high-resolution mass. Among them, 6 and 7 showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and significantly lowered lipid content of Caenorhabditis elegans with 73.50 and 67.39% inhibition rate, respectively. Meanwhile, 6 and 7 also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro and stress resistance to heat, oxidative stress, and UV irradiation in nematodes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Guan-Hu Bao reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Epigallocatechin-3- O -(4- O -methyl)gallate (EGCG4″Me) in Camellia sinensis possesses numerous beneficial biological activities. However, the germplasm rich in EGCG4″Me and the O -methyltransferase responsible for EGCG4″Me biosynthesis are poorly understood. Herein, the content of EGCG3″Me and EGCG4″Me in the shoots of 13 cultivars was analyzed to demonstrate that EGCG4″Me is characteristically accumulated in the "GZMe4" cultivar but not in the other 12 cultivars. A novel O -methyltransferase (CsOMTL1) was identified from "GZMe4" using RNA-Seq and correlation analysis. Using the recombinant enzyme, EGCG4″Me was synthesized in vitro. Overexpression of CsOMTL1 via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation caused constitutive accumulation of EGCG4″Me in C. sinensis callus. Moreover, the transcription factor CsMADSL1 localized in the nucleus activated the transcription of CsOMTL1 and specifically interacted with its promoter. Hence, our study identified a novel O -methyltransferase that characteristically catalyzes the synthesis of EGCG4″Me and a positive regulator of EGCG4″Me synthesis in "GZMe4", which might provide a strategy for the breeding of a tea cultivar rich in EGCG4″Me.

Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) has been approved and widely used in healthy food. The present study aimed to improve the flavor of summer Keemun black tea (KBT) using C. militaris solid-state fermentation. Combined with sensory evaluation, the volatile and non-volatile components of solid-state fermentation of KBT (SSF-KBT) and KBT were analyzed. The results showed that after the solid-state fermentation, the contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total free amino acids were significantly reduced. Further non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the contents of non-galloylated catechins and d-mannitol increased, while the galloylated catechins and flavonoid glycosides decreased as did the bitterness and astringency of KBT. Dihydro-β-ionone and β-ionone (OAV = 59321.97 and 8154.17) were the aroma-active compounds imparting woody and floral odors in SSF-KBT, respectively. Current study provides a new avenue to develop summer-autumn KBT., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Guan-Hu Bao reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Guan-Hu Bao reports was provided by Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan. Guan-Hu Bao has patent #CN202111290451X pending to China Intellectual Property Administration., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To meet more application requirements, improving mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency has become the focus of current research on self-healing PU. The competitive relationship between self-healing ability and mechanical properties cannot be avoided by a single self-healing method. To address this problem, a growing number of studies have combined dynamic covalent bonding with other self-healing methods to construct the PU structure. This review summarizes recent studies on PU materials that combine typical dynamic covalent bonds with other self-healing methods. It mainly includes four parts: hydrogen bonding, metal coordination bonding, nanofillers combined with dynamic covalent bonding and multiple dynamic covalent bond bonding. The advantages and disadvantages of different self-healing methods and their significant role in improving self-healing ability and mechanical properties in PU networks are analyzed. At the same time, the possible challenges and research directions of self-healing PU materials in the future are discussed.

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based chiral nematic structure is widely used in stimulus response and sensing. A popular area of research is enhancing the mechanical characteristics and environmental adaptability of chiral nematic materials. In this paper, a flexible photonic film with self-healing ability (FPFS) was prepared by combining waterborne polyurethane containing dynamic covalent disulfide bonds (SSWPU) with CNC. The results found that the FPFS showed excellent toughness under the action of stretching, bending, twisting, and folding. The FPFS exhibited an amazing self-healing efficiency, which can be self-healed within 2 h at room temperature. Moreover, the FPFS could respond immediately and produce reversible color change when it was soaked in typical solvents. In addition, when ethanol was used as ink to paint on the FPFS, a visible pattern only under polarized light was formed. This study offers fresh perspectives in the areas of self-healing, biological anticounterfeiting, solvent response, and flexible photonic materials.

Ischemic stroke is a kind of central nervous disease characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and high disability. Inflammation and autophagy play important roles in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury. The present study characterizes the effects of TLR4 activation on inflammation and autophagy in CI/R injury. An in vivo CI/R rat injury model and an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) SH-SY5Y cell model were established. Brain infarction size, neurological function, cell apoptosis, inflammatory mediators' levels, and gene expression were measured. Infarction, neurological dysfunction, and neural cell apoptosis were induced in CI/R rats or in H/R-induced cells. The expression levels of NLRP3, TLR4, LC3, TNF- α , interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) clearly increased in I/R rats or in H/R-induced cells, while TLR4 knockdown significantly suppressed NLRP3, TLR4, LC3, TNF- α , and interleukin-1/6/18 (IL-1/6/18) in H/R-induced cells, as well as cell apoptosis. These data indicate that TLR4 upregulation induced CI/R injury via stimulating NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. Therefore, TLR4, is a potential therapeutic target to improve management of ischemic stroke., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Li Mao et al.)

Objective: To explore the safety and feasibility of gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst. Methods: This work prospectively included the clinical data of 13 patients who underwent the gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst at the Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2021 to February 2022. The operative time, bleeding volumes, postoperative complications, subjective pain levels, satisfaction with incisional scars, neck and facial deformities, and recurrences were prospectively evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) score. Results: All of 13 patients were successfully treated using this new technique. The patients had a median age of 38 years, ranging from 24 to 59 years, comprising of 3 males and 10 females. The length of the submental incision was about 3 cm and the median of operation time was 135 minutes. Postoperative complications were minimal. The median volume of blood loss was 10 ml. Surgical site swelling existed in 1 case and dysphagia for more than 1 week occurred in 2 cases. Patients were discharged from the hospital with a median of 3 days after surgery. On a VAS of 0-10 scores, the pain had a median of 2 on the first day after surgery, and the satisfaction with incision scars and neck and facial deformities showed a median of 8 at 6 months after surgery. There were no recurrences during the follow-up period of 9-15 months. Conclusion: Gasless submental approach endoscopic removal of thyroglossal cyst may be a reliable new surgical method that is safe and has cosmetic advantages.

For more than half a century，the modern bioresearch in acupuncture has made remarkable advancements, proving scientific basis underlying the traditional, intuitive treatment, as well as leading to some new discoveries with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture as we know it. Meanwhile, the clinical researches have started to shift its paradigm from traditional individual observation to modern evidence-based medicine. However, there is little interaction between basic and clinic researches, which are like two separate worlds, not benefiting each other. Also the education and training of acupuncture are still traditional style, little combining with modern studies. To bridging the large gap, we need translational science involving in. In this article, with a critical reviews of the limitations of the traditional methods of acupuncture, the challenges faced by clinic practices and placebo-control studies, and the advantages and disadvantages of basic research, we propose a methodological paradigm of the translational research, Translational Acupuncture Research Spectrum, that meets the current situation of acupuncture researches, hoping to give insights into this field and to promote modern acupuncture to move towards a new stage.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a global health problem with wide lesions and numerous cases. The increased morbidity and mortality of GI cancer is a socio-economic challenge for decades to come. Melatonin, a nature indolamine, exerts a crucial role in molecular interactions involved in multiple functional and physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that melatonin can modulate GI tract, decrease the occurrence of GI cancer, and enhance the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. However, little is known about the exact role of melatonin in anti-carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the action of the beneficial effects of melatonin in GI carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we compile the understanding of the role of melatonin in GI cancer, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and pancreatic cancer (PC). In addition, the potential therapeutic application and clinical evaluation of melatonin in GI cancer are also discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gong, Hou, Xiang, Li, Hu and Chen.)

With the proposal of carbon neutralization, countries pay much more attention to environmental protection. As waste electric vehicle battery (WEVB) has an important impact on the environment, its reverse logistics process has been a vital issue, in which an excellent reverse logistics network (RLN) becomes a prerequisite for waste recycling, cost reduction, profit increasement and efficiency improvement. However, reverse logistics network design (RLND) for WEVBs is still a significant challenge. In general, the amount and quality of the returned product in a RLN are highly uncertain, and the WEVB market in China is no exception to this. From a circular economic and environmental perspective, this paper is devoted to designing a multi-participants-based RLN for WEVBs, considering recycling and remanufacturing processes. Then, a fuzzy optimization model is proposed to determine the number and location of facilities in this RLN, promote sustainable development, reduce environmental pollution, and consider carbon emissions and two types of WEVBs. Finally, the results from a case study in Chongqing show good performance in cost reduction, profit increasement and efficiency improvement, which could significantly support the decision-making of WEVBs recycling., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

SARS-CoV-2 M pro (Mpro) is the critical cysteine protease in coronavirus viral replication. Tea polyphenols are effective M pro inhibitors. Therefore, we aim to isolate and synthesize more novel tea polyphenols from Zhenghedabai (ZHDB) white tea methanol-water (MW) extracts that might inhibit COVID-19. Through molecular networking, 33 compounds were identified and divided into 5 clusters. Further, natural products molecular network (MN) analysis showed that MN1 has new phenylpropanoid-substituted ester-catechin (PSEC), and MN5 has the important basic compound type hydroxycinnamoylcatechins (HCCs). Thus, a new PSEC (1, PSEC636) was isolated, which can be further detected in 14 green tea samples. A series of HCCs were synthesized (2-6), including three new acetylated HCCs (3-5). Then we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to analyze the equilibrium dissociation constants (K D ) for the interaction of 12 catechins and M pro . The K D values of PSEC636 (1), EGC-C (2), and EC-CDA (3) were 2.25, 2.81, and 2.44 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed the potential M pro inhibition with IC 50 5.95 ± 0.17, 9.09 ± 0.22, and 23.10 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. Further, we used induced fit docking (IFD), binding pose metadynamics (BPMD), and molecular dynamics (MD) to explore the stable binding pose of M pro -1, showing that 1 could tightly bond with the amino acid residues THR 26 , HIS 41 , CYS 44 , TYR 54 , GLU 166 , and ASP 187 . The computer modeling studies reveal that the ester, acetyl, and pyrogallol groups could improve inhibitory activity. Our research suggests that these catechins are effective M pro inhibitors, and might be developed as therapeutics against COVID-19., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Guan-Hu Bao has patent # CN113429372A pending to Anhui Agricultural University., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Ventricular remodeling (VR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (KR) is the flavonoid glycoside with the highest content in Lu'an GuaPian tea, which has good pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism of KR against VR after AMI remains unclear. Molecular docking was used to predict the targets of KR on the NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Histological changes in the myocardium were visualized using HE staining, Masson staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected using TUNEL. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD. IL-1β level in serum was detected using ELISA. Finally, the expressions of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, GSDMD, and IL-1β were measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results showed that KR had a good binding activity with NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD, significantly improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac pathological changes, reduced the excessive deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen, and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AMI rats. Furthermore, KR could decrease the IL-1β level and inhibit the expressions of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, GSDMD, and IL-1β. Our study suggests that KR can prevent and treat VR after AMI, and the protective effect is related to its regulatory NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside is present in Carthamus tinctorius L., Nymphaea candida, Afgekia mahidoliae and green tea, which has good pharmacological activities against liver injury, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, dementia, hyperglycemia, and myocardial infarction. Our previous study found that kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside had an obvious anti-inflammatory effect, and could significantly improve the cell survival rate of H9c2 myocardium inflammatory injury induced by LPS. In this study, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside significantly improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac pathological changes, reduced the excessive deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen, and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AMI rats. Furthermore, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside could decrease the IL-1β level and inhibit the expressions of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β, suggesting that kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside could regulate NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Green tea polyphenols show positive effects on human health and longevity. However, knowledge of the antiaging properties of green tea is limited to the major catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The search for new ingredients in tea with strong antiaging activity deserves further study. Here we isolated and identified two new catechins from Zijuan green tea, named zijuanin E (1) and zijuanin F (2). Their structures were identified by extensive high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-vis (UV), infrared (IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses, and their 13 C NMR and CD data were calculated. We used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) to analyze the health benefits and longevity effects of 1 and 2. Compounds 1 and 2 (100 μM) remarkably prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans by 67.2% and 56.0%, respectively, delaying the age-related decline of phenotypes, enhancing stress resistance, and reducing ROS and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, 1 and 2 did not affect the lifespan of daf-16 , daf-2 , sir-2.1 , and skn-1 mutant worms, suggesting that they might work via the insulin/IGF and SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. Meanwhile, 1 and 2 also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro . Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) evidence suggests that zijuanins E and F have strong human serum albumin (HSA) binding ability. Together, zijuanins E and F represent a new valuable class of tea components that promote healthspan and could be developed as potential dietary therapies against aging.

Background: T cells play critical roles in the progression of tuberculosis (TB); however, knowledge regarding these molecular mechanisms remains inadequate. This study constructed a critical ceRNA network was constructed to identify the potentially important role of TB activation via T-cell regulation. Methods: We performed integrated bioinformatics analysis in a randomly selected training set from the GSE37250 dataset. After estimating the abundance of 18 types of T cells using ImmuCellAI, critical T-cell subsets were determined by their diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing active from latent TB. We then identified the critical genes associated with T-cell subsets in TB activation through co-expression analysis and PPI network prediction. Then, the ceRNA network was constructed based on RNA complementarity detection on the DIANA-LncBase and mirDIP platform. The gene biomarkers included in the ceRNA network were lncRNA, miRNA, and targeting mRNA. We then applied an elastic net regression model to develop a diagnostic classifier to assess the significance of the gene biomarkers in clinical applications. Internal and external validations were performed to assess the repeatability and generalizability. Results: We identified CD4 + T, Tr1, nTreg, iTreg, and Tfh as T cells critical for TB activation. A ceRNA network mediated by the MIR600HG/hsa-mir-21-5p axis was constructed, in which the significant gene cluster regulated the critical T subsets in TB activation. MIR600HG, hsa-mir-21-5p, and five targeting mRNAs (BCL11B, ETS1, EPHA4, KLF12, and KMT2A) were identified as gene biomarkers. The elastic net diagnostic classifier accurately distinguished active TB from latent. The validation analysis confirmed that our findings had high generalizability in different host background cases. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of TB activation and identifying prospective biomarkers for clinical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hong, Guan, Peng, Luo and Mao.)

The piezoelectric effect is one of the most promising electromechanical coupling processes for mechanical energy conversion and energy harvesting. However, natural polymer based piezoelectric materials are of poor piezoelectric performance. we developed flexible porous piezoelectric aerogel films based on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN) and MoS 2 nanosheets. Those aerogel films possessed large specific surface areas and abundant mesopores. Moreover, they exhibited very good piezoelectric properties when a field strength of 20 MV/m was used to polarize MoS 2 nanosheets and air in the mesopores. When assembled to piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), a TOCN/MoS 2 aerogel film PENG containing 6 wt% of MoS 2 exhibited the best output performance. It generated an open circuit voltage of 42 V and a short-circuit current of 1.1 μA, a maximum area power density of 1.29 μW/cm 2 and a maximum volume power density of 0.143 μW/cm 3 . These features enable them to be promising piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Ischemic stroke is a common disease that led to high mortality and high disability. NADPH oxidase 2- (NOX2-) mediated oxidative stress and long noncoding RNA have important roles in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury, whereas whether there is interplay between them remains to be clarified. This study was performed to observe the role of lncRNA PINK1-antisense RNA (PINK1-AS) in NOX2 expression regulation. An in vivo rat model (MCAO) and an in vitro cell model (H/R: hypoxia/reoxygenation) were utilized for CI/R oxidative stress injury investigation. The expression levels of lncRNA PINK1-AS, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), NOX2, and caspase-3 and the production level of ROS and cell apoptosis were significantly increased in CI/R injury model rats or in H/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells, but miR-203 was significantly downregulated. There was positive correlation between PINK1-AS expression level and ROS production level. PINK1-AS and ATF2 were found to be putative targets of miR-203. Knockdown of lncRNA PINK1-AS or ATF2 or the overexpression of miR-203 significantly reduced oxidative stress injury via inhibition of NOX2. Overexpression of lncRNA PINK1 significantly led to oxidative stress injury in SH-SY5Y cells through downregulating miR-203 and upregulating ATF2 and NOX2. lncRNA PINK1-AS and ATF2 were the targets of miR-203, and the lncRNA PINK1-AS/miR-203/ATF2/NOX2 axis plays pivotal roles in CI/R injury. Therefore, lncRNA PINK1-AS is a possible target for CR/I injury therapy by sponging miR-203., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhong-Bao Yang et al.)

Current studies have shown that plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) level is closely related to the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), that is, the possibility of AMI occurrence is positively correlated with TMAO level. The production of TMAO is mainly due to the transformation of trimethylamine (TMA) through the hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase. Hence, inhibition of TMA production is essential. Flavonoids are considered to be mainly responsible for the health-promoting effects, and tea is rich in a variety of flavonoids. However, it is not clear that flavonoids from Lu'an GuaPian tea regulate gut microflora by inhibiting TMA-lyase activity to prevent AMI. Sixteen flavonoids from Lu'an GuaPian tea for the treatment of AMI based on the inhibition of TMA-lyase were summarized and screened. Docking results showed kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside had the highest Vina score, which means that it is the most active and can be used as lead compounds for structural modification. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: TMAO can be used as a marker of CHD and thus as a potential research object. Lu'an GuaPian tea is one of the top 10 famous teas in China and has the aroma of chestnuts and orchids. The flavonoids in Lu'an GuaPian tea are mainly composed of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides. Since flavonoids have cardiovascular protection and can regulate gut microbiota, and gut microbiota is directly related to TMAO, reduction of TMAO level is to inhibit the transformation from TMA to TMAO. Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosylgalactoside, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosylgalactoside, and myricetin 3-O-galactoside in Lu'an GuaPian tea have good binding affinities with TMA-lyase., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Even though polyurethane (PU) has been widely applied, its superhydrophobicity is inadequate for certain applications. As such, the development of superhydrophobic polyurethane (SHPU) has recently attracted significant attention, with numerous motivating reports in recent years. However, a comprehensive review that summarizes these state-of-the-art developments remains lacking. Thus, this review aims to fill up this gap by reviewing the recent preparation methods for SHPU based on superhydrophobic theories and principles. Three main types of methods used in promoting the hydrophobicity of PU are emphasized in this review; (1) incorporation of silicide or fluoride to lower the surface energy, (2) creation of micro/nano-scale rough surfaces by electrospinning or grafting of nanoparticles, and (3) integrating the earlier two methods to develop a synergistic approach. Furthermore, this review also discussed the various applications of SHPU in oil spill treatment, protective coating, self-healing materials and sensors., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in bacterial multiple drug resistance, thereby searching for natural antimicrobial agents from plants becomes an effective and alternative approach. In the present study, we selected six foodborne bacteria to evaluate the antibacterial activities of 12 medicinal plants ethyl acetate (EA) extracts., Objective: This study aims to search for natural antibiotic substitutes from plant extracts. The antibacterial components were further discussed through chemometric and mass spectroscopic analyses., Methodology: Agar well diffusion and the microdilution methods were used to test the antibacterial activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to judge the active phytochemicals. To further characterise the potential antibacterial components, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with Pearson correlation and feature-based molecular network (FBMN) were proposed., Results: Most of the plant extracts possessed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks showed high inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Salmonella typhi was highly sensitive to Firmiana simplex barks with an inhibitory diameter up to 21.67 ± 0.95 mm, and MIC at 0.78 mg/mL. Moreover, Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks had the highest TPCs., Conclusion: Our results indicated that Toona sinensis shoots, Koelreuteria paniculate seeds, and Firmiana simplex barks could be supplied as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, 36 potential bioactive compounds were identified mainly as polyphenols, glycosides, and terpenoids., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)