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There has been a longstanding debate on whether plutonic and subvolcanic rocks have a petrogenetic connection, and the Jurassic Shuikoushan caldera complex in South China serves as an ideal case study for unraveling this geological puzzle. SIMS U–Pb dating of zircon indicates the formation age of plutonic (granodiorite) and subvolcanic rocks (dacite porphyry and rhyolite porphyry) from the Shuikoushan caldera complex at ca.159 Ma. In terms of geochemical composition, granodiorite and dacite porphyry exhibit higher levels of MgO (1.98–3.63%), MnO (0.07–0.11%), FeOt (5.12–6.15%), Sr (342–547 ppm), and Ba (754–1200 ppm) compared to the rhyolite porphyry. Conversely, they show lower concentrations of Rb (2.04–27.1 ppm), as well as lower ratios of Rb/Sr (0.004–0.055) and Rb/Ba (0.004–0.023). The distinct but complementary geochemical characteristics between these rock types are evident in the Shuikoushan caldera complex. Overall, zircon grains from all three rock types exhibit similar negative ε Hf(t) values (–8.1 to –12.4) with high δ 18O values (8.3–9.7‰), suggesting a common source region. Based on lithological and geochemical evidence, it is proposed that the rhyolite porphyry represents extracted melt from the mush reservoir. In contrast, the granodiorite and dacite porphyry are residual melts enriched in cumulates. This interpretation supports the idea that crystal–melt segregation processes were crucial in connecting the late Jurassic subvolcanic and plutonic rocks within the Shuikoushan complex.

Abstract Background Management of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF)-derived adjacent segment disease (ASD) represented a challenge facing the surgeons. Methods A 41-year man diagnosed as C3-4 level ASD derived from C5-level ACCF surgery 13 years ago was admitted to the hospital for numbness and pain in the right shoulder and upper limb. Percutaneous full-endoscopic anterior transcorporeal cervical discectomy (PEATCD) was performed, and pre- and postoperative clinical and imaging data were collected. Results The operation was completed within 70 min, and no clinical or radiological complication was reported. The visual analog scale (VAS) score decreased from preoperative 5 points to postoperative 1 point. Numbness was relieved postoperatively and disappeared completely at postoperative 3 months. Imaging data indicated sufficient spinal cord decompression, good channel repairing and cervical alignment. Conclusions Channel-repairing PEATCD was successfully performed to treat ACCF-derived ASD, nevertheless, the long-term efficacy remained tracing and further clinical trials were needed to validate its efficacy.

The focus of this article is to explore the Bohr inequality for a specific subset of harmonic starlike mappings introduced by Ghosh and Vasudevarao (Some basic properties of certain subclass of harmonic univalent functions, Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. 63 (2018), no. 12, 1687–1703.). This set is denoted as ℬH0(M)≔{f=h+g¯∈ℋ0:∣zh″(z)∣≤M−∣zg″(z)∣}{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal B} }}}_{H}^{0}\left(M):= \{f=h+\overline{g}\in {{\mathcal{ {\mathcal H} }}}_{0}:| z{h}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(z)| \le M-| z{g}^{^{\prime\prime} }\left(z)| \} for z∈Dz\in {\mathbb{D}}, where 0

This paper, through the method of subjective screening indicators, initially determined the Xiangxi Wu Nuo cultural evaluation indicators, and the use of hierarchical analysis of the history of Xiangxi Wu Nuo cultural indicators decomposed into different levels, and then the way the block diagram to indicate the hierarchical recursive structure and the affiliation of the factors. According to the effective amount of information provided by the metric data, using entropy weighting method to calculate the subjective weights to construct the subjective evaluation model of the historical evolution of Xiangxi Wunuo culture and research and analysis of Xiangxi Wunuo culture. The results show that based on the hierarchical-entropy weight method of Xiangxi Wunuo cultural history evaluation of the likelihood ratio test of P

Infected bone defects (IBDs) remains a challenging problem for orthopedists. Clinically, routine management for IBDs has two stages: debridement and systematic antibiotics administration to control infection, and secondary grafting to repair bone defects. Whereas the efficacy is not satisfactory, because the overuse of antibiotics may lead to systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, as well as the secondary surgery would cause additional trauma and economic burden to the patients. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a novel scaffold for one-stage repair of IBDs. In this study, vancomycin (Van) was encapsulated into poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres through the double emulsion method, which were then loaded into the additively-manufactured porous tantalum (AM-Ta) through gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to produce the composite Ta/GelMA hydrogel (Gel)/PLGA/vancomycin(Van) scaffolds for repairing IBDs. Physiochemical characterization of the newly-developed scaffold indicated that the releasing duration of Van was over 2 weeks. Biological experiments indicated good biocompatibility of the composite scaffold, as well as bacteriostasis and osteointegration properties, which showed great potential for clinical application. The construction of this novel scaffold would provide new sight into the development of orthopaedic implants, shedding a novel light on the treatment of IBDs.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder comprising primary mechanical injury and secondary inflammatory response-mediated injury for which an effective treatment is still unavailable. It is well known that secondary inflammatory responses are a significant cause of difficulties in neurological recovery. An immune imbalance between M1/M2 macrophages at the sites of injury is involved in developing and progressing the secondary inflammatory response. Recently, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have shown significant therapeutic potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their potential multidirectional differentiation and immunomodulatory properties. Accumulating evidence shows that MSCs can regulate the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization, suppress downstream inflammatory responses, facilitate tissue repair and regeneration, and improve the prognosis of SCI. This article briefly overviews the impact of macrophages and MSCs on SCI and repair. It discusses the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate macrophage plasticity, including paracrine action, release of exosomes and apoptotic bodies, and metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, the article summarizes the relevant signaling pathways of MSCs that regulate macrophage polarization.

BackgroundSleep is an important physiological behavior in humans that is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. However, the association of sleep duration with health-related outcomes, including obesity-related factors, musculoskeletal diseases, and mortality because of different causes, has not been systematically reported. ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically investigate the effect of sleep duration on health-related outcomes. MethodsOverall, 54,664 participants with sleep information from 8 survey cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2020) were included in the analysis. Health-related outcomes comprised obesity-related outcomes (ie, BMI, obesity, waist circumference, and abdominal obesity), metabolism-related outcomes (ie, uric acid, hyperuricemia, and bone mineral density [BMD]), musculoskeletal diseases (ie, osteoarthritis [OA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]), and mortality because of different causes. The baseline information of participants including age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, total energy intake, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes was also collected as covariates. Information about the metabolism index, disease status, and covariates was acquired from the laboratory, examination, and questionnaire data. Survival information, including survival status, duration, and cause of death, was obtained from the National Death Index records. Quantile regression models and Cox regression models were used for association analysis between sleep duration and health-related outcomes. In addition, the threshold effect analysis, along with smooth curve fitting method, was applied for the nonlinear association analysis. ResultsParticipants were divided into 4 groups with different sleep durations. The 4 groups showed significant differences in terms of baseline data (Pinflection point). In addition, a significant threshold effect of sleep duration on BMD (P

Abstract Background Whether there was clinical superiority for the single‐radius prosthesis over the multi‐radius prothesis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) still remains to be clarified. We updated a meta‐analysis including prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the clinical prognosis of patients receiving single‐radius TKA (SR‐TKA) or multi‐radius TKA (MR‐TKA). Methods We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE for eligible RCTs. Two reviewers evaluated the study quality according to the Risk of Bias tool of the Cochrane Library and extracted the data in studies individually. The extracted data included the baseline data and clinical outcome. The baseline data include the author's name, country, and year of included studies, the name of knee prosthesis used in studies, sample size, follow‐up time, and BMI of patients. The clinical data comprised primary indicators including postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), sit‐to‐stand rest, severe postoperative scorings, such as visual analog scale (VAS), American Knee Society knee score (AKS), Oxford knee scoring (OKS), and SF‐36 Quality of Life Scale, as well as various secondary indicators of complications including anterior knee pain, postoperative infection, aseptic prosthesis loosening, and prosthesis revision. The data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software and STATA 12.0. The sensitivity analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. Results A total of 13 RCTs, along with 1720 patients and 1726 knees, were finally included in our present meta‐analysis. We found that patients in SR‐TKA group performed better in the sit‐to‐stand test (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.05–3.41, p = 0.03) and satisfaction evaluation (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.42–7.53, p = 0.005), which were only evaluated in two included RCTs. While no significant difference was found between SR‐TKA and MR‐TKA groups in terms of postoperative ROM, VAS scoring, AKS scoring, SF‐36 scoring, OKS scoring, and various complications including anterior knee pain, postoperative infection, aseptic prosthesis loosening, and prosthesis revision. Conclusion In conclusion, our present meta‐analysis indicated that SR implants were noninferior to MR implants in TKA, and SR implants could be an alternative choice over MR implants, since patients after SR‐TKA felt more satisfied and performed better in the sit‐to‐stand test, with no significant difference in complications between SR‐TKA and MR‐TKA groups. While more relevant clinical trials with long‐term follow‐up time and specific tests evaluating the function of knee extension mechanism should be carried out to further investigate the clinical performance of SR implants.

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease and closely associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Volatile organic chemicals (VOC), a common environment pollutant, was associated with some autoimmune diseases, while whether VOC exposure or which VOC leads to RA is yet clarified.MethodsA cross-sectional study using data from the 6 survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2017-2018, 2017-2020) of NHANES program was performed. The RA or non-arthritis status of participant was identified through a questionnaire survey. The quantile logistic regression method was used for correlation analysis between VOC metabolites (VOCs) in urine and RA. The covariates included age, gender, race, educational level, marital status, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, urine creatinine, albumin and marihuana use.ResultsA total of 9536 participants (aged 20 to 85) with 15 VOCs, comprising 618 RA and 8918 non-arthritis participants, was finally included for analysis. Participants in the RA group showed higher VOCs in urine than that in the non-arthritis group. A positive association between 2 VOCs (AMCC: Q4: OR=2.173, 95%CI: 1.021, 4.627. 3HPMA: Q2: OR=2.286, 95%CI: 1.207 - 4.330; Q4: OR=2.663, 95%CI: 1.288 -5.508.) and RA was detected in the model 3, which was independent of all the covariates. The relative parent compounds of the two VOCs included N,N-Dimethylformamide and acrolein.DiscussionThese findings suggested that the VOC exposure significantly associated with RA, providing newly epidemiological evidence for the establishment that environmental pollutants associated with RA. And also, more prospective studies and related experimental studies are needed to further validate the conclusions of this study.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-induced low back pain significantly influences the quality of life, placing a burden on public health systems worldwide. Currently available therapeutic strategies, such as conservative or operative treatment, cannot effectively restore intervertebral disc (IVD) function. Decellularized matrix (DCM) is a tissue-engineered biomaterial fabricated using physical, chemical, and enzymatic technologies to eliminate cells and antigens. By contrast, the extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagen and glycosaminoglycans, which are well retained, have been extensively studied in IVD regeneration. DCM inherits the native architecture and specific-differentiation induction ability of IVD and has demonstrated effectiveness in IVD regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, significant improvements have been achieved in the preparation process, mechanistic insights, and application of DCM for IDD repair. Herein, we comprehensively summarize and provide an overview of the roles and applications of DCM for IDD repair based on the existing evidence to shed a novel light on the clinical treatment of IDD.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are disorders characterized by degenerative degeneration of neurons and loss of their function. NDs have a complicated pathophysiology, of which neuroinflammation and neuronal death are significant factors. The inflammatory process known as pyroptosis (“fiery death”) is caused by a family of pore-forming proteins called Gasdermins (GSDMs), which appears downstream from the activation of the inflammasome. Clear evidence of enhanced pyroptosis-related proteins activity in common NDs has coincided with abnormal aggregation of pathological proteins (such as Aβ, tau, α-synuclein et al.), making pyroptosis an attractive direction for the recent study of NDs. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms driving pyroptosis, the mechanistic links between pyroptosis and NDs, and emerging therapeutic strategies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to inhibit pyroptosis for the treatment of NDs.

Despite the widespread application of Ti6Al4V and tantalum (Ta) in orthopedics, bioinertia and high cost limit their further applicability, respectively, and tremendous efforts have been made on the Ti6Al4V-Ta alloy and Ta coating to address these drawbacks. However, the scaffolds obtained are unsatisfactory. In this study, novel high-interface-strength Ti6Al4V-based porous Ta scaffolds were successfully manufactured using Laser Powder Bed Fusion for the first time, in which porous Ta was directly manufactured on a solid Ti6Al4V substrate. Mechanical testing revealed that the novel scaffolds were biomechanically compatible, and the interfacial bonding strength was as high as 447.5 MPa. In vitro biocompatibility assay, using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (r-BMSCs), indicated that the novel scaffolds were biocompatible. Alkaline phosphatase and mineralized nodule determination demonstrated that the scaffolds favored the osteogenic differentiation of r-BMSCs. Moreover, scaffolds were implanted into rabbits with femur bone defects, and imaging and histological evaluation identified considerable new bone formation and bone ingrowth, suggesting that the scaffolds were well integrated with the host bone. Overall, these results demonstrated good mechanical compatibility, biocompatibility, and osteointegration performance of the novel Ti6Al4V-based porous Ta scaffold, which possesses great potential for orthopedic clinical applications.

Bacterial infections can compromise the physical and biological functionalities of humans and pose a huge economical and psychological burden on infected patients. Nitric oxide (NO) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, whose mechanism of action is not affected by bacterial resistance. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous donor and carrier of NO, has gained increasing attention because of its potent antibacterial activity and efficient biocompatibility. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the application of GSNO in biomaterials. This review is based on the existing evidence that comprehensively summarizes the progress of antimicrobial GSNO applications focusing on their anti-infective performance, underlying antibacterial mechanisms, and application in anti-infective biomaterials. We provide an accurate overview of the roles and applications of GSNO in antibacterial biomaterials and shed new light on the avenues for future studies.

As an effective and possible method for computing PageRank problem, the inner-outer (IO) iteration has attracted wide interest in the past few years since it was first proposed by Gleich et al. (2010). In this paper, we present a variant of the IO iteration, which is based on multi-step power and multi-step splitting and is denoted by MPMIO. The description and convergence are discussed in detail. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The formation and evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in pipeline steel were investigated by SEM, EDS and INCA Feature Analysis System, with the industrial process of electric arc furnace → ladle furnace (LF) refining → vacuum degassing → continuous casting. The composition, size and amount of inclusions during refining process were discussed systematically. The results show that inclusions at each refining step are mainly small-particle inclusions (below 5 µm), and the total number of inclusions has been reduced significantly due to the refining effect of slag during LF refining. The calcium (Ca) treatment increases the amount of small inclusions. The types of inclusion are mainly Al2O3 and MnO–SiO2–Al2O3 before LF, and they are transformed into CaO–Al2O3, MgO–Al2O3 and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 during LF process. After Ca treatment, inclusions are changed to CaO–Al2O3–(CaS) and CaO–MgO–Al2O3–(CaS). Typical inclusions are still mainly CaO–Al2O3 and CaO–MgO–Al2O3 in tundish, but the composition of those inclusions has been changed and located to the low melting point region in ternary phase diagram. Such inclusions will further be removed as continuous casting approaches.

Introduction: With the development of photothermal technology, the appearance of composite photothermal hydrogels has increased the selectivity of treating infectious skin defects. However, how to design composite photothermal hydrogel with better antibacterial performance, reduce the resistance rate of bacteria, and the damage rate of normal tissue still needs further study.Methods: The Prussian blue and tannic acid were loaded on polyacrylamide hydrogels. Characterization of DLS, Zeta potential, UV absorption spectrum, hydrogel swelling rate, scanning electronic microscopic, drug release profile, photothermal properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. Experiments were measured by skin defect repair, antibacterial detection, and histological staining experiments.Results: The polyacrylamide hydrogel with photothermal effect and controllable release of tannic acid was successfully prepared. The hydrogel has strong light transmittance and adhesion, and the swelling rate can reach 600%, which improves the self-cleaning ability. SEM results showed the porous structure of hydrogels, promoting cell growth. Through photothermal switches, the composite hydrogel represented adjustable and controllable drug release ability. Combined with the synergistic antibacterial effect of tannic acid, this further enhanced the antibacterial ability and reduced the probability of antibiotic resistance. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the hydrogel had good biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial properties, which could promote the repair of infectious skin defects in SD rats.Conclusion: We fabricated a hydrogel with a triggering drug release rate, alleviating heat damage, transparent morphology, mechanical stability, strong adhesion, good biocompatibility, and synergistic antibacterial ability, which presents new treatment options for infectious skin defect repair.

ObjectivesOsteosarcoma was the most popular primary malignant tumor in children and adolescent, and the 5-year survival of osteosarcoma patients gained no substantial improvement over the past 35 years. This study aims to explore the role of lipid metabolism in the development and diagnosis of osteosarcoma.MethodsClinical information and corresponding RNA data of osteosarcoma patients were downloaded from TRGET and GEO databases. Consensus clustering was performed to identify new molecular subgroups. ESTIMATE, TIMER and ssGSEA analyses were applied to determinate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immune status of the identified subgroups. Functional analyses including GO, KEGG, GSVA and GSEA analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Prognostic risk model was constructed using LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwo molecular subgroups with significantly different survival were identified. Better prognosis was associated with high immune score, low tumor purity, high abundance of immune infiltrating cells and relatively high immune status. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs between the two subgroups were mainly enriched in immune- and bone remodeling-associated pathways. GSVA and GSEA analyses indicated that, lipid catabolism downregulation and lipid hydroxylation upregulation may impede the bone remodeling and development of immune system. Risk model based on lipid metabolism related genes (LMRGs) showed potent potential for survival prediction in osteosarcoma. Nomogram integrating risk model and clinical characteristics could predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients accurately.ConclusionExpression of lipid-metabolism genes is correlated with immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma patients and could be applied to predict the prognosis of in osteosarcoma accurately.

Polycarbonate (PCL) has been widely used in tissue engineering, but its hydrophobicity and low biological activity limit its further promotion and application. By adding nanoparticles, the hydrophilicity and biological activity of PCL can be improved. In this study, different amounts of Ta (1–10%wt) were added to PCL, and then their mechanical and biological properties were studied in vitro. XRD found that 5%Ta-PCL has the highest crystallinity. At the same time, cell experiments CCK8, cell adhesion, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenesis related gene expression showed that Ta can enhance the mechanical and biological properties of PCL, while 5% Ta-PCL showed the best mechanical and biological properties. This composite of tantalum and PCL could have a clinical potential for orthopedic implants.

BackgroundWeak ionization current measurement is often needed in ionizing radiation detection, it is a great challenge due to extreme weak signal to be measured. Various types of interference sources need to be overcome for a wide measurement range.PurposeThis study aims to complete the measurement of weak current signal output from ionization chamber for radiation protection.MethodsFirst of all, a wide-range weak ionization current measurement circuit based on current-frequency conversion method was designed to convert the weak current signal into a voltage signal by a current integrator. Then the trigger logic signal was produced by the threshold discrimination circuit and the reset circuit composed of two high-speed comparators. Finally, the pulse frequency signal was output by the Monostable trigger circuit to calculate the current, and the Keithley 6430 standard current source was employed in experimental test.ResultsExperimental results of designed weak current measuring circuit show that the effective measurement range is 10-13~10-8 A. The relative error of current measurement is less than 3%. Under the 137Cs reference radiation field, the relative error of the dose rate measurement for the high pressure ionization chamber detector used for on-site monitoring is better than 5.9%.ConclusionsWeak current measuring circuit proposed in this study is applicable to most of ionization chamber for radiation protection.

Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) with full converters have been widely used in wind power generation due to its superior flexibility and controllability. However, under some circumstance, the oscillation modes of PMSG (POMs) may excite strong resonance with the electromechanical oscillation modes (EOMs) of the power system that degrades the power system small signal stability. In this paper, A two-open-loop subsystem model is firstly derived to analyze the oscillation modes. Then the POMs are investigated with modal analysis, the relationship between POMs and related controllers are clarified. On this basis, the strong resonance between PMSG and the external power system is revealed and identified. Furthermore, a five-step parameter tuning method is proposed to relocate the position of POM as well as suppress the strong resonance. Both modal analysis and time-domain simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.