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Nan Gao,1,2 Xiao-Yu Liu,1,2 Jie Chen,1,2 Tian-Peng Hu,1,2 Yu Wang,2,3 Guo-Qiang Zhang2 1China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China; 3Graduate School, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guo-Qiang Zhang, Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 10029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613701054849, Email zhangchong2003@vip.sina.comBackground: Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (SI-ALI) is triggered by various direct or indirect noncardiogenic factors affecting the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelial cells. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a major component of vitamin K, plays a crucial role as an antioxidant by effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and safeguarding critical biomolecules from oxidative harm within cells. However, the specific mechanisms and clinical implications of MK-4 in SI-ALI are unclear and require further study.Methods: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery is a commonly used method to induce sepsis in C57BL/6N wild-type mice, and the mice were administered MK-4 at a dosage of 200 mg/kg/day and 3-TYP at 5 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection for 3 days, or erastin (5 mg/kg) 0.5 hours before CLP surgery. The mice were sacrificed 24 hours after CLP surgery, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected. Pathological changes in the lung tissue and oxidative stress levels were detected. The expression levels of Sirt3, acetylated lysine, p53, SLC7A11 ALOX12 and ferroptosis-related proteins were determined. ligation and puncture (CLP)Results: In this study, we observed that the lung inflammation was associated with reduced Sirt3 expression and increased acetylated lysine levels. The progression of SI-ALI was mitigated by MK-4 through its role in upregulating Sirt3 expression. MK-4 achieved antioxidant effects by downregulating ROS and inflammatory factor levels. Mechanistically, MK-4 inhibited the p53/SLC7A11 signalling pathway in ferroptosis by inhibiting the acetylation of p53, independent of p53 levels. In addition, MK-4 inhibited ferroptosis independent of GPX4. These findings indicate that MK-4 is a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating SI-ALI and possibly sepsis.Conclusion: These experiments revealed that MK-4 acts as a ferroptosis suppressor, increasing the expression of Sirt3, inhibiting the p53/SLC7A11 signalling pathway, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thereby exerting a protective effect against ALI in sepsis.Keywords: MK-4, Sirt3, acetylation, p53, ferroptosis, SI-ALI

Hong-Fu Li,1,2,&ast; Li-Xia Zhang,2,&ast; Wen-Lan Zhang,2,&ast; Jing Li,2,&ast; Ya-Qian Li,2,&ast; Tong-Ping Hu2 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Third People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tong-Ping Hu, Department of Clinical laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, No. 41, of Linyin Road, Kundulun District, Baotou City, Baotou, 014000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13296922365, Email hutongping1976@126.comObjective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical, microbiological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) in Inner Mongolia, China.Methods: The KPN isolates from 78 KPN-PLA cases admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, from 2016 to 2019 were studied systematically and described comprehensively. The virulence factors, drug resistance and sequence types of KPN in different samples were identified by a wire-drawing test, polymerase chain reaction, a drug susceptibility test and multi-site sequence typing.Results: There were more male than female KPN-PLA patients (P< 0.05). The mortality rate was 2.5%, and KPN-PLA was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (P< 0.05). Most of the KPN isolates in the puncture fluid of patients with KPN-PLA were hypervirulent KPN (HvKP). The positive rate of the KPN-PLA specimens was higher than that of the blood and urine specimens. The KPN isolates of the urine specimens had higher drug resistance than the other two (P< 0.05). The hypermucoviscous KPN, aerobic actin (aero) (+), K1 and K2 serotypes accounted for 80.8%, 89.7%, 56.4% and 26.9%, respectively. In addition to ironB (3.8%), the detection rates of virulence factors rmpA, irp2, entB, iucD, aero, wcaG, iutA, kfu, ybtA, iron, fimH and mrkD were higher (69.2%– 100.0%). The positive rate of KPN isolates of the KPN-PLA puncture fluid was higher than that of the blood and urine samples (P< 0.05). In addition, ST23 was found to be the dominant ST (32.1%) of KPN-PLA in the Baotou region.Conclusion: In the KPN-PLA specimens, the KPN isolates were more virulent than those in the blood and urine specimens, and a carbapenem-resistant HvKP strain emerged. This research will help improve the understanding of HvKP and provide useful suggestions for KPN-PLA treatments.Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, virulence factor, capsular serotype, bacterial drug resistance, multilocus sequence typing

Purpose: Sepsis has complex pathophysiological mechanisms that bring new challenges in the treatment of sepsis at a time when the intestinal microcirculation in sepsis is receiving increasing attention. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), which is a drug that can improve multiorgan ischemic diseases, is also worth examining to improve the intestinal microcirculation in sepsis., Methods: In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group (n = 6), CLP group (n = 6), NBP group (n = 6) and NBP + LY294002 group (n = 6). The rat model of severe sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Abdominal wall incisions and sutures were performed in the first group, and CLP was performed in the latter three groups. Normal saline/NBP/NBP + LY294002 solution was injected intraperitoneally 2 h or 1 h before modeling. Hemodynamic data (blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. Sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging and the Medsoft System were used to observe the intestinal microcirculation of rats and obtain data at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Six hours after the model was established, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured to evaluate the level of systemic inflammation. Pathological damage to the small intestine was evaluated by electron microscopy and histological analysis. The expression levels of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-AKT, AKT, LC3 and p62 in the small intestine were analyzed by Western blotting. The expressions of P-PI3K, P-AKT, LC3 and P62 in small intestine were detected by immunohistochemical staining., Results: NBP improved intestinal microcirculation disturbances in septic rats, alleviated the systemic inflammatory response, reduced the destruction of the small intestinal mucosa and the disruption of microvascular endothelial cells, and alleviated autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. NBP increased the ratio of P-PI3K/total PI3K, P-AKT/total AKT, and P62/β-actin and decreased the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I., Conclusion: NBP ameliorated intestinal microcirculation disturbances and the destruction of small intestinal vascular endothelial cells in septic rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulating autophagy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In order to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM 2.5 in different regions of central China during summer, Wuhan, Suizhou, and Pingdingshan were selected as urban, suburban, and rural monitoring stations, respectively, to collect PM 2.5 samples, and the mass concentration of PM 2.5 in the atmosphere and the contents of eight water-soluble ions were analyzed. The results showed that ρ (water-soluble ions) at the three sites showed obvious spatial distribution characteristics, with Pingdingshan[(36.29±9.82) μg·m -3 ] > Wuhan[(32.55±10.05) μg·m -3 ] > Suizhou[(26.10±6.23) μg·m -3 ], accounting for 52.47%, 51.32%, and 48.61% of the PM 2.5 mass concentration, respectively. In the Pingdingshan station, the proportion of water-soluble ions was the largest due to biomass combustion in the rural area. Additionally, SNA (SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and NH 4 + ) were the main ionic components, accounting for 95.65%, 96.12%, and 97.33% of the total water-soluble ions, respectively. The mean values of SOR of the Wuhan (0.64) and Suizhou (0.63) stations were higher than that of the Pingdingshan station (0.50), whereas the NOR values of the Wuhan (0.18) and Pingdingshan (0.19) stations were higher than that of the Suizhou station (0.15). The difference in SOR and NOR among stations was affected by the secondary conversion mechanism, the ammonia-rich environment, and the surrounding traffic sources, respectively. The PM 2.5 at the Wuhan and Pingdingshan stations was in general alkaline, whereas at the Suizhou station it was neutral or weakly acidic, which was mainly caused by differences in NH 4 + . NH 4 + mainly existed in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 at the Wuhan and Pingdingshan stations, whereas at the Suizhou station it mainly existed in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or (NH 4 )HSO 4 . PCA-MLR analysis revealed that the Wuhan (89.27%) and Suizhou (67.38%) stations were the most affected by secondary conversion sources, whereas the Wuhan station was also affected by industrial sources (8.54%) and coal sources (2.27%). The pollution sources of the Suizhou station also included biomass combustion (24.42%) and dust sources (8.25%). The Pingdingshan station was most affected by biomass combustion (58.37%), followed by dust and combustion sources (38.05%) and traffic sources (3.58%). The analysis of potential sources of SNA (PSCF) showed that the main potential source areas of Wuhan were the boundary of Hubei, Henan, and Anhui and the southwest area of Anhui. Suizhou and Pingdingshan were affected by long-distance transport, and the main potential source regions were distributed in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces from the east coast to the west.

In order to understand the pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Tangxun Lake, the contents of heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) in the surface sediments of Tangxun Lake were analyzed, and the pollution status and potential ecological risk degree of heavy metals in the sediments were evaluated using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The potential sources of heavy metal pollutants were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that except for Cr, the contents of other heavy metals were higher than their background values. The contents of Hg, Cd, Zn, and Cu were higher in the southwest and northeast corners of the lake, which may come from the combined pollution of sewage discharge, fisheries, and surrounding industrial and agricultural activities. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk showed that Hg and Cd were in moderate pollution; Cu, Pb, and Zn were in non-light pollution; and As, Cr, and Ni were in non-pollution. Except for Hg and Cd, there were serious and serious potential ecological risks, and the other elements were at a low risk level. The heavy metals in the surface sediments of Tangxun Lake showed a high ecological risk level.

In recent years, frequent haze episodes have resulted in the deterioration of air quality of the Fenwei Plain during winter and holidays. Besides coal combustion and industrial emissions, the topography and climate of the Fenwei Plain were also the main causes of the haze. The samples were collected in Linfen of Fenwei Plain during the Spring Festival from February 2 to February 13, 2019. The 13 elements(Li, Be, Ti, Rb, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Zr, V, Tl, U, and Sn) in PM 2.5 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Combined with the meteorological data, the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants and potential source analysis were evaluated by cluster analysis and backward trajectory. The average concentration of SO 2 was 58.39 μg·m -3 during the sampling period, which exceeded the 24 h average mass concentration limit(50.00 μg·m -3 ) of national ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012). The average concentrations of O 3 , NO 2 , and CO was 52.15 μg·m -3 , 29.02 μg·m -3 , and 2.29 mg·m -3 , respectively. The results showed that SO 2 was the dominated pollutant. NO 2 and CO were mainly affected by diffusion from urban areas. The backward trajectory analysis indicated that the basin topography of the Fenwei Plain may be the main cause of the haze. The analysis of potential source contribution function(PSCF) of soil sources showed that the potential dominated areas included Northern Shaanxi, southern Gansu and Southern Ningxia., which were mainly affected by the monsoon climate.

To explore the pollution characteristics and potential health risks of heavy metals in PM 2.5 on haze days in Central China, PM 2.5 samples were collected from the Huanggang monitoring station, a regional observation point in Central China, between January 13 and 24, 2018. The contents of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, and Pb in PM 2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the enrichment factor method was used to determine the potential risk based on the exposure model recommended by the Environmental Protection Administration(EPA). The results showed that during the observation period, the concentrations of Zn in PM 2.5 were highest, and the concentrations of the carcinogens As and Cd were higher than the secondary standard limits of China's ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012), with 70% of these elemental concentrations accounting for the largest proportion in the middle haze period. The enrichment factor analysis showed that Cd, Sn, Co, Pb, and Zn were the most abundant elements, especially during the middle haze period, and were mostly derived from transportation and coal combustion. The results of the human health risk assessment showed that exposure via hand-mouth feeding was the main non-carcinogenic risk, and the exposure and non-carcinogenic risks of children were significantly higher than those of adults. Pb poses a non-carcinogenic risk to children, while heavy metals in PM 2.5 pose no non-carcinogenic risks to adults and carcinogenic heavy metals pose no carcinogenic risks.

This study provides data and theoretical support for the prevention and control of air pollution in central China. From January 13, 2018, to January 25, 2018, 48 PM 2.5 samples were collected in Huanggang by particulate matter samplers during a severe pollution episode. Twelve elements (Li, Be, V, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Ba, Tl, Th, Bi, and U) were analyzed by ICP-MS. A positive definite matrix factor (PMF), trajectory model of the cluster analysis, potential source analysis (PSCF), and the concentration weight analysis method (CWT) were applied to analyze the potential pollution sources and determine the transmission channel. The results showed that the internal cause of the pollution was the appearance of static, stable, and high humidity meteorological conditions, while the external cause was the input of pollution. Five types of pollution source were determined:fuel combustion (10.59%), crustal (24.22%), industry (3.16%), coal (47.57%), and traffic (14.45%). Two main types of air flow path were found; short distance transmission accounted for 62.50% whereas long distance transport accounted for 37.50%. The major contributors to the pollution included central and eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, southwestern Anhui, and southern Henan. North-south transmission channels were observed for central China. In addition to local pollution, the impact of regional transmission should not be ignored. In the emergency response period for heavy pollution during the autumn and winter, all regions need to control emission reduction measures. Joint prevention and control are the keys to air pollution control.

Control of the properties of speckle patterns produced by mutual interference of light waves is important for various applications of multimode optical fibers. It has been shown previously that a high signal-to-noise ratio in a multimode fiber can be achieved by preferential excitation of lower order spatial eigenmodes in optical fiber communication. Here we demonstrate that signal spatial coherence can be tailored by changing relative contributions of the lower and higher order multimode fiber eigenmodes for the research of speckle formation and spatial coherence. It is found that higher order spatial eigenmodes are more conducive to the final speckle formation. The minimum speckle contrast occurs in the lower order spatial eigenmodes dominated regime. This work paves the way for control and manipulation of the spatial coherence of light in a multimode fiber varying from partially coherent or totally incoherent light.

Phthalimide-based "D-N-A" emitters o-AI-Cz, m-AI-Cz and p-AI-Cz showed TADF and RTP properties due to their small ΔEST in both film and crystalline states. In particular, o-AI-Cz exhibited an ultralong RTP with a lifetime of 602 ms in air and remarkable afterglow, which could allow it to be used as a security ink for application in anti-counterfeiting materials. Moreover, o-AI-Cz showed intense intramolecular interaction between the donor and the acceptor subunits, while p-AI-Cz could form regular hexagonal pores with a diameter of 13.171 Å in the solid state, which might result in their different RTP properties.

A one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer, [{Co 2 (pymca) 2 ·(H 2 O) 4 }SO 4 ·2H 2 O] n (1) (pymca = 2-carboxypyrimidine), was solvothermally synthesized via the reaction of 2-cyanopyrimidine and Co(SCN) 2 . A bidentate pymca ligand was formed in situ by the hydrolysis of 2-cyanopyrimidine. Furthermore, in this study, the magnetic properties of complex 1 were investigated in detail. The results indicated that complex 1 showed a single-chain magnet (SCM) behavior below ca. 3 K. The energy barrier (Δ τ 1 / k B ) and preexponential factor ( τ 0 ) of SCM were 31.2 K and 5.4 × 10 -9 s, respectively., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Traditional bulk polymerization imprinted technology and existing surface imprinted technology have some congenital defects. Therefore, it is necessary to design more efficient surface imprinted technology. In this paper, novel surface imprinting technology with higher imprinting efficiency is well designed. It fully realizes the synchronization of polymer crosslinking and template imprinting. Then the surface imprinted polymers (SIPs) are synthesized using metal ions as a template. The physicochemical characteristics of the SIPs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The adsorption performances and recognition selectivity of the SIPs towards the template are investigated by a batch method. The experimental results show that the SIPs possess excellent adsorption ability and selectivity towards the template. The selectivity coefficients of the SIPs prepared in this study are higher than those of IIPs prepared by other imprinting methods. The adsorption process could be well described by the Lagergren-first-order model and Langmuir monolayer chemical adsorption. The SIPs have good chemical stability and reusability. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments show that the exhausted SIPs could be effectively regenerated, and the regenerated SIPs could be reused without a significant reduction in adsorption capacity or selectivity coefficient., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Two cobalt complexes with similar structures were synthesized using quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (HL) as the ligand. Both complexes are six-coordinated in antitriangular prism coordination geometries. There are one and four molecule units per cell for 1 and 2, respectively, with nearest Co-Co distances of 7.129 and 5.855 Å, respectively, which lead to their intermolecular interactions zj'. Both complexes are field-induced single-ion magnets. Complex 1 shows single slow relaxation under H dc = 1.5 kOe attributed to the moment reversal, while complex 2 shows double slow relaxation resulting from intermolecular dipolar interaction and moment reversal, respectively.

Ten sampling points were distributed approximately equidistantly in the Dajiuhu lake wetland, and soils from the depths 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm were collected in April 2012. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the remote mountain wetland shallow soils, and 16 kinds of USEPA priority controlled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants were identified. The ∑ 16 PAHs content ranges of the shallow soils of this region were 48.55-984.73 ng·g -1 , 14.36-806.47 ng·g -1 , and 12.84-1191.53 ng·g -1 in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers, with a mean of 302.94 ng·g -1 , 142.98 ng·g -1 , and 208.68 ng·g -1 in the three layers, respectively. The concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 21.20-844.29 ng·g -1 , 2.96-592.06 ng·g -1 and 0.66-964.70 ng·g -1 in the three soil layers, with means of 197.25 ng·g -1 , 93.16 ng·g -1 , and 147.16 ng·g -1 that accounted for 65.12%, 65.13%, and 69.08% of the total PAHs in the three soil layers, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in the areas with peat were significantly higher than that in the soil. PAHs having 4-6 rings were the dominant ones. The ratios IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) and Pyr/BaP showed that the PAHs in the shallow soil form the Dajiuhu lake wetland mainly came from burning fossil fuels and wood. In recent years, the entry of tourist vehicles has contributed significantly to the increase in PAHs. The regression analysis on peat surface layer single body PAH and total PAHs showed that Chr, BbF, IcdP, and BaA could be used as a signaling property of mountain wetland PAH pollution.

An online continuous monitoring system was used to determine the volatile organic carbons (VOCs) in the ambient air of a typical petrochemical industrial park in autumn (Sep., Oct., Nov.) of 2014. The composition, photochemical reactivity, temporal variation, and source of VOCs were analyzed. The results indicated that the mixing ratio of VOCs in autumnal ambient air of the study area was higher than those of other cities and industrial areas. Alkanes were the most abundant group in the VOC mixing ratio, and no significant temporal difference was observed among the three months studied. However, the alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics presented obvious diurnal variation, with single peak and trough values, while the acetylene exhibited "W"-shaped variation, with two minimum and one maximum values. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) indicated that the sources of VOCs in the study area of natural gas transportation and solvents, such as from leakage or volatile oil refinery processing, followed by other traffic sources and asphalt have some contribution. Alkenes and alkanes were the dominant groups of the source apportionment composition, as expressed by the propylene-equivalent (Propy-Equiv) and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) methods, respectively.

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of a typical petrochemical industry park were measured using an on-line monitor (TH-300B) from December 2014 to February 2015. The composition, temporal variations, sources, and photochemical reactivity of VOCs were analyzed. Alkanes were the most abundant VOC species and contributed to 86.73% to total VOC concentrations in winter. Concentrations of TVOCs, alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons were high at night and low during the day. The changes in alkane and alkene concentrations were consistent with those in TVOC concentrations. Using principal component analysis and multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) in combination, five sources of VOCs were identified; fuel evaporation, industrial emissions, a mix of gasoline vehicle exhaust and plant emissions, diesel vehicle exhaust emissions, and fuel combustion with contributions of 60.02%, 8.50%, 2.07%, 12.21%, and 17.20%, respectively. Propylene-equivalent concentration (Propy-Equiv) and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method were used to calculate the contributions of VOCs measured in the study area to ozone production. Alkanes contributed most to ozone production followed by alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The contribution rate of cyclopentane, n-butane, and 1-pentene were higher owing to their long photochemical age in the study area.

The concentration, potential source and health risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere of Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, China, were studied. Polyurethane foam (PUF) Passive air samplers (PAS) were settled. The results indicated that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in different samples ranged from 6.94 to 184.23 ng·m -3 , with the mean of 30.36 ng·m -3 . The dominant compounds were low rings PAHs, such as Phe, Nap, Pyr, Fla, Flu and Ant. Compared with other regions, the PAHs pollution of Dajiuhu atmosphere was at a low level. Higher PAHs concentrations were detected in nearby Deer farm, Dajiuhu peat area and Dajiuhu Wetland Authority. Higher PAHs concentrations were detected in autumn and winter, whereas lower concentrations were detected in spring and summer. Potential pollution sources of PAHs were investigated by diagnostic ratios and backward trajectory analysis, which indicated that coal and biofuel combustion, vehicle emissions and petroleum were the main sources. PAHs of Dajiuhu in air not only came from local emission, but also originated from Hubei, Henan and Hunan's atmosphere transport for most part and long range transport from northwest direction for small part. Health risks assessment results showed that the annual average concentration of total Benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic potency (∑BaP eq ) was 0.208 ng·m -3 , lower than the value recommended by Ambient Air Quality Standard of China(GB 3095-2012, 1 ng·m -3 ), indicating a low carcinogenic risk for the local residents.

8 surface sediments and 8 water samples were collected from the Daye Lake in August 2015.The 16 kinds of EPA control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the PAHs concentrations of surface sediments and water ranged from 35.94 ng·g -1 to 2032.73 ng·g -1 and from 27.94 ng·L -1 to 242.95 ng·L -1 ,with average contents of 940.61 ng·g -1 and 107.77ng·L -1 ,respectively.The distribution of PAHs in surface sediments indicated that the contents in the center samples were higher than those in the bank samples,but the water showed nearly the opposite tendency.The 4-5 rings high molecular weight PAHs were the main components in the surface sediments,and the 2,4 and 5 rings PAHs were given priority in water.Compared with the other domestic and oversea lakes,the PAHs pollution of the Daye Lake was at a moderate level.Source apportionment showed that the PAHs in surface sediments and water from the Daye Lake came from the combustion source,HWM-PAHs were the dominant part of the PAHs in the sediment,reflecting the sediment PAHs pollution under the effects of mining and smelting over a long period;All monomer PAHs and total PAHs content in sediment did not exceed the ERM and FEL limiting values,showing that there was no particularly serious ecological risk caused by PAHs in the surface sediments from the Daye Lake;the incremental lifetime cancer risks assessment showed that the uptake risk of PAHs in Daye Lake water through the ingestion and dermal absorption were both in the acceptable range recommended by the USEPA,but all sites had higher risk than the acceptable risk level recommended by the Sweden environmental protection agency and Royal society.The pollution of seven carcinogenic PAHs needs prevention and control.

Atmospheric PM 2.5 samples were collected in Hongshan district, Wuhan from June 12 th to July 22 th , 2014. This study analyzed the characteristics and chemical composition of PM 2.5 , and the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to discuss the pollution sources and formation mechanism. The results indicated the total concentrations of PM 2.5 ranged from 36.41 to 220.02 μg·m -3 , with the mean of 97.38 μg·m -3 . and the exceeding criteria rate was 59.26%. Furthermore, the concentration of PM 2.5 correlated significantly with wind speed in meteorological parameters, when the wind speed increased, the concentration of PM 2.5 showed a trend of decline. The water-soluble ionic components of PM 2.5 were SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , NH 4 + and K + which accounted for 40.67%, and the aerosol partial acid. The influencing factors of formation process of SO 4 2- were different from those of NO 3 - , and NH 4 HSO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were the main compounds of NH 4 + in PM 2.5 . The average concentration of PAHs in PM 2.5 was 11.30 ng·m -3 , and the dominant compounds were 4-6 ring PAHs. Industrial waste gas and vehicle emissions were the sources of PM 2.5 . The various sources of the PAHs had contribution of 83.90% from vehicle emission and combustion of coal, 10.17% from petroleum sources, and 5.08% from coking emission. The concentration of toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (TEQ BaP ) ranged from 0.22 to 11.19 ng·m -3 (mean, 1.74 ng·m -3 ), and the exceeding criteria rate was 7.41%.

A novel coordination polymer with the chemical formula [Cu4Br(CN)(mtz)2]n (mtz = 5-methyl tetrazole) (), has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the Cu(i), CN(-) and mtz(-) in compound are all generated from an in situ translation of the original precursors: Cu(2+), acetonitrile and 1-methyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (Hmnt). The in situ ring-to-ring conversion of Hmnt into mtz(-) was found for the first time. Structural analysis reveals that compound is a novel 3D tetrazole-based Cu(i) coordination polymer, containing both metal halide cluster Cu6Br2 and metal pseudohalide cluster Cu2(CN)2 secondary building units (SBUs), which shows an unprecedented (3,6,10)-connected topology. Notably, a pseudo-porphyrin structure with 16-membered rings constructed by four mtz(-) anions and four copper(i) ions was observed in compound . The fluorescence properties of compound were investigated in the solid state and in various solvent emulsions, the results show that compound is a highly sensitive naked-eye colorimetric sensor for NB and 2-NT (NB = nitrobenzene and 2-NT = 2-nitrotoluene).

Background: The LigaSure vessel sealing system has been proposed to save operation time and reduce intraoperative blood loss for various surgeries. However, its usage for gastric cancer is still controversial. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of LigaSure with conventional surgery in gastrectomy., Materials and Methods: Sources were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Google Scholar until February, 2015. All randomized controlled trials comparing LigaSure with conventional surgery in curative gastric cancer resection were selected. After data extraction, statistics were performed by Review Manager 5.1 software., Results: Three eligible randomized controlled trials were evaluated, with a total of 335 patients. The quality of the included trials was good, yet some methodological and clinical heterogeneity existed. There were no significant differences between the LigaSure and conventional groups in operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD], -22.95 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], [-59.75, 13.85]; P = 0.22), blood loss (WMD, -45.8 ml; 95% CI, [-134.5, 42.90]; P = 0.31), nor the incidence of surgical complications (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, [0.68, 2.05]; P = 0.54). But there was a longer duration of hospital stay in LigaSure group (WMD, 1.41 days; 95% CI, [0.14, 2.68]; P = 0.03)., Conclusions: All available randomized evidence has been summarized. LigaSure does not confer significant advantage over conventional surgery for curative gastric cancer resection. The usefulness of the device may be limited in gastrectomy. But, more trials are needed for further assessment of the LigaSure system for gastric cancer.

Four Preyssler P5W30 based inorganic-organic hybrids, formulated as {[Cu12(pbtz)2(Hpbtz)2(OH)4(H2O)16][Na(H2O)P5W30O110]}·16H2O (1; H2pbtz = 5'-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H,2'H-3,3'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)), {[Cu10(ttbz)2(Httbz)4(OH)6(H2O)8][K(H2O)H2P5W30O110]}·30H2O (2; Httbz = 1-(tetrazo-5-yl)-4-(triazo-1-yl)benzene), {[Ni6(bpz)6(H2O)16][Na(H2O)H2P5W30O110]}·36H2O (3; bpz = 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4-bipyrazole), {[Co4(bpz)6(H2O)9][K(H2O)H6P5W30O110]}·46H2O (4), have been isolated and structurally identified via microanalysis, thermogravimetry (TG), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a 3D binodal (3,6)-connected ant framework composed of dodeca-supported P5W30 polyoxometalate (POM) clusters and discrete [Cu6(pbtz)(Hpbtz)(OH)2(H2O)8] subunits. Compound 2 is a pillared-layer 3D network constructed from [Cu5(ttbz)(Httbz)2(OH)3(H2O)4] sheets pillared by individual P5W30 clusters. Compound 3 contains octa-supporting P5W30 POM clusters and novel [Ni6(bpz)6] crown-like metallamacrocycles, which construct a (4,4)-connected pts network. Compound 4 displays a complicated 3D (5,5)-connected {4(5)·6(4)·8}{4(5)·6(5)} network built by pentasupporting P5W30 POM clusters and discrete [Co4(bpz)6(H2O)9] subunits. In 1-4, the unified features are the Preyssler-type [P5W30O110] POM as the fundamental building block, which supports the transition-metal compounds with different modes to give the resultant diverse networks. The magnetism studies indicated antiferromagnetically coupled systems for the hexa- and pentanuclear Cu(II) units in 1 and 2, respectively. The electrochemical properties demonstrate that all compounds have electrocatalytic abilities toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of 1 in the cyanosilylation of aldehydes reaction have been investigated.

This work reports the assembly, topological structure, supramolecular isomerism and luminescence of three solvent-controlled families of coordination compounds, [Zn(bpz)2(H2O)3·2Hpta] (1), [Zn(bpz)(pta)]n (2), [Zn(bpz)(tpa)(H2O)]n (3), [Zn(bpz)(tpa)·4H2O]n (4), and [Zn(bpz)(npa)·H2O]n (5 and 6) (bpz = 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bipyrazole, H2pta = phthalic acid, H2tpa = terephthalic acid, H2npa = 4-nitrophthalic acid). The six transition metal compounds reported in this study were definitely characterized by X-ray crystallography to reveal how networks with different topologies are constructed around the same four-connected metal centers. Compound 1 is a 0D discrete molecule, in which Zn(II) is in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry, whereas the guest Hpta(-) as counteranion is hydrogen-bonded with the [Zn(bpz)2(H2O)3]. In compound 2, the Zn(II) center is linked by two bpz and two pta; thus, a 4-connected dia network with the point symbol {6(6)} is formed. In 3, the Zn(II) center is six-coordinated, but in fact it is also a 4-connected node in the whole network due to the terminal aqua ligand and bidentate chelating carboxylate group thus, the resultant network has a 4-connected cds topology with the point symbol {6(5)·8}. Compound 4 exhibits a chiral two-fold interpenetrated 4-connected qtz network with the point symbol {6(4)·8(2)}. Compounds 5 and 6 are a pair of genuine supramolecular isomers with identical 4-connected dia topology. The three families of compounds, namely, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/6, are structurally controlled by the solvent systems H2O/CH3OH-H2O, H2O/DMF-CH3OH, and CH3OH-H2O/CH3CN-H2O, respectively. Except for the discrete molecule 1, the other five compounds have the same 4-connected coordination networks, but with different topologies ranging from dia (2, 5, 6), cds (3) to qtz (4), suggesting the important influences that the linkage orientations of the ligand and different geometries of the 4-connected node exert in self-assembly. Interestingly, discrete 1 can be irreversibly transformed from a 0D discrete molecule to an infinite 3D structure (2) by heating it in CH3OH-H2O solvent, indicating a solvent-induced structural transformation. In addition, results about thermal stabilities and photoluminescence spectra are also discussed in detail.

Self-assembly of Ag2O, 1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene (dpb) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc) resulted in a one-dimensional mixed-ligand Ag(I) coordination polymer [Ag2(dpb)2(bdc)·9H2O]n (1), in which infinite 1D T4(0)A(0)6(0) water tapes and discrete water hexamers were simultaneously encapsulated. Chair-like water hexamers and D2h water tetramers with two dangling water molecules were alternately hydrogen-bonded into the unprecedented 1D T4(0)A(0)6(0) water tape. Additionally, results on the thermal stability, UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra of 1 were discussed.

A facile approach, named phase transfer catalyst supported, room temperature biphasic synthesis, has been developed to synthesize a new type of coordination polymers. Compared to the traditional biphasic solvothermal synthesis that was run at high temperature (100-200 °C), the new approach introduced here can be operated under a mild condition (room temperature) with the support of phase transfer catalyst. With the application of this new approach, two copper coordination complexes with 1D metal-organic nanotube and 1D coordination polymer containing large water clusters have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, the synthetic approach presented here can be extended to synthesize other coordination polymers, including porous lanthanide-organic frameworks.

The title compound, [Fe(C(24)H(21)O(4)S(2))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], has 2 symmetry. The Fe(II) cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and is O,O'-chelated by two 2-{5-[(2-carb-oxy-phen-yl)sulfanylmeth-yl]-2,4-dimethyl-benzyl-sulfan-yl}benzoate anions and further coordinated by two pyridine ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. In the anion, the terminal benzene rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 63.81 (14) and 84.50 (14)° with respect to the central benzene ring. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) plays an important role in postnatal tissue repair. The present study tested the hypothesis that impaired SHH pathway results in delayed wound healing by suppressing cutaneous nitric oxide (NO) function in type 1 diabetes. Adult male C57/B6 mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice were used. Although cutaneous SHH and Patched-1 (Ptc-1 encoded by PTCH, PTCH 1) proteins were increased significantly on day 4 after wounding compared with day 0 in normal mice, both were decreased significantly in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Topical application of SHH restored wound healing delay in STZ-induced diabetic mice, with a concomitant augmentation of both cutaneous constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitrite level. The effects of SHH on wound healing and cutaneous NO function were markedly inhibited by SHH receptor inhibitor cyclopamine. After 24-h treatment in vitro, SHH (5-20 microg/ml) significantly increased cutaneous endothelial NOS protein expression, NOS activity and NO level in normal mice and STZ-induced diabetic mice in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that was blunted by cyclopamine and NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY-294002 significantly blunted the increase of NOS activity and NO level induced by SHH treatment in human umbilican vein endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that the SHH pathway is activated in a normal wound, and its reduction results in impaired NO function and wound healing in diabetes. Strategies aimed at augmenting the endogenous SHH pathway may provide an effective means in ameliorating delayed diabetic wound healing.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that statins inhibit leptin-induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes., Methods: Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on leptin-induced hypertrophy. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescence. Total intracellular RNA and cell protein content, which serve as cell proliferative markers, were assayed by using propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence and the Bio-Rad DC protein assay, respectively. The cell surface area, an indicator of cell hypertrophy, was quantified by using Leica image analysis software., Results: After 72 h treatment, leptin markedly increased RNA levels, cell surface area, and total cell protein levels in cardiomyocytes, which were significantly inhibited by simvastatin or catalase treatment. ROS levels were significantly elevated in cardiomyocytes treated with leptin for 4 h compared with those cells without leptin treatment. The increase in ROS levels in cardiomyocytes induced by leptin was reversed by treatment with simvastatin and catalase., Conclusion: Simvastatin inhibits leptin-induced ROS-mediated hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Statin therapy may provide an effective means of improving cardiac dysfunction in obese humans.

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.

Objective: To study the biocompatibility of longitudinally implanted intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) in a rabbit sciatic nerve model. And to discuss the possibility of peripheral fascicular signals as a new signal source to control an electronic prosthetic hand., Methods: LIFEs were implanted chronically into sciatic peripheral fascicles of rabbits as recording and stimulating electrodes. Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials (CSEP) were recorded by using a transcranial stimulation system (TCS) over six-month period to observe the change of the signals recorded. At the end of the experiments, the fascicles at the electrodes implanted site were anatomized for histological examination under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. In human test, LIFEs were implanted into radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medial nerve of an amputee volunteer. Signals were detected when the volunteer was asked to do different movements of his missing hand, and the signals recorded by LIFEs were used to control an electronic prosthetic hand., Results: The difference of onset latency (OL) of MEP and CSEP recorded at different time has remarkable statistical significance (one way ANOVA, P < 0.001). After multiple comparisons, onset latency (OL) of MEP and CSEP had no obvious change during 1 month, but significantly increased in the later time, and then became stable after 3 months after implantation. The difference of the interpeak amplitudes (IPAs) of MEP recorded at different time has remarkable statistical significance (one way ANOVA, P < 0.001). The interpeak amplitudes (IPAs) of MEP had no distinct change during 1 month, but significantly decreased over the next period, and then became stable after 3 months. Though the interpeak amplitudes (IPAs) of CSEP decreased slowly over six-month period of the study, the difference has no statistic significance (one way ANOVA, P > 0.05). At the end of experiment, histological examination indicated that a typical foreign body reaction developed and electrodes caused a mild damage to fascicles. But inflammatory cells and neuroma were not seen around the electrodes. Signals recorded by LIFEs planted in proximal radial, ulnar and median nerve of the amputated arm were different when the amputee volunteer was ordered to do some different movements with his mind. Some signals could be used to control the seven-freedom electronic prosthetic hand., Conclusions: Longitudinally implanted intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) have excellent biocompatibility with peripheral fascicles. They can be implanted chronically into fascicles and record signals. Furthermore, LIFEs can record physiological signals of peripheral fasciculi when hand moves, and these signals could be used to control an electronic prosthetic hand through further research.

The treatment options for the loss of an entire human hand and part of the forearm are currently limited to the transplantation of toe(s) to the amputation stump or a Krukenberg's bifurcation hand, and using a cosmetic or functional prosthesis. The functional prosthetic hand, such as the prevailing myoelectrically controlled prosthetic hand, has an action accuracy that is affected by many factors. The acceptance rate of the three planes freedom myoelectronic hand by the patients was 46-90% because of poor function caused by the weakness of signal and strong external interference. In this report, the left second toe was transplanted to the patient's forearm amputation stump. Mandates from the brain are relayed by the action of this reconstructed digit, to control a special designed multidimension freedom electronic prosthetic hand. After rehabilitation and adaptation training, the correct recognition rate of the electronic prosthetic hand controlled by this reconstructed digit is a remarkable 100%., (Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:5-10, 2002)