Search

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) serve a narrow, filamentary channels responsible for intense moisture and heat transport, which are vital for the Arctic sea ice loss and surface air warming, particularly in winter. In this study, ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020 are used to investigate the evolution of ARs in the Arctic and the corresponding atmospheric circulation patterns in winter. Our findings indicate that atmospheric circulation is a key factor that facilitates the transport and dispersion of ARs. Cyclonic circulation anomalies provide the dynamical support for ARs in the early development stages, while anticyclonic anomalies are essential for maintaining the thermal and moisture conditions of ARs, particularly after their intrusions into the Arctic region. The cooperation between cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies plays a critical role in the infiltration and dispersion of ARs, governed by distinct circulation modes for regional intrusions. A positive Arctic Oscillation‐like pattern manifests as a cyclonic system over the Arctic, increasing the likelihood of AR intrusion into Baffin Bay. Conversely, a negative pattern induces a more intense anticyclonic system over the Arctic, thereby raising the frequency of ARs in the Bering Strait. The Pacific‐North American pattern not only directly affects ARs entering the Arctic via the Pacific but also has downstream impacts on ARs intruding the Arctic through Baffin Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the factors influencing the short-term adverse clinical outcome in patients hospitalized with grade 2/3 cirrhosis ascites. Methods 82 patients with grade 2/3 cirrhosis ascites in Kunming Third People's Hospital from December 2021 to February 2023 were used as research objects. Demographic data and first clinical data were collected. The clinical outcomes of the patients within 90 days after admission were followed up. Influencing factors of adverse clinical outcome were investigated by single factor screening and binary logistic regression analysis, including hospitalization over 28 days, unplanned readmission within 28 days, and death within 90 days (including death within 28 days). Finally, the diagnostic efficacy of the influencing factors were judged by ROC curve. Results (1) MELD-Na score (OR = 1.087, 95%CI: 1.006 ????? 1.175) and GGT (OR = 1.004, 95%CI: 1.002 ~ 1.007) were independent risk factors for hospitalization longer then 28 days, unplanned readmission within 28 days of admission and death within 28 days, respectively, all P < 0.05. BUN was an independent risk factor for all three conditions, with an OR of 1.111 (95% CI: 1.005 ~ 1.227), 1.115 (95%CI: 1.003 ~ 1.214) and 1.208 (95%CI: 1.057 ~ 1.382), all P < 0.05. (2) low serum chloride (OR = 0.875, 95%CI: 0.802 ~ 0.954) and low total CO2 (OR = 0.821, 95%CI: 0.690 ~ 0.976) were independent riak factors for death within 90 days, all P < 0.05. (3) The area under ROC curve of BUN combined with GGT predicted death within 28 days was 0.891; The area under curve of serum chloride combined with total CO2 predicted death within 90 days was 0.821, P < 0.05. Conclusion BUN combined with GGT had better predictive value for death within 28 days, serum chloride combined with total CO2 had better predictive value for death within 90 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To clarify the effect of gentiopicroside on alleviating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats, and to explore the role of LC3II gene and autophagy in this process. Methods Establishment of SD rat NASH model was established and assigned to normal control group, model control group, gentiopicroside group, gentiopicroside+autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine group, metformin positive control group, 8 rats in each group. After 4 weeks of treatment, mRNA and protein expression of LC3 E were detected, LC3 I in liver tissue was assessed by q-PCR and Western blot, HE staining was performed for liver histopathology, the therapeutic effect of gentiopicroside on NASH in rats was evaluated with serum lipids (CHOL and TG), alanine aminotransferase and inflammatory factor (IL-1P and TNF-a) changes. Results (l)ln the normal control group, the structure of hepatic lobule was normal, without fatty change and inflammatory damage; In the model control group, the structure of hepatocyte cord was disordered, with severe liver steatosis and inflammatory damage, and spot and flaky necrosis was observed; The liver steatosis and inflammatory damage were alleviated in gentiopicroside group and metformin positive control group ; Compared with gentiopicroside group, liver steatosis and inflammatory damage in gentiopicroside+3-MA group were significantly aggravated, and the structure of hepatic lobule was disordered and necrosis was increased. (2) The ALT, CHOL, TG, IL-1 P, TNF- a levels of NASH model control group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, the ALT, CHOL, TG, IL-1P, TNF-a levels of gentiopicroside group, metformin positive control group were reversed to some extent, while gentiopicroside+3-MA group the level of ALT, CHOL, TG, IL-1P, TNF- a is higher than that of gentiopicroside group, the difference was statistically significant, all P < 0.05. ( 3 ) The expression of LC3 E mRNA and protein in the liver tissue of rats in the model control group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group. This trend was reversed in the gentiopicroside group and the metformin positive control group, while the expression of LC3 E mRNA and protein in the gentiopicroside+3-MA group was significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant, all P < 0.05. Conclusion Gentiopicroside could alleviate NASH-related liver injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to GPS up-regulating the expression of LC3 E in liver tissue and promoting autophagy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warming has already changed the patterns of precipitation and increased the risk of extreme climate events. An assessment of the influences from anthropogenic and natural forcings on future changes in precipitation is therefore essential to define appropriate mitigation and adaptation policies. We assess the effects of natural (NAT) and anthropogenic forcings (greenhouse gases [GHG] and anthropogenic aerosols [AA]) on precipitation over land areas simulated under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) SSP2‐4.5 scenario. Our results indicate that changes in precipitation due to GHG forcing, AA forcing and all external forcings (ALL) are projected to increase by about 3.0%–24.8%, 1.1%–6.9% and 4.2%–31.2%, respectively, across most land areas in the twenty‐first century, especially over the mid‐ and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and central Africa, with an increase in the mean and flattening of the probability distribution functions (PDFs). By contrast, the NAT‐induced changes are relatively small, with a slight increase in the mean of the PDFs. The frequencies of both future extreme precipitation and dry events are projected to increase by 11%–101% and 3%–72%, respectively, over many continental regions under the influence of external forcings, especially under GHG forcing. Fingerprinting detection shows that the signals of GHG (except for Australia), AA and ALL forcing are detectable at the likely level (signal‐to‐noise ratio >0.95; 66% confidence) over most land areas. The GHG signals are stronger and detected earlier (after 2010s, likely level) than the AA signals (after 2060s, likely level). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]