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Xiuyun Xuan,1 Yuqi Wang,2 Yanhong Sun,3 Changzheng Huang1 1Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanhong Sun; Changzheng Huang Tel/Fax +86 0571-87783777; Tel/Fax +86 027-85726359Email sunyh1128@zju.edu.cn; hcz0501@126.comBackground: Melanoma is one of the most malignant and aggressive skin tumors, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, few studies have investigated the process of tumorigenesis from normal skin to melanoma.Methods: Several bioinformatics analyses, including GEO databases, Oncomine database, TCGA database, STRING, MCODE and cytoHubba plug-ins, GEPIA, TIMER and TRRUST and DGIdb, were performed to disclose the hub genes and immunology implicated in primary melanoma tumorigenesis. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis in vitro.Results: A total of 295 overlapping DEGs (ODEGs) (157 upregulated and 138 downregulated) and 9 hub genes were identified between primary melanoma and normal skin tissues. Functional analysis of these 9 hub genes indicated that the genes were primarily enriched in cell chemotaxis, the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, the extracellular region, the extracellular space, chemokine activity and CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that these genes were primarily involved in the chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Upregulated CCL5

Amelia Nabatanzi,1 Magesa Mafuru,2 Musa Male,3 Chunxia Tian,4 Lingyun Zhang,1 Ting Wu,1 Shidi Wu,1 Changzheng Huang1 1Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Changzheng HuangDepartment of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13971176116Fax +86-27-85768188Email hcz0501@126.comBackground: The available treatments for refractory hyperkeratotic eczema are inadequate with frustrating results. We, therefore, incorporated Calcipotriol and Betamethasone Dipropionate (Daivobet®), and Viaminate into the mainstay treatment to improve the clinical symptoms. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Daivobet® and Viaminate as a potential treatment alternative for refractory hyperkeratotic eczema.Patients and Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, 61 patients diagnosed with refractory hyperkeratotic eczema (RHE) who had shown inadequate response to conventional therapies were pooled from a single center. Besides, they were all treated with Daivobet®, Viaminate, and an occlusive dressing mixture containing 5% salicylic acid ointment and 25% zinc oxide paste following inadequate response to conventional therapies (corticosteroids plus 25% zinc oxide paste and 5% salicylic acid ointment). Investigators Glo