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With the continual acceleration of urbanization, the amount of urban infrastructure and the quality of public services are increasing in many cities. A pressing concern in this context is the growing problem of incompatible fire protection construction, indicating a need for urban fire stations with well-planned layouts. However, research on optimizing the layout and placement of fire stations by considering the various factors affecting station layouts is lacking. The current study addressed this gap by establishing an optimal fire station layout by using a geographic information system (GIS) and elucidated the trends of GIS application in firefighting and rescue operations. The study's findings reveal the benefits of avoiding blind spots, enhancing the selection of fire station sites, and optimizing service coverage. Furthermore, this study optimized the layout of CZ city's downtown fire stations, which could enhance CZ city's firefighting capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the potential risk of usage on daily chemicals, the product which most contact for human directly, cosmetics, were selected as study object. In this study, common cosmetic materials, such as propylene glycol, ethanolamine, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide were discussed for potential hazard. According to results of differential scanning calorimetry experiments, the apparent activation energy and SADT were calculated out as 779.22 kJ mol-1 and 45°C, respectively.

1,1-Bis( tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5 trimethylcyclohexane (TMCH), a typical organic peroxide, is normally an initiator agent and cross-linking agent of styrene and polyethylene. Metal ions, used as catalysis substances, can affect the thermal stability of TMCH. However, they are commonly found everywhere in processing areas such as in rusty rotating equipment, metal containers, and aging pipelines. Thus, we investigated the thermal stability of TMCH mixed with metal ions and acquired thermokinetic parameters using calorimetric data. Through isoconversional kinetic analysis simulations, thermokinetic parameters were obtained under isothermal conditions using nonisothermal experimental data. In DSC experiments, the E of TMCH mixed with CuCl was lower than that of pure TMCH. TMR of pure TMCH was shorter than that of TMCH mixed with CuCl in isothermal experiments. The results of the simulations and experiments were compared and discovered to be similar. The results can be a reference for TMCH mixing with metal ions during its storage and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]