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Organic single-crystal semiconductors, characterized by their well-ordered long-range structure, facilitate efficient charge carrier transmission, resulting in a notable improvement in the functionality of organic optoelectronic devices, as illustrated by organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Nevertheless, the widespread utilization of OFETs, especially in low-voltage operations (<5 V), is impeded by their suboptimal electrical performance. This work employs lattice strain engineering to enhance OFET performance utilizing inch-sized single crystals of the organic semiconductor C8-BTBT. By modulating the shear speed during the solution shearing process, lattice strain is induced in the C8-BTBT crystals, leading to a reduction in π–π stacking distance and thinner crystals, thereby mitigating injection resistance and enhancing charge transport capabilities. The lattice-strained single crystals demonstrate a significant enhancement in mobility, reaching 8.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 at −3 V in low-voltage single-crystal OFETs, surpassing the highest values among similar molecules based on high-k dielectrics. Additionally, inch-scale organic single crystals display outstanding uniformity, with a 2.99% mobility coefficient of variation of 30 devices. This work underscores the potential of lattice strain engineering for large-scale, high-performance, low-power organic circuit applications, paving the way for the development of cost-effective and efficient electronic devices based on organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of surface tension in liquids, which induces a strong capillary force between wetting particles in micro/nano scale, has aroused extensive attention. In present study, a fundamental investigation on capillary forces and rupture behaviors of capillary bridges between a three-finger microgripper and a plate is conducted in quasi-static state. Theoretical analysis is performed for solutions of the capillary force. The capillary bridges between a three-finger microgripper and a plate are established based on the principle of energy minimization. An analytical approach for computing the capillary force for the three-finger/plate geometry is proposed by means of variables obtained from the simulation models. The comparison of the single-finger capillary bridge and three-finger capillary bridge is investigated based on the developed models. The effects of separation distance, capillary bridge volume, radial distance and contact angle on the capillary force of three-finger capillary bridges are analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that the variation of capillary force with separation distance and volume changing is not monotonic, which is caused by the edge effect of the three-finger microgripper. Capillary force measurements were experimentally characterized to demonstrate the reliability of the simulation models and the capillary force solution method based on an established experimental platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited supply of reducing power restricts the efficient utilization of acetate in Yarrowia lipolytica. Here, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system, enabling direct conversion of inward electrons to NAD(P)H, was used to improve the production of fatty alcohols from acetate based on pathway engineering. First, the conversion efficiency of acetate to acetyl‐CoA was reinforced by heterogenous expression of ackA‐pta genes. Second, a small amount of glucose was used as cosubstrate to activate the pentose phosphate pathway and promote intracellular reducing cofactors synthesis. Third, through the employment of MES system, the final fatty alcohols production of the engineered strain YLFL‐11 reached 83.8 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), which was 6.17‐fold higher than the initial production of YLFL‐2 in shake flask. Furthermore, these strategies were also applied for the elevation of lupeol and betulinic acid synthesis from acetate in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating that our work provides a practical solution for cofactor supply and the assimilation of inferior carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile route has been employed to synthesize a series of high performance activated carbons as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The structure of the carbons are characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption and FTIR spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of the carbons as an electrode material were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry test and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. As a biomass derived carbon, KOH-1 exhibits high capacity, good rate capability and high energy density, indicating the promising application of hydrothermal combining with KOH activation method for biomass materials that used in supercapacitors