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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common musculoskeletal injury, most frequently affecting young and physically active patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in ACL reconstruction to augment the graft healing. However, high-level studies addressing its clinical efficacy could not reach a consensus. In this study, we assess the efficacy of PRP on pain relief, functional improvement along with radiological changes in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. We performed comprehensive literature search and included 17 RCTs containing 970 participants who underwent ACL reconstruction. The combined data showed significant difference between PRP and control with regard to VAS score (MD: −1.12, 95% CI −1.92, −0.31; P =.007), subjective IKDC score (MD: 6.08, 95% CI 4.39, 7.77; P <.00001) and Lysholm score (MD: 8.49, 95% CI 1.63, 15.36; P =.02) by postoperative 6 months, but only pain reduction was deemed clinically important. At the end of one year's follow-up, no clinically meaningful improvement in VAS (MD: −0.47, P =.04), subjective IKDC score (MD: 3.99, P =.03), Lysholm score (MD: 2.30, P =.32), objective IKDC score (RR: 1.03, P =.09) and knee joint laxity (MD: 0.17, P =.28) was seen. In terms of radiological findings, about one-third of the studies favored PRP to facilitate the graft healing, improve the harvest site morbidity and prevent tunnel widening. In summary, moderate quality of evidence suggested that PRP could provide short-term but not long-term clinically important pain reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of parecoxib injection in pain relief after laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A comprehensive literature search based on 4 online databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) was applied to retrieve all related randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers screened each article for eligibility according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. A standardized data collection sheet was designed to extract data from included studies. RevMan version 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) was selected to perform meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 1,060 participants who were scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were enrolled in 12 selected RCTs. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated as moderate to high. The combined data showed that perioperative parecoxib injection could significantly reduce the proportion of patients who required adjuvant pain relieve after laparoscopic surgeries. Significantly lower pain scores in the parecoxib groups were observed, which proved that preoperative or intraoperative injection of 40 mg parecoxib was more effective than placebo for immediate pain relief after LC. But preoperative injection of 40 mg parecoxib showed no improvement compared with placebo in the management of immediate pain following gynecological laparoscopic surgery. The occurrence of adverse events showed no differences between perioperative parecoxib administration and placebo control. Conclusion: Perioperative parecoxib administration was effective in reducing the proportion of patients who required adjuvant pain relief after laparoscopic surgeries without significant adverse events compared with placebo. The effect of parecoxib injection on immediate pain relief remains in question. Future RCTs with larger sample sizes are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to establish and evaluate the methodology of isolated rabbit eye (IRE) test. Methods: IRE test was performed according to modifications of the in vitro toxicology (INVITTOX) Protocol No.85: Rabbit enucleated eye test by European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), and then 26 chemicals and 26 cosmetic products were tested in both in vitro IRE and in vivo Draize tests. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relevance of the IRE test to the data generated in the Draize test. Results: IRE test was established successfully in our laboratory. It was shown that ranking correlation and class concordance were fairly well between the IRE test and the Draize test for 26 reference chemicals (Fisher''s Exact Test χ2=51.314, P<0.001; McNemar P=0.261; Gamma=0.960, P<0.001; Kappa=0.843, P<0.001) and 26 cosmetic products (Fisher''s Exact Test χ2=15.522, P<0.001; McNemar P=0.311; Gamma=0.967, P<0.001; Kappa=0.611, P<0.001). Conclusion: IRE test was established successfully for in vitro testing of eye irritation as an alternative to Draize test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The signaling mechanisms for most of the antiproliferative processes are not fully understood. We have demonstrated that ERK(MAPK) signaling was involved in the induction of both p15INK4band p16INK4a CDK inhibitors and growth inhibition of hepatoma cell HepG2 triggered by the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). In this study, the upstream signal mechanism for TPA-induced ERK(MAPK) activation was investigated. In HepG2 cells only one of the cPKC isozymes, PKC α, but not cPKC βII, nPKC ɛ or aPKC ζ was activated by TPA as demonstrated by its membrane translocation within 10–30 min and down-regulation at 24 h after TPA treatment. Pretreatment of 0.2–2.0 μM Bisindolylmaleimides, an inhibitor of PKC, attenuated the TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK, gene expressions of p15INK4band p16INK4a, and growth inhibition of HepG2 cell in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, transfection of HepG2 with 1.0–3.0 μM antisense (AS) PKC α, but not (AS) PKC βII, or nPKC ɛ oligonucleotides (ODN), for 36 h prior to TPA treatment also prevented the TPA-induced molecular and cellular effects described above. Taken together, we concluded that PKC α is specifically required for TPA-induced ERK(MAPK) signaling to trigger gene expressions of p15INK4band p16INK4a leading to HepG2 growth inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]