Search

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) has emerged as a promising but challenging orientation in sustainable development. Cu is one of the most effective NO3RR catalysts. However, the accumulation of NO2− on their surface has erected bars to the further improvement of NO3RR efficiency. Herein, Cu‐based electrocatalyst with low‐coordinated Cu atoms (Cu‐LC) is synthesized via the instantaneous ablation and rapid cooling of the Cu target by pulse laser and proposed as a new NO3RR electrocatalyst, which exhibits enhanced NO3RR activity with NH3 selectivity of 97.01%, yield rate of 0.624 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.8 V versus RHE and long‐term durability, superior to most reported Cu‐based catalysts. The introduction of low‐coordinated Cu sites upshifts the Cu d‐band center to near the Fermi Level, enhancing the adsorption of key intermediates (*NO2, *NO) in NO3RR, and also effectively regulating the generation of *NO2 and hydrogenation process, inhibiting the accumulation of NO2− on the Cu‐LC surface, thus achieving efficient NH3 production. Furthermore, when evaluated as cathode material in Zn–NO3− battery, an open circuit voltage of 1.3 V and a power density of 3.1 mW cm−2 are achieved by the Cu‐LC‐based battery, highlighting a promising multifunctional system for ammonia production and energy supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is highly demanded in various fields ranging from industrial inspection, biomedical diagnosis to astronomical observation. However, the detection sensitivity of conventional MIR spectrometers is severely limited by excessive noises for existing infrared sensors, which hinders widespread use in photon‐scarce scenarios. Here, a broadband MIR single‐photon time‐stretch spectrometer is devised and implemented based on high‐fidelity spectral upconversion and time‐correlated coincidence counting. Specifically, a nanophotonic supercontinuum illumination covering 2.4–4.2 µm is nonlinearly converted to the near‐infrared band, where low‐loss single‐mode fiber and high‐performance silicon detector can be leveraged to facilitate dispersive operation and sensitive detection, respectively. The arrival time for the dispersed upconversion photons is precisely registered with a low‐timing‐jitter photon counter, which enables us to obtain a high spectral resolution about 0.5 cm−1 under a low‐light‐level illumination down to 0.14 photons/nm/pulse. In comparison to previous MIR upconversion spectrometers, the presented time‐stretch architecture favors single‐pixel simplicity and high‐throughput acquisition for the single‐photon spectral measurement. The achieved MIR spectroscopic features of broadband spectral coverage, sub‐wavenumber resolution, single‐photon sensitivity, and room‐temperature operation would stimulate immediate applications in material and life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock forecasting research, which aims to predict the future price movement of stocks, has been the focus of investors and scholars. This is important for practical applications related to human-centric computing and information sciences. Previous research has generally only considered market information other than the relationship between stocks, and it is challenging to learn a better representation of stock characteristics by considering the relationship between stocks. In the existing methods of combining market information with stock relationship modeling, most of them use predefined industry relationships to construct stock relationship diagrams, which inevitably ignores the potential interactions between stocks, especially the hidden relationships between stock groups. To this end, a new dual-graph attention model (MF-DAT) based on multisource information fusion is designed. Specifically, first, multiple features are fused by the LMF module, then the long-term and short-term state characteristics of stocks are learned through the first layer of the graph attention layer, and finally the node representation of the stock relationship network constructed by the mining stock cluster structure through community detection is updated. Our model takes into account both stock time-series information and potential relationships between stocks. Experiments on the S &P 500 and NASDAQ datasets show that our MF-DAT has better performance than the 8 SOTA methods that are now more popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary pancreatic signet ring cell carcinoma (PSRCC), an extremely rare histologic variant of pancreatic cancer, has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of chemotherapy in PSRCC. Methods: Patients with PSRCC between 2000 and 2019 were identified using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The main outcomes in this study were cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The baseline characteristics of patients were compared using Pearson's Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate the survival curves. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, and Random Survival Forest model were used to analyze the prognostic variables for OS and CSS. The variance inflation factors (VIFs) were used to analyze whether there was an overfitting problem. Results: A total of 588 patients were identified. Chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS, and significantly associated with OS (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.27–0.40, P <0.001) and CSS (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.26–0.39, P <0.001). Conclusions: Chemotherapy showed beneficial effects on OS and CSS in patients with PSRCC and should be recommended in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been a research focus in recent years owing to its extensive potential applications. However, how to model the mechanical properties of MoS2 is an open question. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear static bending and forced vibrations of MoS2, subjected to boundary axial and thermal stresses using modified plate theory with independent in-plane and out-of-plane stiffnesses. First, two nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained using the Galerkin method to represent the nonlinear vibrations of the first two symmetrical modes. Second, we analyze nonlinear static bending by neglecting the inertial and damping terms of the two equations. Finally, we explore nonlinear forced vibrations using the method of multiple scales for the first- and third-order modes, and their 1:3 internal resonance. The main results are as follows: (1) The thermal stress and the axial compressive stress reduce the MoS2 stiffness significantly. (2) The bifurcation points of the load at the low-frequency primary resonance are much smaller than those at high frequency under single-mode vibrations. (3) Temperature has a more remarkable influence on the higher-order mode than the lower-order mode under the 1:3 internal resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ritodrine hydrochloride is a widely used beta-adrenergic agonist used to stop preterm labor in Taiwan. Many side effects causing maternal morbidity and mortality have been reported. We report a case complicated with ritodrine-induced side effects and mirror syndrome that was associated with placental chorioangioma. Case presentation: A 36-year-old singleton pregnant woman at 25 6/7 weeks of gestation, with an undiagnosed placental chorioangioma, underwent tocolysis due to preterm uterine contractions. Her clinical condition deteriorated, attributed to mirror syndrome and adverse events induced by ritodrine. An emergency cesarean section was performed at 27 1/7 weeks of gestation, delivering an infant with generalized subcutaneous edema. A placental tumor measuring 8.5 cm was discovered during the operation, and pathology confirmed chorioangioma. Gradual improvement in her symptoms and laboratory data was observed during the postpartum period. Identifying mirror syndrome and ritodrine-induced side effects poses challenges. Therefore, this case is educational and warrants discussion. Conclusion: Our case demonstrates mirror syndrome induced by chorioangioma, which is rare, and ritodrine-induced side effects. The cessation of intravenous ritodrine and delivery are the best methods to treat maternal critical status due to fluid overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The caesarean section (CS) rate has increased worldwide and there is an increasing public and scientific interest in the potential long-term health consequences for the offspring. CS is related to persistent aberrant microbiota colonization in the offspring, which may negatively interfere with sex hormone homeostasis and thus potentially affect the reproductive health. It remains unknown whether adult sons' semen quality is affected by CS. We hypothesize that CS is associated with lower semen quality. Methods: This study was based on the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality cohort (FEPOS, enrolled from 2017 to 2019) nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC, enrolled from 1996 to 2002). A total of 5697 adult sons of mothers from the DNBC were invited to the FEPOS cohort, and 1044 young men participated in this study. Information on mode of delivery was extracted from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, and included vaginal delivery, elective CS before labor, emergency CS during labor and unspecified CS. The young men provided a semen sample for analysis of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Negative binomial regression models were applied to examine the association between CS and semen characteristics with estimation of relative differences in percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among included sons, 132 (13%) were born by CS. We found a slightly lower non-progressive sperm motility (reflecting higher progressive sperm motility) among sons born by CS compared to sons born by vaginal delivery [relative difference (95% CI): − 7.5% (− 14.1% to − 0.4%)]. No differences were observed for other sperm characteristics. When CS was further classified into elective CS, emergency CS and unspecified CS in a sensitivity analysis, no significant differences in non-progressive motility were observed among sons born by any of the three types of CS compared to sons born vaginally. Conclusions: This large population-based cohort study found no significant evidence for an adverse effect on semen quality in adult sons born by CS. Plain language summary: Caesarean section is one of the most frequently used interventions during childbirth and global cesarean delivery rates continue to increase. The rising cesarean delivery rate has been reported to be related with series of adverse health outcomes in children, such as asthma, allergies, obesity, diabetes and even poor emotional, behavioral and educational outcomes. Still, it remains unknown whether children's reproductive health is affected by this delivery mode. Based on data from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality cohort (FEPOS,) nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort, we have therefore analyzed the potential effect of caesarean section on son's semen quality in 1044 young men. We found a slightly higher progressive sperm motility among sons born by caesarean section compared to sons born by vaginal delivery. No differences, however, were observed for semen volume, sperm concentration and morphology between the two delivery modes. The FEPOS cohort is the largest population-based male offspring cohort worldwide. This is the first study aiming to examine the association between caesarean section and semen quality in adulthood. Although the findings need to be confirmed in other studies, it is reassuring that this large population-based cohort study finds no significant evidence for an adverse effect on semen quality in adult sons born by caesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 36-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 1 (previous cesarean section), with one medical abortion, and no history of systemic diseases presented an unremarkable medical history during prenatal visits. The final prenatal ultrasound at 38 weeks of gestation showed a vertex presentation, a weight of 2600 g, a normal amniotic fluid level, and the placenta located on the posterior wall of the uterus. Fetal cardiotocography conducted before delivery reported a reactive heart rate without decelerations. The Doppler wave analysis of the fetal umbilical artery was normal (the ratio of peak-systolic flow velocity to the end-diastolic flow velocity was 2.5) without the absence or reversal of end-diastolic velocity. The total score of the fetal biophysical profile by ultrasound was 8. The night before the scheduled cesarean section, she experienced heightened anxiety and was unable to sleep, noting "crazy" fetal movements throughout the night. During the cesarean section, it was discovered that the umbilical cord was wrapped around the newborn's legs, resembling ankle shackles. The fetal weight was 2740 g, and Apgar scores were 9 at the first minute and 10 at the fifth minute. The motility of the neonatal legs was normal without cyanosis or neurological adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Help seeking has traditionally been studied in face‐to‐face settings using self‐report instruments measuring learners' internal inclinations for help seeking (eg, perceived benefits and threats). Much less is known about help seeking in online learning. Furthermore, external environmental factors such as a positive climate were found to encourage help seeking. Utilizing peer‐help analytics as well as self‐report measures, this study simultaneously modelled the structural relationships among students' perceived class climate, internal help‐seeking inclinations, help‐seeking engagement, participation in peer help and performance in an online class. Results from structural equation modelling indicated that students' perceived goal structure of an online class had a significant influence on their internal help‐seeking inclinations, which subsequently affected their help‐seeking engagement, participation in peer help and learning outcomes. Instructors of online classes should pay particular attention to fostering a mastery‐oriented climate in order to encourage help seeking and improve academic performance. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Help seeking is important for academic success. Due to a variety of individual and contextual factors, students often do not seek help despite the need. Existing research on help seeking focuses on the face‐to‐face setting and relies on self‐report measures. Students' help‐seeking inclinations and patterns may differ between in‐person classes and the online environment. What this paper adds This study examined help seeking in an online class through self‐report measures and objective analytics data. This study modelled the structural relationships among the external climate of an online class, students' internal help‐seeking inclinations, engagement in help seeking, participation in peer help and course performance. Structural equation modelling found that the goal structure of an online class influenced students' internal help‐seeking inclinations. Online students' internal help‐seeking inclinations affected their grades through their participation in help seeking. Implications for practice and/or policy A mastery‐oriented class climate elicits online learners' positive help‐seeking inclinations while discouraging negative ones. The design and teaching of online classes should aim to foster a mastery‐oriented climate. Online classes should offer peer‐help opportunities and encourage student participation, which is conducive to academic performance. What is already known about this topic Help seeking is important for academic success. Due to a variety of individual and contextual factors, students often do not seek help despite the need. Existing research on help seeking focuses on the face‐to‐face setting and relies on self‐report measures. Students' help‐seeking inclinations and patterns may differ between in‐person classes and the online environment. What this paper adds This study examined help seeking in an online class through self‐report measures and objective analytics data. This study modelled the structural relationships among the external climate of an online class, students' internal help‐seeking inclinations, engagement in help seeking, participation in peer help and course performance. Structural equation modelling found that the goal structure of an online class influenced students' internal help‐seeking inclinations. Online students' internal help‐seeking inclinations affected their grades through their participation in help seeking. Implications for practice and/or policy A mastery‐oriented class climate elicits online learners' positive help‐seeking inclinations while discouraging negative ones. The design and teaching of online classes should aim to foster a mastery‐oriented climate. Online classes should offer peer‐help opportunities and encourage student participation, which is conducive to academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted this paper to decipher the efficacy of the combined chemotherapy of zoledronic acid and pamidronate in treating bone metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects on pain stress and bone metabolic indices. Methods: Patients with bone metastases from NSCLC were allocated into Group A and Group B. Patients in the Group A were administrated with pamidronate combined chemotherapy and patients in the Group B were administrated with zoledronic acid combined chemotherapy. The efficacy, pain symptom scores, quality of life scores, serum inflammatory factor, serum bone metabolic indices, serum pain stress indicators, and the occurrence of adverse effects were compared in patients of the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of treatment was higher in the Group B than in the Group A. After treatment, reduced Numerical Rating Scale scores and elevated Karnofsky Performance Score score, reduced serum levels of N‐terminal mid‐fragment of osteocalcin, N‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen hydroxyl terminal peptide β special sequence, reduced serum levels of C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6, as well as decreased levels of bradykinin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and β‐endorphin were found in the Group B versus the Group A. No notable difference was witnessed in the rate of adverse reactions between the Group A and the Group B. Conclusion: Zoledronic acid combined with chemotherapy can effectively treat bone metastases of NSCLC and improve pain stress and bone metabolic status, which has value that can be promoted and applied in clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often impossible to obtain solid carbon quantum dots (CQDs) fluorescent powder by direct drying due to a self-quenching effect, which limits their large-scale application. Here, we first report a general method for rapidly conversing CQDs solution into fluorescent powder via a crosslinking reaction of 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560). Initially, N-doped CQDs (N-CQDs) with an ultra-high quantum yield (QY) of 98.45 % and concentration-dependent luminescence behavior were synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal reaction involving citric acid and ethylenediamine. The N-CQDs solution at low and high concentrations emits blue and cyan fluorescence under ultraviolet light, respectively. By the action of aqueous ammonia, KH-560 quickly forms a gel matrix at room temperature to realize the dispersion and anchor of N-CQDs to prepare N-CQDs fluorescent powder (NK). NK not only inherits the strong luminescence performance (QY = 71.87 %) of N-CQDs but also exhibits excellent fluorescence stability, successfully applied in blue and cyan LED lighting and fluorescent ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salicylic acid plays a crucial role during plant defense to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Some bacteria and a few fungi can produce salicylate hydroxylase to degrade SA to suppress plant defense and increase their virulence. But there has been no single salicylate hydroxylase in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum identified until now. In this study, we found that SS1G_02963 (SsShy1), among several predicted salicylate hydroxylases in S. sclerotiorum, was induced approximately 17.6-fold during infection, suggesting its potential role in virulence. SsShy1 could catalyze the conversion of SA to catechol when heterologous expression in E. coli. Moreover, overexpression of SsShy1 in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the SA concentration and the resistance to S. sclerotiorum, confirming that SsShy1 is a salicylate hydroxylase. Deletion mutants of SsShy1 (∆Ssshy1) showed slower growth, less sclerotia production, more sensitivity to exogenous SA, and lower virulence to Brassica napus. The complemented strain with a functional SsShy1 gene recovered the wild-type phenotype. These results indicate that SsShy1 plays an important role in growth and sclerotia production of S. sclerotiorum, as well as the ability to metabolize SA affects the virulence of S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most commonly used coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate in China, the individualized dosing prediction model of Kovaltry (BAY81–8973) is not fully investigated in pediatric patients. The prophylaxis tailored by population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model can optimize dosing regimens. This study aimed to develop PopPK models of BAY 81–8973 in pediatric patients, identify quantitative relationships of blood type (as a substitution for von Willebrand factor) on FVIII clearance and provide model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) procedures. Pediatric patients with severe hemophilia A were enrolled and PK tests were conducted. The blood samples were collected at six time point. One-stage-based activated partial thromboplastin time was used for FVIII activity. Basic demographics and key covariates (blood type and von Willebrand factor antigen) were collected. A nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) approach was employed to establish PopPK model. Simulations were performed to evaluate current dosing regimens and present MIPD strategies. A total of 30 pediatric patients were included in the analysis. In the final model, Fat-free mass calculated from weight, age, and height was included as a size descriptor which affect FVIII apparent volume of distribution and clearance. Both von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and blood type accounted for the interindividual variability of FVIII clearance, but only one can retain in the final model. Therefore, two PopPK models based on VWF:Ag or blood type were developed. When the VWF:Ag value is doubled, the FVIII clearance is reduced by 35 %. Compared with blood type non-O, the clearance in pediatric patients with blood type O increased by 25.9 %. Weight-based dosing without regard to age and blood type resulted in large differences in FVIII trough activity. Patient demographics, dosing information, sparse blood samples and PopPK model together with Bayesian estimate constituted the MIPD workflow. Using it, the individual parameters and optimized dosing regimen could be achieved. This is the first predictive model designed to predict individualized dosing of BAY 81–8973 in pediatric patients with Hemophilia A. These results are useful in the PK-guided prophylaxis among pediatric patients and hold great potential to improve their long-term clinical outcomes. [Display omitted] • Two population PK models of FVIII concentrate BAY 81-8973 in pediatric patients were developed for the first time. • Both von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and blood type accounted for the interindividual variability of FVIII clearance. • VWF:Ag can explain 5.8% of interindividual variability in clearance more than blood type. • Blood type can act as a substitute for VWF:Ag and the CL with blood type O increased by 25.9% compared with blood type non-O. • The models hold great potential to improve long-term clinical outcomes by predicting individualized dosing of FVIII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High hardness and high toughness (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N)-based ceramics were prepared using pre-synthesized high-entropy carbonitride (HECN) powder and high-entropy alloy (HEA) via spark plasma sintering. By HEA addition of 5 vol%, dense (Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W)(C,N)-based ceramics with fine microstructure was obtained at 1450 °C. Due to the presence of the precipitated (Mo,W) 2 C phase within the HECN matrix, which forms a solid solution with the added HEA, the ceramics exhibited the high Vickers hardness (24.5 ± 1.3 GPa) and fracture toughness (6.1 ± 0.4 MPa m1/2), arise from the fine grain structure of the ceramics and the pronounced effect of crack deflection. This study introduced a new strategy for the preparation of high-entropy carbonitride-based ceramics, which significantly improved the fracture toughness while maintained high hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, short‐ and long‐chain lipids from oils exhibit different antimicrobial activities and therefore have been used in agriculture and aquaculture, biomedical therapeutic and antibacterial fields. However, these fatty acids have limitations in terms of bioactive efficacy, thermostability and aqueous solubility. In this study, water‐soluble iso‐fatty acid arginate hydrochloride derivatives with antimicrobial properties were produced by introducing branched (iso‐) chain and other linear‐ (n‐) chain fatty acids to the "arginine" amino acid molecule. The two‐step synthetic route was straightforward and provided an efficient 88% and 76% product yields for ethyl n‐oleoyl arginate hydrochloride and ethyl iso‐oleoyl arginate hydrochloride, respectively. ATR‐FT‐IR, NMR, and LC‐MS‐Q‐TOF techniques were used to thoroughly characterize and confirm the products. These arginate products had strong antimicrobial activities against Listeria innucua, a Gram‐positive bacterium with minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 1.8 µg mL−1 to 29.1 µg mL−1. Therefore, the study demonstrated the development of a novel class of antimicrobial compounds from iso‐fatty acids and arginates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common types of food allergy in infants. Faecal pathogen cultures showed that the positive rate of Clostridium perfringens was more than 30%, which was significantly higher than that for other bacteria. Therefore, it is speculated that Clostridium perfringens colonization may be one of the pathogenetic factors for CMPA in infants. We conducted a real-world evidence study. Infants aged 0–6 months with diarrhoea and mucoid and/or bloody stools were recruited from a large tertiary hospital in China. Faecal pathogen cultures for the detection of Clostridium perfringens were confirmed by flight mass spectrometry, and potential toxin genes were identified using PCR. After 12 months of follow-up, the diagnoses of CMPA and food allergy were recorded. The correlation was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: In this study, 358 infants aged 0–6 months with gastrointestinal symptoms and faecal pathogen cultures were recruited. A total of 270 (44.07% girls; mean age, 2.78 ± 2.84 months) infants were followed up for 12 months. Overall, the rate of positivity for Clostridium perfringens in faecal pathogen cultures was 35.75% (128/358) in infants aged ≤ 6 months. The earliest Clostridium perfringens colonization was detected within 2 days after birth. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates were classified as type C in 85 stool samples. In the Clostridium perfringens-positive group, 48.21% (54/112) of infants were clinically diagnosed with food allergies after 12 months, including 37.5% (42/112) with CMPA, which was significantly higher than that of the negative group, with 7.59% (12/158) exhibiting food allergies and 5.06% (8/158) presenting CMPA (P < 0.0001). Faecal Clostridium perfringens positivity was significantly correlated with CMPA, food allergy, faecal occult blood, faecal white blood cells, antibiotic use, increased peripheral blood platelet counts, and decreased haemoglobin levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens is common in infants. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates are classified as type C. Colonization of the intestine by Clostridium perfringens is associated with the development of CMPA and food allergy in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to identify potential predictors of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) in patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and methods: In A total of 51 patients, newly diagnosed with intermediate-stage HCC between January 2013 and December 2020, were enrolled. Prior to treatment, histological samples were collected for western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The predictive roles of clinical indicators and genes in patient prognosis were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Finally, the correlation between imaging features and gene signatures was examined. Results: Using WES, we identified that bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) was significantly mutated in patients with different TACE responses. No significant difference in BRD7 expression was observed between patients with and without BRD7 mutations. HCC tumors exhibited higher BRD7 than normal liver tissues. Multivariate analysis revealed that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), BRD7 expression, and BRD7 mutations were independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, Child–Pugh class, BRD7 expression, and BRD7 mutations were independent risk factors for overall survival (OS). Patients with wild-type BRD7 and high BRD7 expression had worse PFS and OS, whereas those with mutated BRD7 and low BRD7 expression exhibited the best PFS and OS. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that wash-in enhancement on computed tomography might be an independent risk factor for high BRD7 expression. Conclusion: BRD7 expression may be an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with HCC undergoing TACE. Imaging features such as wash-in enhancement are closely related to BRD7 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pols) transfer the genetic information stored in genomic DNA to RNA in all organisms. In eukaryotes, the typical products of nuclear Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III are ribosomal RNAs, mRNAs, and transfer RNAs, respectively. Intriguingly, plants possess two additional Pols, Pol IV and Pol V, which produce small RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, respectively, mainly for silencing transposable elements. The five plant Pols share some subunits, but their distinct functions stem from unique subunits that interact with specific regulatory factors in their transcription cycles. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of plant nucleus-localized Pols, including their evolution, function, structures, and transcription cycles. This review explores the evolution, structure, and functions in transcription of nucleus-localized DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive and fast mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is highly attractive in a variety of applications including astronomical observation, pharmaceutical synthesis, and environmental monitoring. However, the performance of conventional MIR spectrometers has long been hindered by the limited sensitivity of narrow‐bandgap detectors and/or the deficient brightness of broadband light sources. Here, an ultra‐sensitive and broadband MIR upconversion spectrometer, which integrates a supercontinuum source covering 1.5–4.2 μ$\umu$m based on a silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide, is devised and integrated. High‐efficiency and low‐noise nonlinear frequency upconversion is realized based on coincidence pulsed pumping with spectro‐temporal optimization, which enables leverage of silicon detectors for facilitating MIR single‐photon spectroscopy at 0.2 photons/nm/pulse. Furthermore, the upconversion‐based array spectrometer is manifested with high‐speed spectral acquisition rates beyond 200 kHz, which is about tenfold faster than the state‐of‐the‐art scan rates for FTIR‐based spectrometers at a comparable spectral resolution. The achieved features of broadband spectral coverage, single‐photon sensitivity, and sub‐MHz refreshing rate might open up new possibilities for infrared transient spectral measurements in combustion analysis, high‐throughput sorting, and reaction tracking, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that nutritional supplements could reduce the adverse effects induced by air pollution. However, whether dietary patterns can modify the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline has not been evaluated. Methods: We included 47,501 Chinese adults from a nationwide cross-sectional study. PM2.5 and five constituents were estimated by satellite-based random forest models. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores were calculated for each participant. Interactions between dietary patterns and air pollution were examined by adding a multiplicative interaction term to logistic models. Results: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension. The DASH and AMED scores significantly modified these associations, as individuals with higher scores had a significantly lower risk of air pollution-related hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension (P-interaction < 0.05), except for interaction between PM2.5, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and AMED score on stage 1 hypertension. For each IQR increase in PM2.5, participants with the lowest DASH and AMED quintiles had hypertension risk with ORs (95%CI) of 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) and 1.19 (1.09, 1.29), whereas those with the highest DASH and AMED quintiles had lower risks with 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) and 1.04 (0.97, 1.11). The stratified analysis found modification effect was more prominent in the < 65 years age group. Consuming more fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy would reduce the risk of hypertension caused by PM2.5 and its constituents. Conclusions: Dietary patterns rich in antioxidants can reduce long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents-induced hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, especially in young and middle-aged individuals. Compared to the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet offers superior dietary guidance to prevent stage 1 hypertension caused by air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO) synaptic transistors gated by solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) were fabricated on glass substrates. Ammonium bromide (NH4Br) was first doped in SBE-based alginate as the gate dielectric to study the performances of synaptic transistors. With the NH4Br doping, a high electric-double-layer capacitance of ~ 6.4 μF cm−2 was obtained for the biopolymer electrolyte, which could be attributed to the incorporation of excess protons into the electrolyte from the complexation between alginate and NH4Br. Moreover, synaptic functions based on this IGZO transistor gated by NH4Br-doped alginate were successfully emulated, including excitatory post-synaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation. The present results may provide a solution for the performance improvements of synaptic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the carbide boronizing reaction, B 4 C-(Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)B 2 composites were prepared by reactive and non-reactive spark plasma sintering using self-synthesized (Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)C and compared with previously reported B 4 C-(Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)B 2 composites prepared by reactive spark plasma sintering using corresponding 5 commercial individual transition metal carbides. Irrespective of sintering methods, B 4 C-(Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)B 2 prepared by using the self-synthesized (Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)C powder presented higher relative densities, smaller grain sizes, a more homogeneous elemental distribution and higher Vickers' hardness than the materials available in the literature. However, compared with reactive spark plasma sintering, B 4 C-(Hf,Zr,Ta,Nb,Ti)B 2 prepared by non-reactive spark plasma sintering had a more uniform phase distribution, leading to the higher Vickers hardness up to about 30 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Survival prediction is important in cancer patients receiving hospice care. Palliative prognostic index (PPI) and palliative prognostic (PaP) scores have been used to predict survival in cancer patients. However, cancer primary site with metastatic status, enteral feeding tubes, Foley catheter, tracheostomy, and treatment interventions are not considered in aforementioned tools. The study aimed to investigate the cancer features and potential clinical factors other than PPI and PaP to predict patient survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study for cancer patients admitted to a hospice ward between January 2021 and December 2021. We examined the correlation of PPI and PaP scores with survival time since hospice ward admission. Multiple linear regression was used to test the potential clinical factors other than PPI and PaP for predicting survival. Results: A total of 160 patients were enrolled. The correlation coefficients for PPI and PaP scores with survival time were -0.305 and -0.352 (both p < 0.001), but the predictabilities were only marginal at 0.087 and 0.118, respectively. In multiple regression, liver metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor as adjusted by PPI (β = -8.495, p = 0.013) or PaP score (β = -7.139, p = 0.034), while feeding gastrostomy or jejunostomy were found to prolong survival as adjusted by PPI (β = 24.461, p < 0.001) or PaP score (β = 27.419, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Association between PPI and PaP with patient survival in cancer patients at their terminal stages is low. The presence of liver metastases is a poor survival factor independent of PPI and PaP score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a tunable metamaterial absorber based on a epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material with a large optical nonlinearity. We show that the absorption efficiency of the metamaterial can be dynamically controlled by changing the incident intensity. Moreover, we demonstrate that a hybrid metamaterial, composed of ENZ material and dielectric material, exhibits nonreciprocal absorption due to the broken spatial inversion symmetry and the large optical nonlinearity of ENZ material. Changing the intensity of incident beam, one can tune the absorption efficiency of hybrid metamaterial from 50% to 90%. Our study provides a novel approach toward ultrafast dynamical control of the absorption efficiency of metamaterial for such applications as microbolometers, thermal imaging, harvesting, scattering reduction, photodetection, and stealth technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although small-scale effect or thermal stress significantly impact the mechanical properties of nanobeams, their combined effects and the temperature dependence of the elastic parameters have yet to attract the attention of researchers. In the present paper, we propose a new nonlocal nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli theory to model the mechanical properties of nanobeams. We considered the small-scale effect, thermal stress, and the temperature dependence of Young's modulus. A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was used to demonstrate the influence of the three factors on elastic buckling and forced bending vibrations. The results indicate that thermal stress and the temperature dependence of Young's modulus have a remarkable influence on the mechanical properties of slender SWCNTs as compared to the small-scale effect induced by the nonlocal effect. Ignoring the temperature effect of slender SWCNTs may cause qualitative mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a high-precision accelerometer based on single-level diffraction of a single grating is optimized and improved. The sensor consists of an optical system displacement measurement system using grating interferometry and a mechanical structural part made of silicon. The sensor is analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) and strictly coupled wave analysis methods. The optical accelerometer has an optical sensitivity of 2.21%/μm over the entire measurement range, and total sensitivity of system is 424%/g (note: 1 g = 9.8 m/s2) with and a cross sensitivity of 3.21%. Furthermore, the first-order resonant frequency is 35.995 Hz and the linear measurement range is ± 0.0177 g. Compared with other low-frequency sensors, a high-performance accelerometer sensor is realized. And can be applied to high-tech fields such as inertial navigation and guidance system, space ocean gravity distribution measurement, and artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the dynamic characteristics of graphene nanoplatelet (GPL) reinforced rotating laminated composite cantilever plates using the element-free improved moving least-squares Ritz (IMLS-Ritz) method. The modified Halpin–Tsai model and rule of mixture are employed to predict the effective material properties. The energy functions of rotating GPL reinforced composite (GPLRC) cantilever plates are obtained by the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) including the rotational effects. Based on the IMLS-Ritz approximation, the discrete vibration equation of rotating GPLRC cantilever plates is derived. The accuracy of the IMLS-Ritz results is examined by comparing the natural frequencies with those obtained from published values. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out, with a particular focus on the effects of rotating speed, weight fraction, distribution pattern, total number of layers, and geometric parameters of rotating plates on the natural frequencies. Results show that a small amount of addition of GPLs can greatly increase the natural frequency of rotating GPLRC cantilever plates. The increment of natural frequency shrink when rotating speed is sufficiently high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), one of the most common forms of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, is caused by abnormally expanded CTG repeats in the 3′ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The CUG repeats transcribed from the expanded CTG repeats sequestrate a splicing factor, MBNL1, causing the clinical symptoms in DM1. Nowadays, only symptomatic treatments are available for DM1, and no rational therapy is available. Recently, upregulation of MBNL1 expression has been found to be one of the promising therapies for DM1. Methods: All experiments were conducted in the C2C12 myoblasts and HSALR mice, a DM1 mouse model. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein level, respectively. The rotarod exercise, grip strength and hanging time were used to evaluate the muscle strength of mice. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D3, increased MBNL1 in C2C12 mouse myoblasts as well as in HSALR mice model for DM1. In HSALR mice model, calcitriol improved muscle strength, and corrected aberrant splicing in skeletal muscle. Besides, calcitriol reduced the number of central nuclei, and improved muscle histopathology in HSALR mice. In addition, we identified that calcitriol upregulated MBNL1 expression via activating the promoter of Mbnl1 in C2C12 myogenic cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that calcitriol is a potential pharmacological strategy for DM1 that enhances MBNL1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), one of the most common forms of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, is caused by abnormally expanded CTG repeats in the 3′ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The CUG repeats transcribed from the expanded CTG repeats sequestrate a splicing factor, MBNL1, causing the clinical symptoms in DM1. Nowadays, only symptomatic treatments are available for DM1, and no rational therapy is available. Recently, upregulation of MBNL1 expression has been found to be one of the promising therapies for DM1. Methods: All experiments were conducted in the C2C12 myoblasts and HSALR mice, a DM1 mouse model. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein level, respectively. The rotarod exercise, grip strength and hanging time were used to evaluate the muscle strength of mice. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D3, increased MBNL1 in C2C12 mouse myoblasts as well as in HSALR mice model for DM1. In HSALR mice model, calcitriol improved muscle strength, and corrected aberrant splicing in skeletal muscle. Besides, calcitriol reduced the number of central nuclei, and improved muscle histopathology in HSALR mice. In addition, we identified that calcitriol upregulated MBNL1 expression via activating the promoter of Mbnl1 in C2C12 myogenic cells. Conclusion: Our study suggests that calcitriol is a potential pharmacological strategy for DM1 that enhances MBNL1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As standard care of severe haemophilia A (SHA), prophylaxis should be individualised. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this new‐proposed individualised prophylaxis protocol. Methods: Boys with SHA were enrolled and followed a PK‐guided, trough‐level escalating protocol of prophylaxis after a six‐month observational period. In the next 2 years, clinical assessments including joint bleeds, ultrasound (US) scores and Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) in both sides of ankles, knees and elbows were conducted every 6 months as a scoring system, which determined whether the trough level's escalation. Adjustment of dosing regimen was based on WAPPS‐Hemo. Results: Fifty‐eight SHA boys were finally analysed. Their age and bodyweight were 5.3(2.8,6.9) years and 21.5(16,25) kg. During the study, 47 escalations were conducted. At study exit, the patient number and proportion of different trough level groups were: < 1 IU/dl, 17.2% (10/58); 1–3 IU/dl, 53.5% (31/58); 3–5 IU/dl, 15.5% (9/58); > 5 IU/dl, 13.8% (8/58). Significantly reduced annualised bleeding rate [4(0,8) to 0(0,2), p <.0001] and annualised joint bleeding rate [2(0,4) to 0(0,.25), p <.0001] was observed at study exit as well as the continuous trend of increased zero bleeding proportion (ZBP) (27.6%–69.0%) and zero joint bleeding proportion (46.5%–81.3%). Besides, 85% (6/7) of the target joints vanished. Statistical improvements of US scores (p =.04) and HJHS (p =.02) were also reported at study exit. Conclusion: Our results showed the effectiveness of our protocol based on individualised target trough level and emphasise the importance of personalised prophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of NV* color centers in silicon carbide, as a new candidate for quantum technologies, have attracted increasing attention in the past ten years. To date, there are three methods of fabricating color centers in silicon carbide: ion injection, electronic irradiation, and femtosecond laser writing. Notably, these methods are too expensive for application. In this work, we use a laser writing method to produce color centers in 4H-SiC, employing a nanosecond laser. The 4H-SiC is placed on a steady optical platform, different powers (from 30 to 100 W) of the laser are used to illuminate the 4H-SiC, and a special array of color centers is produced on different pieces of the 4H-SiC with a size of 4×4 mm. Around the array, several optically-detected color centers appear. The fabricated color centers are optically characterized by confocal imaging with a 532 nm excitation at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra certainly show that the color centers are successfully produced. The Raman spectrum shows approximately 2,000 counts of the color center ensemble. The method clearly results in fabricated silicon vacancy color centers that can emit in both ranges of 850 – 950 nm and 650 – 750 nm. This technique can be used to engineer color centers in SiC for the single-photon generation, sensing, display fabrication, and light emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper evaluates the literature guarantee for Folklore graduate students based on their dissertations at Beijing Normal University (BNU) Library. First, it investigates related works concerning literature guarantees. Researchers collected 72 master's and 47 doctoral students' dissertations between 2011 and 2014. By building a literature guarantee hierarchy for monographs and periodicals, this study maps citations to the library collection to quantify the collection status. Findings demonstrate that nearly 81% of monograph citations, which is slightly less than periodical citations (nearly 90%), are owned by the library. In frequently cited literature, the percentage rises to 90% for both monographs and periodicals. Moreover, the literature guarantee percentage of electronic monographs (74.8%) and periodicals (87.6%) are both higher than paper editions. This study also provides suggestions to improve the literature guarantee. Finally, it points out some limitations and future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach using water as the stripping phase for extraction and recovery of low-concentration Ga (III) from concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions by Aliquat 336-based supported liquid membrane (SLM) is suggested. Generally, the stripping of Ga (III) from the loaded organic phase during liquid-liquid two-phase stirring extraction using quaternary ammonium salt as an extractant is extremely difficult. However, in the present work, an efficient mass transfer of low-concentration Ga (III) through the SLM was observed by introducing a low acidity (pH=2) aqueous solution as the stripping phase of the SLM. It was revealed that dissociation of GaCl 4 - and HCl 2 - anions into Ga3+, Cl- and H+ ions at the stripping/membrane phase interface play an important role in driving the mass transfer of GaCl 4 - from the concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions towards stripping phases. Kinetic analysis suggests that the permeability coefficient of Ga (III) ions through the SLM is dependent on the reaction temperature, extractant Aliquat 336 concentrations, and the difference in Cl- concentrations between the two sides of the liquid membrane phase, but independent of H+ concentrations. In view of future's applications for selective separation and recovery of low-concentration Ga (III) from the concentrated hydrochloric acid leaching solutions of various gallium-containing solid wastes, separation selectivity of Ga (III) against other coexisting metal impurity ions, such as Fe (II), Al (III), Mg (II) and Cu (II), was also evaluated. [Display omitted] • Water as stripping phase for selective separation and recovery of Ga(III) in concentrated hydrochloric acid. • The difficulty during traditional solvent extraction for stripping Ga(III) from the loaded organic phase can be solved. • Dissociation of GaCl 4 - anions into Ga3+ cations at the interface is the driving force. • The permeability coefficient depends on Cl- concentrations but independent of H+ concentrations. • Low-concentration Ga(III) can be selectively separated from Fe(II), Al(III), Mg(II), and Cu(II) mixed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Alzheimer's disease, heterogeneity has been observed in the postmortem distribution of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Visualizing the topography of tau in vivo may facilitate clinical trials and clinical practice.Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether tau distribution patterns that are limited to mesial temporal lobe (MTL)/limbic regions, and those that spare MTL regions, can be visually identified using 18F-MK6240, and whether these patterns are associated with different demographic and cognitive profiles.Methods: Tau 18F-MK6240 PET images of 151 amyloid-β positive participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia were visually rated as: tau negative, limbic predominant (LP), MTL-sparing, and Typical by two readers. Groups were evaluated for differences in age, APOE ɛ4 carriage, hippocampal volumes, and cognition (MMSE, composite memory and non-memory scores). Voxel-wise contrasts were also performed.Results: Visual rating resulted in 59.6% classified as Typical, 17.9% as MTL-sparing, 9.9% LP, and 12.6% as tau negative. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was strong (Cohen's kappa values of 0.89 and 0.86 respectively). Tracer retention in a "hook"-like distribution on sagittal sequences was observed in the LP and Typical groups. The visually classified MTL-sparing group had lower APOE ɛ4 carriage and relatively preserved hippocampal volumes. Higher MTL tau was associated with greater amnestic cognitive impairment. High cortical tau was associated with greater impairments on non-memory domains of cognition, and individuals with high cortical tau were more likely to have dementia than MCI.Conclusion: Tau distribution patterns can be visually identified using 18F-MK6240 PET and are associated with differences in APOE ɛ4 carriage, hippocampal volumes, and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature point matching is a key component in visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM). Recently, the neural network has been employed in the feature point matching to improve matching performance. Among the state-of-the-art feature point matching methods, the SuperGlue is one of the top methods and ranked the first in the CVPR 2020 workshop on image matching. However, this method utilizes graph neural network (GNN), resulting in large computational complexity, which makes it unsuitable for resource-constrained devices, such as robots and mobile phones. In this work, we propose a lightweight feature point matching method based on the SuperGlue (named as AdaSG). Compared to the SuperGlue, the AdaSG adaptively adjusts its operating architecture according to the similarity of input image pair to reduce the computational complexity while achieving high matching performance. The proposed method has been evaluated through the commonly used datasets, including indoor and outdoor environments. Compared with several state-of-the-art feature point matching methods, the proposed method achieves significantly less runtime (up to 43× for indoor and up to 6× for outdoor) with similar or better matching performance. It is suitable for feature point matching in resource constrained devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion and fretting wear are the two main reasons for the performance degradation and failure of wire rope. They typically appear in an alternating manner and influence each other. In this study, to explore the friction and wear characteristics of spiral contact steel wires after time-varying corrosion of different corrosion types (alkali, acid and seawater), a self-made fretting wear test device was used to perform fretting wear tests on steel wires under different corrosion conditions under specific parameters. The fracture tensile test of the corroded and worn steel wire was carried out. The degradation behavior of its mechanical strength was discussed. The results show that the corrosion type and corrosion time have a great influence on the coefficient of friction (COF) and fretting state evolution between steel wires. In addition, corrosion reduces the wear resistance. With the change of corrosion medium (acidic to seawater to alkaline) and the increase of corrosion time, the maximum wear depth, wear volume and wear coefficient all showed an upward trend. In addition, the main wear mechanisms after corrosion in non-corrosive and alkaline media are abrasive and tribochemical reactions. After corrosion in acidic medium and seawater, the main wear mechanisms are abrasive wear, surface fatigue and tribochemical reactions. Furthermore, compared with the damage under the action of single factor, the degradation of mechanical properties increased from 1.5 % - 3.6 %–5.7 %, 10.3 % and 8.9 % respectively after alkali, acid and seawater corrosion compounded the wear damage. With the increase of corrosion degree, the fracture mechanism gradually changes from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. [Display omitted] • The corrosive medium and time have a significant effect on the fretting wear behavior. • The damage of the strand will change the contact form and force transfer mode between the steel wires. • The combined effect of corrosion and wear makes the mechanical properties of steel wire degrade significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Interfacial salt effect is closely related to ion diffusion rate in the near-interface boundary layer. • Diffusion rate of target ions is subject to the concentration of coexisting salt ions. • Low concentration of coexisting salt ions can improve the diffusion rate of target ions and its separation. • Oil film thickness ultimately affects the diffusion rate of target ions and separation. • A quantitative correlation of the diffusion rate with the concentration of coexisting salt ions was established. Specific ion effects are known to influence the interfacial behavior of ions in the aqueous phase and thus affect their extraction and separation. There are many studies on enhanced extraction and separation of the target ions based on the specific ion effects. A microscopic level understanding of the competitive mass transfer and selectivity of ions at the interface between heterogeneous phases is crucial importance for the precise control of numerous chemical reaction and separation processes. The conventional salt effect (i.e., background coexisting ions promoting the mass transfer of the target ions) are only observed at higher coexisting ion concentrations. However, the present work reveals an interesting phenomenon: the adsorption enrichment and competitive hydration of coexisting salt cations at the liquid–liquid interface can significantly influence the mass transfer rate of the target rare earth ions in the near-interface boundary layer. Notably, such a distinct interfacial salt effect can promote the separation between coexisting and target ions at lower coexisting ion concentrations, and it cannot be explained by the traditional theory for the salt effect. A thin-layer organic oil film extraction system was employed here as a simplified model experiment to investigate this new interfacial salt effect on the non-equilibrium extraction and separation of target rare earth ions. The results demonstrated that the diffusion rate of the target ions (Er3+) is subject to the local concentration gradient of coexisting salt cations (Mg2+) in the near-interface boundary layer. At the lower bulk concentrations, the Mg2+ ions enriched at the interface would compete for water molecules around the hydration shell of target Er3+ ions, resulting in the dehydration of Er3+ ions. Therefore, an enhanced diffusion rate of Er3+ ions and their adsorption affinity towards the interface were observed. However, at a higher bulk concentration of Mg2+ ions, the diffusion resistance of Er3+ ions increased due to the competitive adsorption and hydration of Mg2+ ions at the interface. The thickness of the organic oil film layer also plays an important role in the diffusion of Er3+ ions. In particular, a thinner oil layer makes it easier to perceive the interfacial salt effect, which enhances the separation between Er3+ and Mg2+ compared to the case of a thicker oil layer. A quantitative correlation between the diffusion rate of Er3+ ions and the concentration of coexisting Mg2+ ions was established to describe the interfacial salt effect. This work highlights the microscopic nature of the salt effect induced by the competitive adsorption kinetics of coexisting ions in the near-interface boundary layer on promoting the extraction and separation of target metal ions. The results will help the development of new approaches to control the separation selectivity and enhance the mass transfer of target metal ions in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Selective tibial neurotomy (STN) is a surgical procedure for treating spastic equinovarus foot. Hyperselective neurectomy (HSN) of tibial nerve is a modified STN procedure, which was rarely discussed. This study aimed to describe the branching patterns of the tibial nerve and propose an optimal surgical incision of HSN for treatment of spastic equinovarus foot.Sixteen lower limbs were dissected to determine the various branching patterns of the tibial nerve and categorized according to these branching patterns. The mean distances from the nerve entry points to the tip of femur’s medial epicondyle were measured, as well as their percentage to the overall length of the leg. The surgical incision was designed according to the range of these nerve entry points.The tibial nerve sent out proximal and distal motor branches based on their position relative to the soleus muscle’s tendinous arch. For proximal motor branches, the branches innervating the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus were categorized into types I (9/16), II (5/16) and III (2/16). Measurements from the medial epicondyle to the nerve entry points into the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus ranged from 14 to 33 mm (4–9% of leg length), 22–45 mm (6–12%) and 35–81 mm (10–22%), respectively. Distal motor branches including the distal soleus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus, were classified as types A (8/14), B (4/14) and C (2/14), with the distances from their respective terminal points to the medial epicondyle were 67–137 mm (19–39%), 74–125 mm (20–35%), 116–243 mm (33–69%) and 125–272 mm (35–77%).The motor branches of tibial nerve were classified into two groups and each subdivided into three types. Detailed location parameters may serve as an anatomical basis for designing incision of HSN.Methods: Selective tibial neurotomy (STN) is a surgical procedure for treating spastic equinovarus foot. Hyperselective neurectomy (HSN) of tibial nerve is a modified STN procedure, which was rarely discussed. This study aimed to describe the branching patterns of the tibial nerve and propose an optimal surgical incision of HSN for treatment of spastic equinovarus foot.Sixteen lower limbs were dissected to determine the various branching patterns of the tibial nerve and categorized according to these branching patterns. The mean distances from the nerve entry points to the tip of femur’s medial epicondyle were measured, as well as their percentage to the overall length of the leg. The surgical incision was designed according to the range of these nerve entry points.The tibial nerve sent out proximal and distal motor branches based on their position relative to the soleus muscle’s tendinous arch. For proximal motor branches, the branches innervating the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus were categorized into types I (9/16), II (5/16) and III (2/16). Measurements from the medial epicondyle to the nerve entry points into the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus ranged from 14 to 33 mm (4–9% of leg length), 22–45 mm (6–12%) and 35–81 mm (10–22%), respectively. Distal motor branches including the distal soleus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus, were classified as types A (8/14), B (4/14) and C (2/14), with the distances from their respective terminal points to the medial epicondyle were 67–137 mm (19–39%), 74–125 mm (20–35%), 116–243 mm (33–69%) and 125–272 mm (35–77%).The motor branches of tibial nerve were classified into two groups and each subdivided into three types. Detailed location parameters may serve as an anatomical basis for designing incision of HSN.Results: Selective tibial neurotomy (STN) is a surgical procedure for treating spastic equinovarus foot. Hyperselective neurectomy (HSN) of tibial nerve is a modified STN procedure, which was rarely discussed. This study aimed to describe the branching patterns of the tibial nerve and propose an optimal surgical incision of HSN for treatment of spastic equinovarus foot.Sixteen lower limbs were dissected to determine the various branching patterns of the tibial nerve and categorized according to these branching patterns. The mean distances from the nerve entry points to the tip of femur’s medial epicondyle were measured, as well as their percentage to the overall length of the leg. The surgical incision was designed according to the range of these nerve entry points.The tibial nerve sent out proximal and distal motor branches based on their position relative to the soleus muscle’s tendinous arch. For proximal motor branches, the branches innervating the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus were categorized into types I (9/16), II (5/16) and III (2/16). Measurements from the medial epicondyle to the nerve entry points into the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus ranged from 14 to 33 mm (4–9% of leg length), 22–45 mm (6–12%) and 35–81 mm (10–22%), respectively. Distal motor branches including the distal soleus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus, were classified as types A (8/14), B (4/14) and C (2/14), with the distances from their respective terminal points to the medial epicondyle were 67–137 mm (19–39%), 74–125 mm (20–35%), 116–243 mm (33–69%) and 125–272 mm (35–77%).The motor branches of tibial nerve were classified into two groups and each subdivided into three types. Detailed location parameters may serve as an anatomical basis for designing incision of HSN.Conclusions: Selective tibial neurotomy (STN) is a surgical procedure for treating spastic equinovarus foot. Hyperselective neurectomy (HSN) of tibial nerve is a modified STN procedure, which was rarely discussed. This study aimed to describe the branching patterns of the tibial nerve and propose an optimal surgical incision of HSN for treatment of spastic equinovarus foot.Sixteen lower limbs were dissected to determine the various branching patterns of the tibial nerve and categorized according to these branching patterns. The mean distances from the nerve entry points to the tip of femur’s medial epicondyle were measured, as well as their percentage to the overall length of the leg. The surgical incision was designed according to the range of these nerve entry points.The tibial nerve sent out proximal and distal motor branches based on their position relative to the soleus muscle’s tendinous arch. For proximal motor branches, the branches innervating the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus were categorized into types I (9/16), II (5/16) and III (2/16). Measurements from the medial epicondyle to the nerve entry points into the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius and proximal soleus ranged from 14 to 33 mm (4–9% of leg length), 22–45 mm (6–12%) and 35–81 mm (10–22%), respectively. Distal motor branches including the distal soleus, posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus, were classified as types A (8/14), B (4/14) and C (2/14), with the distances from their respective terminal points to the medial epicondyle were 67–137 mm (19–39%), 74–125 mm (20–35%), 116–243 mm (33–69%) and 125–272 mm (35–77%).The motor branches of tibial nerve were classified into two groups and each subdivided into three types. Detailed location parameters may serve as an anatomical basis for designing incision of HSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In maize, 24‐nt phased, secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are abundant in meiotic stage anthers, but their distribution and functions are not precisely known.Using laser capture microdissection, we analyzed tapetal cells, meiocytes and other somatic cells at several stages of anther development to establish the timing of 24‐PHAS precursor transcripts and the 24‐nt phasiRNA products.By integrating RNA and small RNA profiling plus single‐molecule and small RNA FISH (smFISH or sRNA‐FISH) spatial detection, we demonstrate that the tapetum is the primary site of 24‐PHAS precursor and Dcl5 transcripts and the resulting 24‐nt phasiRNAs. Interestingly, 24‐nt phasiRNAs accumulate in all cell types, with the highest levels in meiocytes, followed by tapetum.Our data support the conclusion that 24‐nt phasiRNAs are mobile from tapetum to meiocytes and to other somatic cells. We discuss possible roles for 24‐nt phasiRNAs in anther cell types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have already been reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with central nervous system injuries remain unclear.Methods: The high-throughput RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the transcriptomic changes in SK-N-SH cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes and related pathways.Results: A total of 820 mRNAs were significantly altered, including 671 upregulated and 149 downregulated mRNAs (showing an increase of ≥ 2-fold or decrease to ≤ 0.5-fold, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, we verified the significant induction of cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors, as well as the activation of NF-κB, p38, and Akt signaling pathways, in SK-N-SH by SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time the transcriptional profiles of the host mRNAs involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection of SK-N-SH cells have been reported. These findings provide novel insight into the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and might constitute a new approach for future prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced central nervous system infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of the novel, pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate in severe patients. However, there is very limited information on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).Methods: RNA-sequencing profiling was performed to analyze the transcriptomic changes in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioinformatic tools were used for differential analysis. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting analysis were used to explore biological phenotypes.Results: A total of 927 differentially expressed genes were identified, 610 of which were significantly upregulated while the remaining 317 were downregulated. We verified the significant induction of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in hBMECs by SARS-CoV-2, suggesting an activation of the vascular endothelium in brain. Moreover, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the BBB permeability, by downregulating as well as remodeling the intercellular tight junction proteins.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause BBB dysfunction, providing novel insights into the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis. Moreover, this finding shall constitute a new approach for future prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced CNS infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, electro-explosive spraying technology was used to prepare a multi-layer composite coating with a staggered spatial structure on a 45 steel substrate, and the mechanical properties and wear behavior of the coating were studied. The composite coating was prepared by spraying Mo as the bonding layer, then spraying high-carbon steel and aluminum bronze alternately as a functional coating. The cross-sectional morphology, surface morphology and the properties of the coating were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and a 3D profilometer. The bonding strength, friction and wear resistance of the coating were studied by the bonding strength experiment and by the friction and wear experiment. The results showed that it is feasible to prepare a composite coating with a sponge-like spatial structure with electro-explosive technology. There was metallurgical bonding as well as mechanical bonding between the adjacent coating layers. The composite coating had the advantages of uniform thickness, high compactness, high bonding strength and good wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most commonly used FVIII concentrate in China, the individualized pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical outcomes of Kovaltry (BAY81-8973) are not fully investigated in this population. Pediatric patients with severe hemophilia A were enrolled in Beijing Children's Hospital. After a three-day washout, they received PK tests after a single-dose infusion of 50 IU/kg. The blood samples were collected with a six-point assay. One-stage-based activated partial thromboplastin time was used for FVIII activity. The PK parameters were generated by WinNonlin software. The bleeding rates were calculated by their routine therapy record. The ultrasound was used to evaluate their both sides of knees, elbows and ankles. Sixty-one boys with severe hemophilia A were enrolled and their median age was 5.73 years. Twenty-nine of them were blood group-O. Compared with blood group-O patients, those non-O patients showed longer t 1/2 (15.26 vs. 13.03 h, P < 0.001) and reduced CL (3.04 vs. 3.66 mL/kg/h, P < 0.05). Patients with higher VWF:Ag level had longer half-life time (t 1/2) (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001) and lower clearance (CL) (r = −0.45, P < 0.001). Patients with higher trough level showed decreased bleeding rates compared with those owning a trough level below 1 IU/dL (P < 0.05). In general, the zero bleeding rates raised with elevation of trough level. However, 20–30% of patients with low trough level (<1 IU/dL) also showed no bleeds and 10–20% of patients with high trough level (>5 IU/dL) still suffer bleeds. An inconsistency of 28% between joint bleeds and ultrasound evaluation was showed. This study revealed the great inter-individual variability in PK parameters, clinical bleeding phenotype and joint vulnerability, which all should be considered in treating hemophilia A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Patients with aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS) will cause reversibility systolic anterior motion (SAM). This may occur because of afterload reduction caused by the relief of the AS and the prolonged anterior mitral valve. It is important to evaluate the mechanism of SAM by intraoperative real‐time transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). This case video describes the presentation and successful treatment of a 58‐year‐old man who experienced post‐AVR SAM with dynamic (left ventricle outflow tract) LVOT obstruction. This case highlights the fact that patients with AVR for severe AS may cause reversible SAM. This may occur because of afterload reduction caused by the relief of the AS combined with the prolonged anterior mitral valve. It is important to evaluate the mechanism of SAM by intraoperative real‐time TEE and then make the surgical decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of more than half of China's urbanization process, the transformation and renewal of old community has become a hot spot in China's urbanization process. Meanwhile, the traffic space of urban residential area plays a very important role in the daily life and social communication of residential residents. The current situation and traffic problems existing in old residential areas have always been the hot spot of industry and society, and the residential residents are also very concerned. Dashiyuan North District of Donghu District of Nanchang City is taken as the research object. Through field investigation, under the situation of analyzing its current traffic problems, it formulates countermeasures and carries out targeted transformation, to provide reference for renovation of old community in terms of traffic space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the ultrasonographic appearance of a thyroid nodule and the BRAF V600E mutation. Patients with thyroid nodules (n = 186), for which BRAF V600E testing and cytopathology analysis were performed, and who underwent subsequent surgery for nodule resection were enrolled in this study. For each patient, color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to observe the variables of the nodules. The nodules were then characterized using the thyroid imaging reporting and data system classification TI-RADS. Furthermore, the ultrasonographic appearance of the control group, encompassing patients with nodular thyroid goiters, and the case group, encompassing patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), was statically analyzed. Similarly, a statistical analysis of the ultrasonographic appearance of the BRAF V600E-positive and BRAF V600E-negative subgroups was also performed. The accuracy was significantly different for the corresponding values when color Doppler ultrasonography, BRAF V600E testing, or cytopathology alone was used for diagnosis. There were significant differences in the ultrasonographic appearance variables between the control and case groups. Comparing with the BRAF V600E-negative subgroup of the case group, the ultrasonographic appearances of the BRAF V600E-positive subgroup showed less circumscribed and more irregularly shaped nodules, with significantly different aspect ratios of >1. The combination of BRAF V600E testing and color Doppler ultrasonography or cytopathology improved the accuracy of the PTMC diagnose. We found that the ultrasonographic appearance of thyroid nodules was related to PTMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, incurable condition that involves a gradual loss of kidney function. While there are no non-invasive biomarkers available to determine whether individuals are susceptible to developing chronic kidney disease, small RNAs within urinary exosomes have recently emerged as a potential candidate to use for assessing renal function. Ultracentrifugation is the gold standard for urinary exosome isolation. However, extravesicular small RNA contamination can occur when isolating exosomes from biological fluids using ultracentrifugation, which may lead to misidentifying the presence of certain small RNA species in human urinary exosomes. Therefore, we characterized human urinary exosomal preparations isolated by ultracentrifugation alone, or via ultracentrifugation followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column-purification. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we identified SEC fractions containing robust amounts of exosome-sized particles, that we further characterized using immunoblotting. When compared to exosomal preparations isolated by ultracentrifugation only, SEC fractionated exosomal preparations showed higher levels of the exosome-positive marker CD81. Moreover, while the exosome-negative marker calnexin was undetectable in SEC fractionated exosomal preparations, we did observe calnexin detection in the exosomal preparations isolated by ultracentrifugation alone, which implies contamination in these preparations. Lastly, we imaged SEC fractionated exosomal preparations using transmission electron microscopy to confirm these preparations contained human urinary exosomes. Our results indicate that combining ultracentrifugation and SEC column-purification exosome isolation strategies is a powerful approach for collecting contaminant-free human urinary exosomes and should be considered when exosomes devoid of contamination are needed for downstream applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. A majority of relapse cases have been reported in colorectal cancer patients due to cancer stem cell progenitors. The factors responsible for chemoresistance have yet to be discovered and investigated as CSCs have reported escaping from chemotherapy's killing action. Objective. In this study, we have investigated the effects of HIF-1α and TGF-β2 in hypoxia conditions on the expression of GLI2, which is a potential factor for causing chemoresistance. Material and Methods. Colorectal samples of treated patients were collected from the Hospital Biological Sample Library. Culture of patient-derived TSs and fibroblasts was performed. The collected patient samples and cells were used for immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and western blotting studies which were performed. Results. It was reported that HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor) and TGF-β2 secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) synergistically work to express GLI2 in cancer stem cells. Hence, it increased the stemness as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Conclusion. The HIF-1α/TGF-β2-mediated GLI2 signaling was responsible for causing chemoresistance in the hypoxia environment. High expressions of HIF1α/TGF-β2/GLI2 cause the relapsing of colorectal cancer, thus making this a potential biomarker for identifying the relapse and resistance in patients. The study uncovers the mechanism involved in sternness and chemotherapy resistance which will help in targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Torsional deformation can affect the fretting fatigue behavior between wires. • The torsion of pearlite sheet is the key factor affecting fretting fatigue. • Fretting fatigue damage can change the contact form of rope strand steel wire. Fretting wear and torsional deformation of steel wire can reduce the performance of wire rope and threaten the safety of mine hoisting system. In this study, to explore the influence of different torsional deformation on the fretting fatigue wear behavior under multi-wire spiral contact, an experimental study was conducted on a self-made test apparatus. The results show that the increase of torsional deformation can reduce the breaking force of steel wire by about 2.6%, and reduce the bending fatigue performance by about 36.4%. In addition, the maximum wear depth, wear amount and coefficient of wear increase with the increase of torsional deformation. The torsion and deformation of the pearlite lamellae parallel to the tensile stress direction are the main reasons for the decrease of the wear resistance of the main steel wires. More torsional deformation makes the steel wire produce less furrow morphology in fretting fatigue wear. The main wear mechanism of steel wire with small torsional deformation is abrasive and tribochemical reactions, and the main wear mechanism of steel wire with large torsional deformation is surface fatigue and tribochemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]