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Background: Leukemia, a group of malignant tumors, has been a significant public health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the global leukemia burden from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, focusing on trends in incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) across different regions, genders, and age groups including forecasting future trends. Methods: Data were sourced from the GBD study, utilizing the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. We employed descriptive, trend, cluster, and forecasting analyses using age-standardized rates (ASRs) and the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) to quantify changes over time. Hierarchical clustering and forecasting models, including ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing (ES), were utilized to predict future trends. Notably, ARIMA and ES smoothing parameters were meticulously identified and estimated. Results: The analysis of global leukemia burden from 1990 to 2021, as reflected by DALYs, indicates a downward trend, with the number of DALYs estimated to have decreased from 578,020 (401,241–797,570) in 1990 to 302,902 (206,475–421,952) in 2021, corresponding to an EAPC of -0.94 (-1.01—-0.88). Notably, it is important to highlight that there is variability in these estimates across different regions and demographic groups, which should be interpreted with caution due to potential data limitations. High-income regions generally showed a decreased leukemia burden, while some middle- and low-income countries exhibited an opposite trend. Males displayed higher leukemia incidence, mortality, and DALY rates compared to females. The oldest age groups, mainly those aged 95 and above, experienced the most significant changes, with the highest EAPC observed in this demographic. Geographical and Socio-demographic Index (SDI)–based analyses further highlighted the heterogeneity in leukemia burden. Additionally, forecasting models project a continued decrease in leukemia burden, emphasizing the importance of ongoing public health strategies. Conclusion: The study indicates overall progress in reducing the leukemia burden at a global level due to medical advancements. However, specific regions and demographic groups, particularly males and the elderly, continue to face challenges. Socioeconomic status significantly impacts healthcare outcomes, with a need for resource distribution and healthcare system strengthening in low-income areas. The findings call for nuanced public health strategies tailored to socioeconomic contexts and sustained research and healthcare infrastructure efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of advanced in vitro models for assessing liver toxicity and drug responses is crucial for personalized medicine and preclinical drug development. 3D bioprinting technology provides opportunities to create human liver models that are suitable for conducting high-throughput screening for liver toxicity. In this study, we fabricated a humanized liver model using human-induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) derived from human fibroblasts via a rapid and efficient reprogramming process. These hiHeps were then employed in 3D bioprinted liver models with bioink materials that closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix. The constructed humanized 3D bioprinted livers (h3DPLs) exhibited mature hepatocyte functions, including albumin expression, glycogen storage, and uptake/release of indocyanine green and acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Notably, h3DPLs demonstrated increased sensitivity to hepatotoxic agents such as acetaminophen (APAP), making them a promising platform for studying drug-induced liver injury. Furthermore, our model accurately reflected the impact of rifampin, a cytochrome P450 inducer, on CYP2E1 levels and APAP hepatotoxicity. These results highlight the potential of hiHep-based h3DPLs as a cost-effective and high-performance alternative for personalized liver toxicity screening and preclinical drug testing, paving the way for improved drug development strategies and personalized therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthalene diimides (NDI) are widely serving as the skeleton to construct electron transport materials (ETMs) for optoelectronic devices. However, most of the reported NDI‐based ETMs suffer from poor interfaces with the perovskite which deteriorates the carrier extraction and device stability. Here, a representative design concept for editing the peripheral groups of NDI molecules to achieve multifunctional properties is introduced. The resulting molecule 2,7‐bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline‐1,3,6,8(2H,7H)‐tetraone (NDI‐C4F) incorporated with hydrophobic fluorine units contributes to the prevention of excessive molecular aggregation, the improvement of surface wettability and the formation of strong chemical coordination with perovskite precursors. All these features favor retarding the perovskite crystallization and achieving superior buried interfaces, which subsequently promote charge collection and improve the structural compatibility between perovskite and ETMs. The corresponding PSCs based on low‐temperature processed NDI‐C4F yield a record efficiency of 23.21%, which is the highest reported value for organic ETMs in n‐i‐p PSCs. More encouragingly, the unencapsulated devices with NDI‐C4F demonstrate extraordinary stability by retaining over 90% of their initial PCEs after 2600 h in air. This work provides an alternative molecular strategy to engineer the buried interfaces and can trigger further development of organic ETMs toward reliable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]