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The secretion of IL-8 has been found increasing for different reasons in human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), resulting in poor prognosis in patients with hematologic neoplasms. Hypoxia, a typical feature of numerous hematologic neoplasms microenvironment, often produces hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which stabilizes and promotes tumor progression. Besides, hypoxic conditions also induce IL-8 production in BMSCs. However, very little is known about the mechanism of increased IL-8 expression in BMSCs caused by hypoxia. In the present study, HIF-1α and IL-8 were found highly expressed in BMSC lines under hypoxic conditions. In addition, the expression and secretion of IL-8 were significantly inhibited by the knockdown of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, HIF-1α was found to transcriptionally regulate IL-8 by binding to the region of IL-8 promoter at − 147 to − 140. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL-8's increase is partly due to the hypoxic microenvironment in hematologic neoplasms, and activation of HIF-1α in BMSCs contributes to the induction and transcriptional regulation of IL-8 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-feminism and misogyny online have intensified globally over the last decade, bringing substantive challenges to feminist identification and activism. This article explores the strategies for silencing and expelling feminists via the deployment of an anti-feminist discourse online, in response to feminism's increasing visibility in China. Data was collected via observation of 23 influential feminist accounts on Weibo. This was bolstered by data from 10 semi-structured interviews with feminist Weibo account contributors. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA), four strategies used to demonise feminists and depoliticise feminism online in China are identified: feminists as deviant women, as betraying the nation, as connected to Islamists, and as "fake-feminists." The article highlights a kind of intertwined anti-feminism that draws power from distinct features—nationalism and Islamophobia. It argues that by interlocking Chinese historical and structural conditions as well as cultural context, anti-feminism diverts public attention away from systematic gender inequality, and onto antagonisms between feminists and anti-feminists, which further restricts the discussion of intersectional oppressions that affect women's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mPGES-1 is an enzyme, which, when activated by inflammatory factors, can cause prostaglandin E synthesis. Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are capable of inhibiting prostaglandin production, yet they can also cause gastrointestinal reactions and coagulation disorders. mPGES-1, the enzyme at the conclusion of prostaglandin production, does not cause any adverse reactions when inhibited. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mPGES-1 is more abundant in cancerous cells than in healthy cells, indicating that decreasing the expression of mPGES-1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Consequently, the invention of mPGES-1 inhibitors presents a fresh avenue for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. Incorporating a database of TCM compounds, we collected a batch of compounds that had an inhibitory effect on mPGES-1 and possessed IC50 value. Firstly, a pharmacophore model was constructed, and the TCM database was screened, and the compounds with score cut-off values of more than 1 were retained. Then, the compounds retained after being screened via the pharmacodynamic model were screened for docking at the mPGES-1 binding site, followed by high-throughput virtual screening [HTVS] and standard precision [SP] and super-precision [XP] docking, and the compounds in the top 20% of the XP docking score were selected to calculate the total free binding energy of MM-GBSA. The best ten compounds were chosen by comparing their score against the reference ligand 4U9 and the MM-GBSA_dG_Bind score. ADMET analysis resulted in the selection of ten compounds, three of which had desirable medicinal properties. Finally, the binding energy of the target protein mPGES-1 and the candidate ligand compound was analyzed using a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the reference ligand 4U9 and three selected compounds. After a gradual screening study and analysis, we identified a structure that is superior to the reference ligand 4U9 in all aspects, namely compound 15643. Taken together, the results of this study reveal a structure that can be used to inhibit mPGES-1 compound 15643, thereby providing a new option for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage has been an important topic in feminist debates, yet recently opposing marriage has become a self-proclaimed feminist trend on Chinese social media. This article explores a prominent strategy of anti-marriage which degrades married women as 'married donkeys' as a way of doing feminism online. Netnography of online feminist discourse, including observation of 23 influential feminist accounts on Weibo and 10 semi-structured interviews with feminist Weibo account contributors, was conducted to collect data. By applying critical discourse analysis (CDA), this article identifies the way that the problematic rhetoric of 'married donkey' operated, the risks it brings to feminist discussions and how it has quickly gained currency online. Although this rhetoric to some extent reflects women's anger at enduring inequalities in marriage, this article highlights that, within the circulation of anger, an idealized neoliberal feminist subjectivity is fostered to exclude married women, whilst also generating a dominant feminist discourse. This article argues that the 'married donkey' rhetoric limits the discussion of marriage issues, glosses over the plight of unmarried women, and overlooks any structural reasons for individual choices to marry or not. The article thereby enriches the existing debates around marriage, online affect and neoliberal feminism by offering a Chinese perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C-SAR/01, the successor of China's Gaofen-3 Satellite, which launched on 23 November 2021, is the first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite to be launched in China's civil space infrastructure plan and has served as an invaluable data resource. Radiometric calibration and validation are prerequisites for the quantitative application of SAR data. In this study, the radiometric calibration experiments of C-SAR/01 data of the ultra-fine strip (UFS) and fine strip I (FSI) modes were conducted applying flexible automatic triangular trihedral corner reflectors deployed in Xilinhot SAR satellite calibration and validation site. Accordingly, the image quality and radiometric calibration accuracy were evaluated. The results show that the spatial resolution, peak sidelobe ratio, and integrated sidelobe ratio of UFS and FSI mode data of C-SAR/01 are better than those of the design indexes, and the calibration results from the integral method are more stable than those from the peak method. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the calibration constant for UFS mode data is 0.234 dB, with the relative and absolute calibration accuracies obtained as 0.233 and 0.532 dB, respectively, whereas the standard deviation calibration constant for FSI mode data is 0.198 dB, with its relative and absolute calibration accuracies evaluated as 0.199 and 0.333 dB, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogels based on nanocomposites (NC) structure have acquired a great deal of interest, but they are still limited by relatively low mechanical strength, inevitably losing elasticity when applied below subzero temperatures, due to the formation of ice crystallization. In this study, an anti-freezing and mechanically strong Laponite NC organohydrogel was prepared by a direct solvent replacement strategy of immersing Laponite NC pre-hydrogel into ethylene glycol (EG)/water mixture solution. In the organohydrogel, a part of water molecules was replaced by EG, which inhibited the formation of ice crystallization even at extremely low temperatures. In addition, the formation of hydrogen bonds between Laponite and the monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) endowed the organohydrogels with high mechanical strength and toughness. The NC organohydrogel can maintain its mechanical flexibility even at −25 °C. The compressive stress, tensile stress, and elongation at the break of N5H5L reached 3871.71 kPa, 137.05 kPa, and 173.39%, respectively, which may be potentially applied as ocean probes in low temperature environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Aiming to discover potential treatments for GBM, this review connects emerging research on the roles of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments and sheds light on the prospects of their application in the neuropharmacology of GBM. Conventional therapy is blamed for its poor effect, especially in inhibiting tumor recurrence and invasion. Facing this dilemma, we focus on neurotransmitters that modulate GBM initiation, progression and invasion, hoping to provide novel therapy targeting GBM. By analyzing research concerning GBM therapy systematically and scientifically, we discover increasing insights into the regulatory effects of neurotransmitters, some of which have already shown great potential in research in vivo or in vitro. After that, we further summarize the potential drugs in correlation with previously published research. In summary, it is worth expecting that targeting neurotransmitters could be a promising novel pharmacological approach for GBM treatment. For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide an overview of the most novel advances concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments, and discuss potential targeted drugs used for GBM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the practical implementation of Cr(Ⅵ) removal, effective and recyclable water treatment technology is essential. Polarized electric fields inside piezoelectric materials have proved to be a promising technique for facilitating photogenerated charge separation. In this work, Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst HKUST-1/BiVO 4 and organic piezoelectric material PVDF were combined through electrospinning to create a novel flexible fiber PVDF-HKUST-1/BiVO 4 (PVDF-HV) piezo-photocatalyst membrane. When the amount of HKUST-1/BiVO 4 powder was 2.4% and the diameter of the obtained fiber film was 10 cm, the optimal reduction efficiency can be achieved by the piezoelectric photocatalytic reduction in solution with initial pH=2, and the piezo-photocatalytic efficiency of PVDF-HV reached up to 85.33% within 120 min, which was about 1.35 times and 2.19 times greater than that of single photocatalysis and piezoelectric catalysis, respectively. It successfully promoted photo charge separation based on the piezoelectric field in PVDF and the heterojunction produced between HKUST-1 and BiVO 4. This research developed an efficient strategy for multi-path collection and exploitation of natural solar energy and vibration energy to boost photoactivity. [Display omitted] • Z-scheme HKUST-1/BiVO 4 and piezoelectric PVDF were combined through electrospinning. • Superior piezo-photocatalytic activity has been obtained by PVDF-HKUST-1/BiVO 4. • Synergistic effects of heterojunction and piezoelectricity was addressed. • The catalytic mechanism under ultrasound and visible light was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate and compare the chemical features and antioxidant activities of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs), three different AAPs (AAP‐M, AAP‐D, and AAP‐C) were prepared by mannanase, β‐dextranase, and cellulase. Their chemical features were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties were performed both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the surface morphology of the A. auricula cell wall treated with three enzymes was slightly different under scanning electron microscopy. The extraction yields of AAP‐M, AAP‐D, and AAP‐C were 18.33% ± 1.93%, 26.42% ± 0.87%, and 17.17% ± 0.08% under optimal conditions, respectively. The monosaccharide composition, molecular weight (AAP‐M, AAP‐D, and AAP‐C were 1.03E+03 kDa, 1.76E+03 kDa, and 1.15E+03 kDa, respectively), and antioxidant activities of the three AAPs were different. AAP‐C composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose, exhibiting the remarkable ability of scavenging ABTS+, DPPH, and H2O2 (IC50 was 0.065, 0.081, and 0.293 mg/ml, respectively). Moreover, AAP‐C could significantly prolonged the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress (p <.05). The results showed that cellulase could be served as an efficient enzyme to prepare AAPs with higher antioxidant capacity. Practical applications: According to the statistics of China Edible Fungi Association in 2019, the output of Auricularia auricula was accounting for 17.54% of the total output of edible fungi. AAPs account for more than 60% of the fruiting bodies and have various biological activities. Cell wall breaking is an important process of extracting AAPs which has always been the bottleneck restricting the production of AAPs. The traditional chemical acid‐base method will pollute the environment, and the yield of hot water extraction is low. In contrast, the bioenzyme method widely used because of its mild conditions and environmental friendly. In this paper, three common bioenzymes which have been widely used in food industry were used to extract AAPs, and Box–Behnken design to improve the yield of AAPs. The results show that AAP‐C had high yield and strong antioxidant activity. This study could provide a reference for the industrial production of AAPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Successful synthesis of COF@MOF material for Tp-COF@Cu-BDC electrode. • The detection performance of the pristine MOF material was improved. • The fabricated electrode showed good voltammetric response for the detection of 2-AP. • Low LOD and wide detection range for detecting 2-AP were realized. • The reliability, accuracy, and practicality of the sensor were verified. 2-Aminophenol (2-AP) is an organic compound with antibacterial and antioxidant properties in cosmetics, detergents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. In particular, human health and the environment can be significantly threatened when the concentration of phenolic substances in water reaches 0.1005 mg/L. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a prompt and accurate analyzing method of 2-AP. To this end, Cu-MOF material was employed as a substrate, and its conductivity and catalytic properties were then enhanced by incorporating Tp-BD-DBd COF within the pores. This COF@MOF composite incorporation, named Tp-COF@Cu-BDC, introduced not only extensive π-conjugated systems but also the mutual electron-donating amino and carboxylate electron-withdrawing groups that may help improve the adsorption capability of 2-AP. Consequently, an increase in conductivity of the Tp-COF@Cu-BDC composite was achieved compared with the MOF monomer. At the same time, the fabricated sensor exhibited a broad detection range (2–250 μM), a low detection limit (0.597 μM), remarkable anti-interference capabilities, and a high recovery rate for 2-AP. Furthermore, the recovery experiment results have proved the actual samples' detection capability based on our electrochemical sensor. Thus, it can be inferred that the COF@MOF composite-based electrochemical sensor is a highly effective platform for detecting 2-AP in environmental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why invasive species can rapidly adapt to novel environments is a puzzling question known as the genetic paradox of invasive species. This paradox is explainable in terms of transposable elements (TEs) activity, which are theorized to be powerful mutational forces to create genetic variation. Mikania micrantha, a noxious invasive weed, in this sense provides an excellent opportunity to test the explanation. The genetic and epigenetic variation of 21 invasive populations of M. micrantha in southern China have been examined by using transposon display (TD) and transposon methylation display (TMD) techniques to survey 12 TE superfamilies. Our results showed that M. micrantha populations maintained an almost equally high level of TE‐based genetic and epigenetic variation and they have been differentiated into subpopulations genetically and epigenetically. A similar positive spatial genetic and epigenetic structure pattern was observed within 300 m. Six and seven TE superfamilies presented significant genetic and epigenetic isolation by distance (IBD) pattern. In total, 59 genetic and 86 epigenetic adaptive TE loci were identified. Of them, 51 genetic and 44 epigenetic loci were found to correlate with 25 environmental variables (including precipitation, temperature, vegetation coverage, and soil metals). Twenty‐five transposon‐inserted genes were sequenced and homology‐based annotated, which are found to be involved in a variety of molecular and cellular functions. Our research consolidates the importance of TE‐associated genetic and epigenetic variation in the rapid adaptation and invasion of M. micrantha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, using external mechanical energy to solve environmental pollution problems has gradually become a promising strategy, such as piezoelectric catalysis and piezoelectric photocatalysis. In this paper, a series of HKUST-1/g-C 3 N 4 composite materials were successfully synthesized by the combination of g-C 3 N 4 with S-vacancy and porous HKUST-1 semiconductor. Under visible light irradiation and ultrasonic action, the catalytic activity of HKUST-1/g-C 3 N 4 on RhB degradation was investigated. When the mass ratio of HKUST-1 to g-C 3 N 4 is 1:0.3 during the process of piezoelectric photocatalysis, the as-prepared HKUST-1/g-C 3 N 4 composite had the best RhB degradation performance up to 94.42%, which is about 2.83 times that of visible light and 3.56 times that of ultrasonic waves. According to the result of the trapping experiment, the process of piezo-photocatalytic reaction could produce the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the hydroxyl radical (•OH) was crucial in the breakdown of pollutants. [Display omitted] • HKUST-1/g-C 3 N 4 with the piezo-photocatalytic property was synthesized. • The catalytic mechanism under ultrasound and UV–visible light was revealed. • Superior piezo-photocatalytic activity has been obtained by HKUST-1/g-C 3 N 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The MGL was prepared by the one-pot solvothermal method. • The MGL adsorbed Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ effectively with easily magnetic separation. • The adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ were discussed. Abstract The magnetic graphene oxide and MgAl-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite (MGL) was synthesized via a simple one-pot solvothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and N 2 adsorption-desorption. The results proved that the MGL nanocomposite had typical features of graphene oxide and MgAl-layered double hydroxide. Moreover, the MGL had magnetism which related to the fabrication of Fe 3 O 4 during the solvothermal reaction, and could be easily separated from mixture with easy magnetic separation assistance. Subsequently, the MGL was used to evaluate the adsorption efficiency for lead, copper and cadmium in aqueous solutions by batch equilibrium experiments. The MGL showed excellent adsorption ability for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model well fit the adsorption kinetic data and isotherm data, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ by MGL were detailed conducted by XRD and XPS analysis, and could be ascribed to the surface complexation, precipitation and isomorphic replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise of the Study: New microsatellite markers were developed for the vulnerable conifer species Amentotaxus argotaenia (Taxaceae) to investigate population genetic variation and the effects of environmental heterogeneity on genetic structure. Methods and Results: A total of 27 microsatellite loci were developed from A. argotaenia through a Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol, of which 23 were polymorphic. These markers yielded 1–13 alleles and 1.0–7.9 effective alleles per locus; levels of observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.000–1.000 and 0.000–0.873, respectively. In total, 18 of the markers were transferable to the related species A. yunnanensis. Conclusions: These polymorphic markers are a valuable genetic resource for investigating population genetic variation and the potential for local adaptation in A. argotaenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-stage (S-N treatment) and two-stage anaerobic digestion with (T-R treatment) and without digestate recirculation (T-N treatment) for methane production using food waste (FW) were comparatively evaluated to examine the effects of digestate recirculation on anaerobic digestion (AD). Digestate recirculation positively affected the methane yield and organic loading rate (OLR). Metabolite correlation analysis revealed that a systematic hydrolysis degree of greater than 75% is crucial to achieve the complete recoverable yield of methane from FW. Digestate recirculation also markedly increased the system alkalinity, maintaining an optimum pH for methanogens. However, the ammonium accumulated by T-R treatment would destroy the metabolic balance between the hydrolytic bacteria and methanogens, especially at a critical OLR. Therefore, the appropriate control of two-stage AD systems with digestate recirculation is limited not only to OLR regulation but also to the prevention of ammonium accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing awareness of health and sustainable dietary pattern, plant-based proteins have shown a growing interest as substitutes for animal proteins. Meanwhile, the non-covalent interaction of protein with natural phenolic compounds can be used to develop functional ingredients. In this work, Alcalase hydrolysates of soy protein isolate (HSPI) were used to fabricate complexes with tannic acid (TA), and their physicochemical properties were investigated and compared with soy protein isolate (SPI) and sodium caseinate (SC) to get insights into the advantage of polyphenol modification. The complex solution showed reduced particle size, higher turbidity, and higher surface charge with increasing TA concentration. The interaction mainly occurred through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, leading to the unfolding of protein molecular structure. The complexes displayed lower interfacial adsorption activity and reduced interfacial viscoelastic modulus upon increasing TA concentration possibly because of the interference of TA on the diffusion and molecule interaction of protein hydrolysates to form elastic films. Nonetheless, the complex-based emulsion showed enhanced emulsifying stability with small droplet size, superior oxidation stability, high physical stability against heat and freeze-thaw treatment due to the higher surface charge and formation of particle-stabilized interfacial membrane. These findings provide insights for developing plant-based protein with excellent emulsifying properties, which show great potential for application as SC substitute in dairy-free emulsified products. [Display omitted] • The complex of HSPI with TA showed smaller size upon increasing TA concentration. • HSPI/TA complexes were formed mainly through hydrogen bound and hydrophobic interaction. • The emulsifying properties of HSPI-TA is comparable to those of sodium caseinate. • The complexes showed reduced interfacial elasticity and lower interfacial activity. • The unfolded structure and high surface charge account for high emulsion stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Milled black rice particles with particle size of 773 nm were obtained after milling. • Bound phenolics were well retained in the milled black rice particles. • Milled black rice particles possessed good emulsifying ability. • The resulting Pickering emulsions exhibited enhanced antioxidation activity. This work attempted to obtain miscellaneous black rice particles through directly modifying black rice using media mill, and develop milled black rice particles stabilized Pickering emulsions with intrinsic antioxidation functionalities. Particle size of milled black rice particles was reduced sharply from over twenty micrometers to 773 nm after only 90 min of milling. Slight degradation of some sensitive bioactive compounds (such as cyanidin-3-glucoside) occurred during milling process. While the bound phenolics (e.g. protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid) were well retained. Milled black rice particles exhibited good free radical scavenging activity. These milled black rice particles exhibited ability to form Pickering emulsions with good storage and heating stability. Besides, these Pickering emulsions possessed enhanced lipid antioxidation. This study offers a facile strategy to develop food-grade Pickering emulsions with intrinsic antioxidant properties by directly modify black rice as complex particulate emulsifiers through media milling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silica-based ceramic core is an essential part of the investment casting of hollow turbine blades due to their excellent thermal stability and easy demoulding. In this study, the green bodies of silica-based ceramic cores with nano-ZrO 2 were fabricated by stereolithography (SLA). Firstly, the effects of the burying process and debinding heating rates on the performance and microstructure of silica-based cores were investigated. The results revealed that the burying powders provide support and a stable thermal field for the SLA ceramic cores during debinding and sintering. Ceramic cores with smaller shrinkage and higher apparent porosity were produced during the burying process at a heating rate of 0.5 °C/min. In addition, the influence of nano-ZrO 2 content on the mechanical properties of silica-based ceramics was investigated. Nano-ZrO 2 particles can improve bulk density and mechanical properties by promoting sintering. Additionally, it can reduce the cracks on the surface of ceramic samples. The optimal content of nano-ZrO 2 should be between 1.5 and 2 wt%, producing silica-based cores with low shrinkage rate (2.91–3.19%), high apparent porosity (27.11–27.97%) and high flexural strength at room temperature (24.51–24.65 MPa) and high temperature (27.81–29.69 MPa). This work provides promising ways to fabricate high-quality ceramic cores for turbine blade application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a severe but frequent complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and HT. Methods: We retrospectively included 542 AIS patients with HT and 1,091 age- and gender-matched patients without HT. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records, and blood samples were obtained within 24 h after admission. The characteristics of the groups were compared. With the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we assessed the discriminating capacity of LDH levels in predicting HT in patients with AIS. The logistic regression model was used to determine the connection between LDH and HT. Results: The HT group had considerably higher LDH levels than the non-HT group (263.0 [216.0–323.3] U/L versus 178.0 [162.0–195.0] U/L, p < 0.001). We also observed that the levels of LDH in the parenchymal hemorrhage subgroup were significantly higher than those in the hemorrhagic infarction subgroup (281.0 [230.0–340.0] U/L versus 258.0 [209.0–311.0] U/L, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of LDH was 0.890 (95% confidence level [CI] 0.874–0.905, p < 0.001). Besides, logistic regression revealed that high LDH levels (LDH >215 U/L) showed a higher risk of HT (odds ratio = 10.958, 95% CI 7.964–15.078, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High LDH levels were linked with an increased risk of HT in AIS patients. Practical measures should be considered in patients with increased LDH levels (LDH >215 U/L). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the shifting process of the six-speed dry dual clutch transmission (DCT), the clutch actuator motors will frequently start, stop and stall, which can increase the probability that the clutch actuator motor will fail during the shifting process as the working hours increase. If no corresponding fault-tolerant control is adopted, it will lead to shifting failure, awful riding comfort, and even affect driving safety. In order to solve this problem, the corresponding fault-tolerant control strategies are developed when one of the clutch actuator motors malfunctions in the power-on downshift process. In these strategies, the disengagement rule of the fault clutch and the engagement rule of the no-fault clutch are designed according to corresponding control theories, and a coordinated control strategy between engine and clutches is developed to reduce the jerk of the vehicle, which can ensure that the jerk is within 10 m/s3 in the entire downshift process. After that, the vehicle can still run safely by using the no-fault clutch and half of the gears of DCT. Finally, the hardware-in-loop test is carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed strategies, and the results show that the performance of the fault-tolerant control is satisfactory. • The dynamics model of power-on downshift process of six-speed dry DCT is built. • A Fault-tolerant control is designed when the clutch actuator motor malfunctions. • A time-optimal coordinated control method between engine and clutch is developed. • The proposed fault-tolerant control strategy is validated in the test bench. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most food-grade Pickering particles nowadays are prepared using purified single-compound substances as starting materials. Fabrication of sustainable and multifunctional particles directly from raw biomass materials could avoid complexed isolation procedure, avoid use of harmful chemicals and maintain the bioactives in raw materials. Purple sweet potatoes, rich in bioactives, were used to produce purple sweet potato particles (PSPPs) via wet media milling, which effectively decreased the particle size of PSPPs from 3371 ± 109 nm to 312 ± 18 nm after 240 min of milling. And significant amounts of bioactives and their antioxidative activity were retained. Pickering emulsions (PSPP-Es) were successfully formed using PSPPs as Pickering stabilizers. These PSPP-Es exhibited good freeze-thaw and heating stability. Low pH (3–6) and strong ionic strength (150 mM–600 mM) conditions contributed to smaller droplet size (10–12 μm) and better storage stability of PSPP-Es. Besides, PSPP-Es possessed better lipid oxidative stability than Tween 80 (a low molecular weight surfactant) stabilized emulsion due to presence of intrinsic antioxidants. This work would facilitate the development of Pickering stabilizers with outstanding emulsifying ability, high food safety, and functional properties directly from whole grain materials, and widen the application of whole grain particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. [Display omitted] • Submicron purple sweet potato particles (PSPPs) rich in phenolic compounds were obtained by wet media mill. • Particle size of PSPPs decreased from 3371 ± 109.98 nm to 312 ± 18.4 nm after 240 min of milling. • PSPPs stabilized Pickering emulsions (PSPPs -Es) were successfully formed by PSPPs. • PSPPs -Es had excellent stability under high salt and low pH condition. • PSPP-Es presented better oxidative stability than Tween 80-stabilized emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation is the basis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image quantification applications. Based on the point target of the field site, the radiation characteristics of the backscattering coefficient image can be used to optimize the SAR imaging, and the product production system can be more closely targeted, to ensure the image product accuracy in the actual quantification application. In this study, the validation of the backscattering coefficient image was examined using calibrators, and the radiometric properties of the image were evaluated by extracting the radar cross-section of each point target. Bilinear interpolation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) interpolation methods were introduced for the local area interpolation of point targets, and the two methods were compared from the perspective of response function imaging and validation accuracy. The results show that the FFT interpolation method is more favorable for validating the backscattering coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) or adiponectin (ADIPOQ) influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or not remain inconclusive. Therefore, the authors conducted a meta-analysis to robustly assess relationships between polymorphisms in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 or ADIPOQ and the risk of GDM by merging the results of eligible publications. Methods: A through literature searching in Medline, Embase, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI was conducted by the authors to identify eligible publications, and twenty-two publications were finally found to be eligible for merged quantitative analyses. Results: The merged quantitative analyses revealed that ADIPOQ + 45T/G (rs2241766) polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of GDM in overall population (dominant comparison: OR = 0.70, p < 0.001; recessive comparison: OR = 1.95, p < 0.001; over-dominant comparison: OR = 1.18, p = 0.03; allele comparison: OR = 0.71, p < 0.001) and Asians (dominant comparison: OR = 0.70, p < 0.001; recessive comparison: OR = 1.94, p < 0.001; allele comparison: OR = 0.72, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, we did not observe any positive results for TNF-α − 238G/A (rs361525), TNF-α − 308G/A (rs1800629), IL6 − 174G/C (rs1800795), IL-10 − 819C/T (rs1800871), IL-10 − 592C/A (rs1800872), IL-10 − 1082A/G (rs1800896) and ADIPOQ + 276G/T (rs1501299) polymorphisms. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis shows that among investigated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 or ADIPOQ polymorphisms, only ADIPOQ + 45T/G (rs2241766) polymorphism may affect the risk of GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic plants play an important role in aquatic systems. A comprehensive understanding of their spatial distribution may help to develop biodiversity conservation plans. This work investigated the spatial distribution of aquatic plants across China, including the invasive, threatened, and province-endemic species. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on richness pattern and variation partitioning was used to reveal the pure and shared effects of four explanatory variable groups: energy-water availability, geographical location, habitat heterogeneity, and human impact on species richness. Results showed that aquatic plants were unevenly distributed in China and they decreased from southern China toward northern China. Yunnan Province was the hotspot of aquatic plants. The number of invasive species was more in southeast China and less in northwest China. The endemism of aquatic plants in each province was not obvious. Aquatic plant richness across China tended to be higher in areas where the energy and water supply are adequate and actual evapotranspiration was the strongest correlate for total species richness (r = 0.630). Among the three growth forms, the correlation between submerged species richness and environmental factors was weak, while that of floating plants was strong. According to variation partitioning, the shared effect of energy-water availability and geographical location was dominant in aquatic plant richness pattern across China (R2 = 0.47 for total species richness). Pure spatial factors had a weak effect in shaping the richness pattern, suggesting that dispersal limitations have no significant effect on the distribution pattern of aquatic plants for their relatively strong dispersal capacity. Moreover, the effects of habitat heterogeneity and human impact on total aquatic plant richness pattern were also weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) was a common complication after stroke. This study aimed to explore the neuroimaging mechanism of PSF, which was rarely studied. Patients with the first episode of ischemic stroke were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between March 2021 and December 2022. The fatigue severity scale (FSS) was used to assess fatigue symptoms. PSF was diagnosed by a neurologist based on the FSS score and PSF diagnostic criteria. All the patients were scanned by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Precuneus, the posterior node of default-mode network (pDMN), was related to fatigue. Therefore, imaging data were further analyzed by the seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) approach, with the left (PCUN.L) and right precuneus (PCUN.R) being the seeds. A total of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke were finally recruited, comprising 40 patients with PSF and 30 patients without PSF. Both the PCUN.L and PCUN.R seeds (pDMN) exhibited decreased FC with the prefrontal lobes located at the anterior part of DMN (aDMN), and the FC values were negatively correlated with FSS scores (both p < 0.001). These two seeds also exhibited increased FC with the right insula, and the FC values were positively correlated with FSS scores (both p < 0.05). The abnormal FC between the aDMN and pDMN was associated with PSF. Besides, the insula, related to interoception, might also play an important role in PSF. • Post-stroke fatigue exerts a severe impact on patients. • There is a relationship between the Default Mode Network and fatigue. • Insula plays an important role in post-stroke fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient extraction method of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) by neutral protease was developed and optimized by response surface methodology. AAPs were graded by stepwise ethanol precipitation, the fraction with high recovery rate and strong radical scavenging rate were obtained, then its antioxidant and lipid lowering effect were studied using Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism. The extract yield and ABTS+ scavenging rates of AAPs could reach 14.90% and 86.0% at 50 °C, 75 mL/g of liquid-to-material ratio and pH 9.0. AAP3 obtained by 15% ethanol was a heteropolysaccharide comprised of mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, galactose and glucosamine. AAP3 could significantly prolong the lifespan of C. elegans and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT) at 0.25 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that AAP3 could up regulate mRNA expression levels of daf-16 and skn-1 (>1.6 fold) at 0.25 mg/mL. Besides, AAP3 could significantly reduce the level of body fat and triglyceride in C. elegans (p < 0.05). These studies demonstrated that A. auricula polysaccharides prepared by neutral protease had a prominent protective effect to the damage induced by the intracellular free radical generating agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 epidemic in China, clinical nurses are at an elevated risk of suffering fatigue. This research sought to investigate the correlation between dispositional mindfulness and fatigue among nurses, as well as the potential mediation role of sleep quality in this relationship. Methods: This online cross-sectional survey was performed from August to September 2022 to collect data from 2143 Chinese nurses after the re-emergence of COVID-19. The significance of the mediation effect was determined through a bootstrap approach with SPSS PROCESS macro. Results: Higher levels of dispositional mindfulness were significantly negatively related to fatigue (r = -0.518, P < 0.001) and sleep disturbance (r = -0.344, P < 0.001). Besides, insufficient sleep was associated with fatigue (r = 0.547, P < 0.001). Analyses of mediation revealed that sleep quality mediated the correlation of dispositional mindfulness to fatigue (β = -0.137, 95% Confidence Interval = [-0.156, -0.120]). Conclusions: In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, Chinese nurses' dispositional awareness was related to the reduction of fatigue, which was mediated by sleep quality. Intervention strategies and measures should be adapted to improve dispositional mindfulness and sleep quality to reduce fatigue in nurses during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing image scene classification is a fundamental task in intelligent interpretation of remote sensing images. Although Transformers possess a powerful attention mechanism, they require lengthy training procedures to achieve good performance levels. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel deep learning network model by combining CNN and Swin Transformer named SwinHCST. Firstly, the model uses Weighted Normalized CNN to quickly extract low-level features of the image. Secondly, the Receptive Field Block module facilitates multi-scale information fusion, Thirdly, the Information Fusion Transformer further excavates the deep-level features of the image. Furthermore, this paper has designed a plug-and-play Cross Spatial Information Fusion Block, which is used to encodes dimensional information and extracts global information to enhance information exchange. The scene classification experiments show that the proposed model outperforms other methods on the three selected datasets and can achieve excellent performance without requiring large amounts of data and training. Specifically, the classification accuracy of the proposed method on the three datasets is 93.76%, 93.60%, and 98.10%, which is 1.7% to 3.71% higher than ResNet50 and 3.7% to 5.7% higher than Swin Transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C-SAR/01 and C-SAR/02 serve as successors to the GF-3 satellite. They are designed to operate in tandem with GF-3, collectively forming a C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation. This constellation aims to achieve 1 m resolution imaging with a revisit rate of one day. It can effectively cater to various applications such as marine disaster prevention, monitoring marine dynamic environments, and supporting marine scientific research, disaster mitigation, environmental protection, and agriculture. Geometric correction plays a pivotal role in acquiring highly precise geographic location data for ground targets. The geometric positioning accuracy without control points signifies the SAR satellite's geometric performance. However, SAR images do not exhibit a straightforward image-point–object-point correspondence, unlike optical images. In this study, we introduce a novel approach employing high-precision automatic trihedral corner reflectors as ground control points (GCPs) to assess the geometric positioning accuracy of SAR images. A series of satellite-ground synchronization experiments was conducted at the Xilinhot SAR satellite calibration and validation site to evaluate the geometric positioning accuracy of different C-SAR image modes. Firstly, we calculated the azimuth and elevation angles of the corner reflectors based on satellite orbit parameters. During satellite transit, these corner reflectors were automatically adjusted to align with the radar-looking direction. We subsequently measured the exact longitude and latitude coordinates of the corner reflector vertex in situ using a high-precision real-time kinematics instrument. Next, we computed the theoretical image coordinates of the corner reflectors using the rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) model. After that, we determined the accurate position of the corner reflector in the Single Look Complex (SLC) SAR image using FFT interpolation and the sliding window method. Finally, we evaluated and validated the geometric positioning accuracy of C-SAR images by comparing the two coordinates. The preliminary results indicate that the positioning accuracy varies based on the satellite, imaging modes, and orbital directions. Nevertheless, for most sample points, the range positioning accuracy was better than 60 m, and the azimuth positioning accuracy was better than 80 m. These findings can serve as a valuable reference for subsequent applications of C-SAR satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal human malignancies worldwide. In this research, we aimed to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. lncRNA expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The differentially expressed lncRNAs between HCC and adjacent tissues were analyzed with bioinformatic tools. Four lncRNAs with area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.9 were selected from both datasets. Univariate and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to obtain LINC01093, MYLK-AS1, and MCM3AP-AS1 as the optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Finally, qPCR confirmed that LINC01093 and MYLK-AS1 were significantly differentially expressed in HCC and adjacent normal tissues. In general, we demonstrated that novel lncRNAs, LINC01093 and MYLK-AS1, could be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Night shift is associated with adverse physical and psychological health outcomes such as poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. We aimed to compare sleep quality as well as depressive symptoms in nurses working night shifts to those working day shifts only and explore the association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among nurses. Patients and methods: Eight hundred sixty-five nurses were enrolled in the current study. Sleep quality and depressive symptoms among nurses were evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Disorders Rating Scale (HADS), respectively. Results: PSQI and HADS scores were both significantly higher in the nurses working night shifts (P<0.05) than in those working day shifts only. Besides, there was a positive correlation between PSQI and HADS scores. Binary logistic regression showed that night shift and poor sleep quality were independent risk factors of depressive symptoms among nurses. Conclusion: Higher rates of depression among Chinese nurses working night shifts may be associated with poor sleep quality induced by night shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic pre-treatment (AP) was applied to enhance methane yield from food waste through anaerobic digestion. Different AP durations (i.e. 2, 5 and 8 days) prior to anaerobic digestion were tested. The results indicated that AP of food waste led to no significant differences (p > 0.05) in methane yield potential (ca. 418 mL/g-VS). However, a suitable AP duration (5 days) increased methane yield rates (ca. 18 mL/d/g-VS; 22.0% higher than the control) by anticipating methane generation and shortening the methanogenic phase via volatile fatty acid reduction and pH increase. Although AP induced chemical oxygen demand loss to some extent (i.e. by 2.6%–9.9%) in the AP stage via aerobic degradation, the methane yield potential could be recovered by enhancing organic matter hydrolysis. Therefore, maximisation of hydrolysis should be used as a basis for determining a suitable AP duration for various types of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current distribution structure of the thermal conductivity (TC) enhancements in UO 2 matrix can be divided into three categories: dispersed structure, continuous structure and oriented structure. This paper develops a new semi-continuous structure to improve the TC of UO 2. Ti 3 SiC 2 is selected as the enhancement in this paper due to its excellent irradiation resistance and high TC at elevated temperature. The semi-continuous structure of Ti 3 SiC 2 is formed through a simple centrifugal spheroidization of UO 2 and a followed powder mixing process. Both the theoretical prediction and experimental results indicate the semi-continuous structure has a close TC enhancing efficiency to the continuous structure. Meanwhile, the semi-continuous structure has the advantages of simplifying the fabrication process and can be applied to more kinds of enhancements compared to the continuous structure. The TC of Ti 3 SiC 2 /UO 2 is remarkably improved at elevated temperature compared with pure UO 2 , which is beneficial to the fuel safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio and excellent carrier transport property, two-dimensional (2D) materials are regarded as most promising candidates for gas sensor with high sensitivity. Using the first principles calculations, we have examined the adsorption behavior of typical gas molecules on the 2D SiAs monolayer. The monolayered SiAs could sensitively response physical absorption of SO 2 , O 2 , NO, and NO 2 molecule due to substantial charge transfer, and these molecules have introduced various defective states around the Fermi level. Most importantly, the quantum transport calculations have shown that the I–V b behavior is substantially enhanced due to the toxic gas absorption. Specifically, striking improvement on transport performance is induced by NO 2 absorption due to remarkable charge transfer, making the SiAs monolayer a promising candidate to selectively and sensitively detect NO 2 molecule. Furthermore, we have shown that the work function and the charge transfer can be manipulated by strain, allowing potential application for anisotropic electronics. Our findings could be helpful to the potential application of the NO 2 toxic detection in future. [Display omitted] • Striking enhancement on electrical transport via NO 2 molecule absorption. • Monolayered SiAs as a gas sensor selectively and sensitively response NO 2 molecule. • Prominent charge transfer resulting from toxic molecules absorption on SiAs monolayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Solid-liquid interaction models and molecular dynamics method were used to research cleaning ability. • Energy levels and atomic population were used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism. • Bond population and bond length was used to analyze the desorbing ability of solute molecular. In this study, solid–liquid interaction models of 40 % HF, 40 % HCl, 40 % H 2 SO 4 , H 2 O on Ga 2 O 3 and As 2 O 3 adsorbed GaAs (0 0 1) β2(2 × 4) surface were built, using mean square displacement (MSD) results calculated by molecular dynamics methods, the cleaning ability of three solutions and water on Ga 2 O 3 and As 2 O 3 was researched. The co-adsorption models of solution molecules and oxides on GaAs (0 0 1) β2(2 × 4) were constructed, and the chemical cleaning mechanism was studied through the first-principles method. Electron density difference was used to analyze the charge transferring between solution molecules and oxides adsorbed surface. Valence band maximum(VBM), conduction band minimum (CBM) of the surface, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of solution molecules and oxides were used to analyze the electron transfer mechanism. Mulliken bond population and bond length were used to analyze the desorbing ability of solution molecular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current catheter devices in minimally invasive surgery still possess limited functional options, lacking multimodal integration of both sensing and therapy. Catheter devices usually operate outside the tissue, incapable to detect intra‐tissue biochemical information for accurate localization and assessment of lesions during surgery. Inspired by the feature and functions of Petromyzontidae, here a multimodal core‐shell microneedles‐integrated bioelectronic catheter (MNIBC) for tissue‐penetrating theranostics in endoscopic surgery is developed. The microneedle (MN) device possesses individually addressable functionality at single‐MN tip resolution, enabling multiplex functions (a total of 11 functions distributed in three types of catheters) including biochemical sensing, myoelectric modulation, electroporation, and drug delivery in a submucosal environment. The MNIBC is prepared through hybrid fabrication and dimensionality reduction strategies, where the MN electrodes are functionalized with an MXene‐carbon nanotube (MXene‐CNT)‐based electron mediator, addressing the challenge of reduced electrode sensitivity on ultra‐small MN tip. The functionalities of MNIBC are demonstrated both ex vivo and in vivo on anesthetized rabbits via laparoscopy, simulated cystoscopy, and laparotomy. The MNIBC can effectively detect intra‐tissue biochemical signals in the bladder, and offers localized electroporation and intra‐tissue drug delivery for precise treatments of lesions. The versatile features of the MNIBC present a highly advanced platform for precise surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several studies have examined the crucial role of inflammatory indexes such as the ratio of monocyte and lymphocyte (MLR), systemic-immune-inflammation-index, and the ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte (NLR) in stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). However, the function of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in SAP is not known. This study investigated whether SIRI at admission could predict the incidence of SAP in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Patients and Methods: 2,802 AIS patients collected from 2013 to 2021 were divided into the SAP and non-SAP groups. The predictive performance of SIRI in SAP was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Multivariate regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) were performed to explore the relationship between SIRI and SAP risk. Results: The SIRI at admission in SAP patients was significantly higher than that in non-SAP patients (median [IQR]: 3.75 [2.05, 6.99] vs. 1.51 [0.94, 2.62], p < 0.001). SIRI had a predictive ability for predicting the incidence of SAP with area under the curve of 0.757, better than NLR and MLR (both p < 0.05). SIRI ≥2.74 was an independent risk factor for the incidence of SAP (odds ratio: 5.82, 95% confidence interval: 4.54, 7.49, p < 0.001). The RCS model showed an increasing trend of the SAP risk with the increase of SIRI. Conclusion: SIRI showed a good predictive value for SAP. In clinical practice, AIS patients with high SIRI levels (SIRI ≥2.74) should be aware of the risk of SAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene nanosheet (GNS)-reinforced yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) were synthesized using spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the influences of the added GNSs on microstructure evolution and the microscopic mechanical properties of the sintered composites were investigated. Raman spectroscopy and microstructure observation corroborated that these added GNSs, which can survive the harsh SPS processing condition, homogeneously distribute in the matrix of all composites to hinder significantly the grain growth. In comparison with the monolithic TZP, the indentation fracture toughness of a GNS/TZP composite reaches maximum value and increases by up to ~36% (from ~4.1 to ~5.6 MPa m) even at 0.5% weight fraction, GNS pullout, crack bridging, crack deflection, and crack branching are responsible for the increased fracture toughness. The computed energy dissipation by GNS pullout decreases with increasing the number of graphene layers due to weak bonding between them, and therefore, graphene agglomeration would impair toughening effect. Moreover, scratch studies suggest that GNS/TZP composites exhibit improved scratch resistance due to the fact that GNSs are promising reinforcing and lubricating nanofillers in ceramic composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose and platelet are two easily obtained clinical indicators; the present research aimed to demonstrate their association with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients without thrombolytic or thrombectomy therapy. This was a single-center retrospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with HT after AIS were included in the HT group. Meanwhile, using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach, with a ratio of 1:2, matched patients without HT were included in the non-HT group. Serum G/P levels were measured on the first morning after admission (at least eight hours after the last meal). Characteristics were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent relationship between G/P and HT after AIS, with G/P being divided into quartiles. From January 2013 to March 2022, we consecutively included 643 AIS patients with HT (426/643 [66.25%] with HI and 217/643 [33.75%] with PH), and 1282 AIS patients without HT, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The HT group had higher G/P levels than the non-HT group (0.04 ± 0.02 vs. 0.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in G/P levels between HI and PH subgroups (0.04 ± 0.02 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02, p > 0.05). Moreover, the G/P levels were divided into quartiles (Q1 ≤ 0.022; Q2 = 0.023–0.028; Q3 = 0.029–0.039; Q4 ≥ 0.040), with Q1 being settled as the reference layer. After controlling the confounders, multivariate regression analyses showed that the Q4 layer (Q4: G/P ≥ 0.040) was independently associated with elevated HT risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.31–2.63, p < 0.001). G/P levels on admission were independently associated with HT risk in AIS patients. In clinical practice, adequate attention should be paid to AIS patients with elevated G/P levels (G/P ≥ 0.040). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) occurs frequently after a stroke. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a valuable indicator of elderly individuals' nutritional status. This research was designed to obtain insight into the link between GNRI and SAP. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were categorized into the SAP and non‐SAP groups. GNRI scores were divided into four layers: Q1, GNRI < 82; Q2, 82≤ GNRI < 92; Q3, 92≤ GNRI ≤98; Q4, GNRI > 98. To identify the independent risk and protective factors of developing SAP, logistic regression analyses were conducted. Additionally, we utilized the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to test the effect of GNRI on the SAP risk. Results: The SAP group showed lower GNRI scores than the non‐SAP group (96.88 ± 9.36 vs. 100.88 ± 8.25, p < 0.001). According to the logistic regression model, the Q1 and Q2 layers showed a higher risk of SAP than the Q3 layer, while the Q4 layer showed a lower SAP risk (all p < 0.05). Besides, the RCS model found that the risk of SAP dropped dramatically as GNRI scores increased, which got stable when the GNRI score was more significant than 100. Conclusion: Lower GNRI scores were linked to a higher prevalence of SAP. In clinical practice, GNRI showed predictive value for SAP, which could be helpful in early SAP intervention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthine oxidase (XOD) is the members of the molybdenum hydroxylase flavoprotein family and it plays a vital role in the body’s purine catabolism. In this study, we cloned the XOD 37 kDa subunit protein by using RT-PCR and pMD-18-T clone vector based on the total RNA extracted from chicken liver. The cloning XOD subunit protein gene was ligated into the pET-32a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET-XOD. After the pET-XOD expression vector was transformed into host cells Rosetta (DE3), the recombinant XOD subunit proteins (54.8 kDa) were successfully induced by isopropy1 β- d -thiogalactoside (IPTG). Rabbit antiserums were produced by using the purification of the recombinant XOD subunit protein as antigen. The titer of the antiserum was more than 1:102,400 determined by using ELISA. The result of Western blot demonstrated that the antiserum could specifically recognize the chicken liver XOD. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the XOD mainly presented in the cytoplasm of chicken hepatocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells. Our results indicated that the XOD subunit protein polyclonal antibody prepared by this method could be used for the further researches of the biological function of the XOD in the chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive power is the core problem of voltage stability and economical operation in power systems. Aiming at the problem that multi-objective normalization reactive power optimization function is dependent on weight, an integrated synthesis of adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization (ISAMOPSO) is proposed to achieve weight adaptive. Through seven test functions and three algorithm comparison experiments, it is proved that the ISAMOPSO algorithm has stronger global search capability and better convergence. Considering the optimal access position and capacity of distributed generation (DG), the ISAMOPSO algorithm is used for three-objective reactive power optimization. Finally, the results indicate that the ISAMOPSO algorithm can not only provide a variety of optimization schemes to meet different needs, but also realize dynamic reactive power optimization, which further proves that the algorithm can provide effective technical support for solving reactive power optimization problems in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree height is an essential indicator in forestry research. This indicator is difficult to measure directly, as well as wind disturbance adds to the measurement difficulty. Therefore, tree height measurement has always been an issue that experts and scholars strive to improve. We propose a tree height measurement method based on tree fisheye images to improve the accuracy of tree height measurements. Our aim is to extract tree height extreme points in fisheye images by proposing an improved lightweight target detection network YOLOX-tiny. We added CBAM attention mechanism, transfer learning, and data enhancement methods to improve the recall rate, F1 score, AP, and other indicators of YOLOX-tiny. This study improves the detection performance of YOLOX-tiny. The use of deep learning can improve measurement efficiency while ensuring measurement accuracy and stability. The results showed that the highest relative error of tree measurements was 4.06% and the average relative error was 1.62%. The analysis showed that the method performed better at all stages than in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the traditional automatic transmission, Dedicated Hybrid Transmission (DHT) with P2 configuration is developed by replacing hydraulic torque converter with a wet electronically controlled clutch and a driving motor. The paper proposed a coordinated control strategy of the upshift process for the P2 configuration parallel hybrid vehicle equipped with DHT to ensure the shift quality. Firstly, considering the meshing transmission loss, the dynamics modelling of DHT shifting process was built by Lagrange method, and the model parameters were identified by bench test; Secondly, taking no jerk as the constraint and minimum slipping work as the optimisation goal, the forward discrete dynamic programming was used to solve the optimal control law of the transmission torque of the shifting clutch and the input shaft torque of transmission. Besides, for the hybrid operation mode, further considering the influence of the motor, engine and main clutch, two coordinated control strategies of the main clutch engagement and slipping were proposed. The simulation results show that the two coordinated control strategies can achieve small jerk and slipping work, ensure smoothness in the course of gear shift. And by the method of slipping control of the main clutch, the shifting time can be shortened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Factors governing the TC of GFs/UO 2 are systematically studied. • A maximum TC increment of 340% is obtained by adding 15 vol.% GFs. • An optimized sintering temperature is obtained through the TC results. Graphite flakes (GFs) were introduced into UO 2 via spark plasma sintering to improve its thermal conductivity (TC). The effect of GFs on the sintering behavior and TC of GFs/UO 2 was systematically investigated. GFs/UO 2 composites exhibited a highly oriented structure; thus, the radial TC was significantly higher than the axial TC. GFs/UO 2 was crack-free below a sintering temperature of 1673 K. At higher temperatures, some cracks were formed owing to the reaction at the interface. Accordingly, the radial TC of GFs/UO 2 reached its peak value at 1673 K. The radial TC presented a nearly linear relationship with the GF fraction. The radial TC of GFs/UO 2 composites was averagely improved by 340% from 298 to 1273 K with 15 vol.% GFs addition. The radial TC continuously increased with the diameter of the GFs. In contrast, the volume fraction and diameter of the GFs had a relatively inconspicuous effect on the axial TC. This was attributed to the thermal resistance of the interface and deflection of GFs from the radial direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of heat treatment on the geometric properties of UD 3 powder (particles shape, size distribution and morphology) during hydriding-dehydriding were investigated. >95% of the UD 3 particles synthesized by once hydriding of uranium were composed of primary particles not exceeding 38 μm. About 63% of primary particles had aspect ratios between 1.4–2.2. Particles prepared under heating conditions exhibited smooth surfaces and columnar structures on their sides. As the starting temperature of hydriding reaction decreased, the proportion of fine particles (<10 μm) in the powder increased. During the deuterium absorption-desorption, primary particles gradually broke down into small particles, which further adhered and aggregated into agglomerates by heat treatment. Agglomerates were consisted of cauliflower-like clusters, and their growth were random and non-oriented. The primary particles and/or agglomerates with aspect ratios between 1.4–2.2 always accounted for about 63%. Agglomerates exceeding 38 μm in multiple thermal cycles were very rare. [Display omitted] • Higher hydriding temperatures result in more large particles. • Agglomerates are generated during multiple absorption-desorption thermal cycles. • The aspect ratio of most primary particles/agglomerates are between 1.4–2.2. • High temperature is conducive to the formation of agglomerates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel UO 2 /SiC nanocomposite pellet was constructed via in-situ hydrothermal synthesis and SPS. Such method could avoid the problem of traditional mechanical mixing that could obtained the molecular level mixing during a chemical process. Using such method, SiC was dispersed uniformly in the UO 2 matrix. Its thermal conductivity is significantly higher than those of UO 2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder and traditional UO 2 pellets at both working temperature (400 °C) and near-accident temperature (1000 °C). The thermal conductivity of UO 2 /SiC nanocomposite pellet increased 23.7 % over traditional UO 2 and 48.9 % over UO 2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder at 400 °C. It also increased 33.6 % over traditional UO 2 and 74.8 % over UO 2 pellet fabricated using hydro-thermally prepared powder at 1000 °C. These advantages are expected to maintain high thermal conductivity of fuels, enhance heat transferring efficiency of reactors, and minimize risks of pellet failure in the entire fuel life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed‐loop system that can mini‐invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed‐loop system (IWCS) based on mini‐invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle‐reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle‐iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed‐loop system that can mini‐invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed‐loop system (IWCS) based on mini‐invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle‐reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle‐iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds (1 and 2), along with fifteen known compounds (3 – 17) were isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L. All compounds were screened by in vitro insulin resistance cell model. Among them, compounds 1 , 2 , 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 were proven to improve the insulin resistance of C2C12 myotubes and significantly increase glucose consumption levels. These compounds were then combined with PTP1B for molecular docking and enzyme activity test. It's exciting that compounds 1 , 2 , 13 , 14 , 16 , and 17 can improve insulin resistance and inhibit PTP1B activity, and are expected to become new PTP1B inhibitors. Seventeen flavonoids (1 – 17) were isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L.. Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, and compounds 5 , 8 , 11 , 12, and 17 were isolated from S. alopecuroides for the first time. The sources of compounds 1 and 2 were determined from the seeds of S. alopecuroides by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS, and compounds 1 , 2 , 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 were proven to improve the insulin resistance of C2C12 myotubes and significantly increase glucose consumption levels. Among them, compounds 1 , 2 , 13 , 14 , 16 , and 17 could bind to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), thereby significantly inhibiting the enzyme activity of PTP1B. Compound 2 had the strongest inhibitory effect, with an inhibition rate of 95.22% at 0.1 μg mL−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]