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The path planning problem of mobile robot in unknown dynamic environment (UDE) is discussed in this article by building a continuous dynamic simulation environment. To achieve a collision‐free path in UDE, the reinforcement learning theory with deep Q‐network (DQN) is applied for the mobile robot to learn optimal decisions. A reward function is designed with weight to balance the obstacle avoidance and the approach to the goal. Moreover, it is found that the relative motion between moving obstacles and robots may cause abnormal rewards and further lead to a collision between robot and obstacle. To address this problem, two reward thresholds are set to modify the abnormal rewards, and the experiments shows that the robot can avoid all obstacles and reach the goal successfully. Finally, double DQN (DDQN) and dueling DQN are applied in this article. This article compares the results of reward‐modified DQN (RMDQN), reward‐modified DDQN (RMDDQN), dueling RMDQN, and dueling RMDDQN and concludes that the result of RMDDQN is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of interface engineering has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in overcoming the primary impediment associated with sluggish reaction kinetics in supercapacitor electrodes. In this investigation, we employed a facile co-precipitation method to synthesize NiCoMoO 4 /MXene heterostructures utilizing Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets as carriers. This heterostructure inhibits the restacking of MXene nanosheets and simultaneously enhances the exposure of electrochemically active sites in NiCoMoO 4 nanorods, thereby mitigating the reduction in specific capacitance resulting from volumetric fluctuations. The NiCoMoO 4 /MXene electrode, possessing pseudo-capacitance properties, demonstrates an impressive level of specific capacitance, exceptional performance across various charging rates, and consistent behavior throughout repeated cycles. By optimizing the mass ratio, this electrode achieves a specific capacity of 1900 F/g under a current density of 1 A/g. Even after enduring 10,000 cycles at a significantly higher current density of 5 A/g, it still maintains an impressive retention rate of 94.73 %. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the improved electronic coupling within the NiCoMoO 4 /MXene heterostructure. The integration of NiCoMoO 4 /MXene cathode and activated carbon (AC) anode with an alkaline gel electrolyte containing potassium ferricyanide in flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) results in exceptional electrochemical performance and flexibility. These FSSCs demonstrate a maximum energy density of 72.89 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 850 W kg -1 , while maintaining an impressive power output of 16,780 W kg -1 with an energy density of 37.28 Wh kg -1 . Based on these outstanding properties, it is evident that the NiCoMoO 4 /MXene heterojunction possesses significant advantages as electrode material for supercapacitors, and the fabricated FSSCs devices pave a new pathway for flexible electronic devices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)