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Since offshore wind power tends towards deep sea， the paper evaluates two offshore wind power transmission schemes， namely flexible DC transmission and low-frequency alternating current （LFAC） from the economic perspective. Discounted cash flow （DCF） is used， and a typical scenario with an installed capacity of 1 000 MW and an offshore distance of 100 kilometers is combined to study engineering investment and operation and maintenance costs. The results show that LFAC power transmission owns economic superiority in the scenario of medium and long-distance offshore wind power transmission. The convergence voltage of 35 kV and 66 kV used for wind power generators are compared regarding economy. It is concluded that the latter is more economical.

The interplay between bacteria and their host influences the homeostasis of the human immune microenvironment, and this reciprocal interaction also affects the process of tissue damage repair. A variety of immunomodulatory commensal bacteria reside in the body, capable of delivering membrane vesicles (MVs) to host cells to regulate the local immune microenvironment. This research revealed, for the initial time, the significant enhancement of mucosal and cutaneous wound healing by MVs secreted by the human commensal Lactobacillus reuteri (RMVs) through modulation of the inflammatory environment in wound tissue. Local administration of RMVs reduces the proportion of pro‐inflammatory macrophages in inflamed tissues and mitigates the level of local inflammation, thereby facilitating the healing of oral mucosa and cutaneous wounds. The elevated oxidative stress levels in activated pro‐inflammatory macrophages can be modulated by RMVs, resulting in phenotypic transformation of macrophages. Furthermore, 3‐hydroxypropionaldehyde present in RMVs can decrease the mitochondrial permeability of macrophages and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby promoting the conversion of macrophages to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. This study pioneers the significance of commensal bacterial MVs in tissue injury repair and presents a novel concept for the repair of tissue damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early orthodontic correction of skeletal malocclusion takes advantage of mechanical force to stimulate unclosed suture remodeling and to promote bone reconstruction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Gli1+ cells in maxillofacial sutures have been shown to participate in maxillofacial bone development and damage repair. Nevertheless, it remains to be investigated whether these cells participate in mechanical force-induced bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. In this study, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) mouse models and mechanical stretch loading cell models were established using two types of transgenic mice which are able to label Gli1+ cells, and we found that Gli1+ cells participated in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we found mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and we observed for the first time that inhibition of Gli1 suppressed an increase in mechanical force-induced IP3R overexpression, suggesting that Gli1+ cells participate in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through IP3R. Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that Gli1+ cells in maxillofacial sutures are involved in mechanical force-induced bone formation through IP3R during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. Furthermore, our results provide novel insights regarding the mechanism of orthodontic treatments of skeletal malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome (ZLS; MIM 135500) is a rare genetic disorder with the main clinical manifestations of gingival fibromatosis and finger/toe nail hypoplasia. KCNH1 (potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H, member-1), KCNN3 (potassium channel, voltage-gated, subfamily H, member-3) and ATP6V1B2 (ATPase H + transporting V1 subunit B2) genes are considered causative genes for ZLS. However, there are limited reports about the diverse clinical presentation and genetic heterogeneity. Reporting more information on phenotype-genotype correlation and the treatment of ZLS is necessary. This case reported a 2-year-old patient with gingival enlargement that failure of eruption of the deciduous teeth and severe hypoplasia of nails. Based on a systemic examination and a review of the relevant literature, we made an initial clinical diagnosis of ZLS. A novel pathogenic variant in the KCNH1 gene was identified using whole-exome sequencing to substantiate our preliminary diagnosis. The histopathological results were consistent with gingival fibromatosis. Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty were performed under general anesthesia. After surgery, the gingival appearance improved significantly, and the masticatory function of the teeth was restored. After 2-year follow-up, the gingival showed slightly hyperplasia. Systemic examination and gene sequencing firstly contribute to provide information for an early diagnosis for ZLS, then timely removal of the hyperplastic gingival facilitates the establishment of a normal occlusal relationship and improves oral aesthetics., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Early orthodontic correction of skeletal malocclusion takes advantage of mechanical force to stimulate unclosed suture remodeling and to promote bone reconstruction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Gli1 + cells in maxillofacial sutures have been shown to participate in maxillofacial bone development and damage repair. Nevertheless, it remains to be investigated whether these cells participate in mechanical force-induced bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. In this study, rapid maxillary expansion (RME) mouse models and mechanical stretch loading cell models were established using two types of transgenic mice which are able to label Gli1 + cells, and we found that Gli1 + cells participated in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we found mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R), and we observed for the first time that inhibition of Gli1 suppressed an increase in mechanical force-induced IP3R overexpression, suggesting that Gli1 + cells participate in mechanical force-induced osteogenesis through IP 3 R. Taken together, this study is the first to demonstrate that Gli1 + cells in maxillofacial sutures are involved in mechanical force-induced bone formation through IP 3 R during orthodontic treatment of skeletal malocclusion. Furthermore, our results provide novel insights regarding the mechanism of orthodontic treatments of skeletal malocclusion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Xiaoyao Huang et al.)