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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis, which can progress to liver damage. The link between HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been proven by many studies. Long-term inflammation caused by HCV infection is one of the carcinogenic factors. Secondly, HCV infection significantly changes the expression of many specific genes and signaling pathways in hepatocytes. The signaling pathways affected by HCV infection have been found to be related to cellular defense mechanisms (apoptosis, proliferation, and antioxidant responses), cellular metabolism (lipid and protein metabolism), and intracellular transport (vesicles). Changes caused by HCV tend to persist and are associated with liver carcinogenesis even after cure, as evidenced by the subsequent development of HCC that persists after clearance of HCV. This study employed transcriptome sequencing data from public databases for gene enrichment analysis. The results were subsequently compared with the findings in the literature review. As a result, it was observed that HCV infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by altering the gene expression associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cellular apoptosis, protein synthesis, and intracellular transport.

Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that investigates the rates of chemical reactions and has applications in cosmology, geology, and physiology. In this study, we develop a mathematical model for chemical reactions based on enzyme dynamics and kinetics, which is a two-step substrate-enzyme reversible reaction, applying chemical kinetics-based modeling of enzyme functions. The non-linear differential equations are transformed into fractional-order systems utilizing the constant proportional Caputo-Fabrizio (CPCF) and constant proportional Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (CPABC) operators. The system of fractional differential equations is simulated using the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method at different fractional orders through simulations and numerical results. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses such as boundedness, positivity, unique solution, and feasible concentration for the proposed model with different hybrid operators are provided. The stability analysis of the proposed scheme is also verified using Picard's stable condition through the fixed point theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a critical pathological event during the progression of cardiovascular diseases. It exhibits fibrofatty lesions on the arterial wall and lacks effective treatment. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common modification of eukaryotic RNA and plays an important role in regulating the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of m6A modification in AS remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explored the transcriptome distribution of m6A modification in AS and its potential mechanism. Methods: Methylation Quantification Kit was used to detect the global m6A levels in the aorta of AS mice. Western blot was used to analyze the protein level of methyltransferases. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to obtain the first transcriptome range analysis of the m6A methylene map in the aorta of AS mice, followed by bioinformatics analysis. qRT-PCR and MeRIP-qRT-PCR were used to measure the mRNA and m6A levels in target genes. Results: The global m6A and protein levels of methyltransferase METTL3 were significantly increased in the aorta of AS mice. However, the protein level of demethylase ALKBH5 was significantly decreased. Through MeRIP-seq, we obtained m6A methylation maps in AS and control mice. In total, 26,918 m6A peaks associated with 13,744 genes were detected in AS group, whereas 26,157 m6A peaks associated with 13,283 genes were detected in the control group. Peaks mainly appeared in the coding sequence (CDS) regions close to the stop codon with the RRACH motif. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that m6A-containing genes were significantly enriched in AS-relevant pathways. Interestingly, a negative correlation between m6A methylation abundance and gene expression level was found through the integrated analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data. Among the m6A-modified genes, a hypo-methylated but up-regulated (hypo-up) gene Fabp5 may be a potential biomarker of AS. Conclusions: Our study provides transcriptome-wide m6A methylation for the first time to determine the association between m6A modification and AS progression. Our study lays a foundation for further exploring the pathogenesis of AS and provides a new direction for the treatment of AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensible markup language (XML) is gaining attention in medicine because of its flexibility. Since most XML documents convey information only on content, it has been difficult for medical applications to present and edit them in the precise format, as required in many clinical circumstances. This article offers a design of formatted report (FR) language to meet almost all medical-oriented requirements of presenting and editing data items such as text, image, scheme and video in the precise format. As FR language could be converted to and from other XML-based languages, it's suitable for almost all XML application environments. A set of components and tools have also been built to promote the application of FR language in the medical fields. These components and tools have established a development platform and could cover almost all application fields of XML. The FR language together with the set of components and tools has already been used in image diagnostic system to present and edit image report in the clinical environment.