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Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) rely on behavioral and dietary flexibility to survive in temperate latitudes at high‐elevation habitats characterized by climate and resource seasonality. However, little is known about how elevation influences their behavioral and dietary flexibility at monthly or seasonal scales. We studied an isolated R. bieti population at Mt. Lasha in the Yunling Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, between May 2008 and August 2016 to assess the impacts of elevation on feeding behavior and diet. Across our sample, R. bieti occupied elevations between 3031 and 3637 m above mean sea level (amsl), with a 315.1 m amsl range across months and a 247.3 m amsl range across seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals spent less time feeding when ranging across higher elevations. Lichen consumption correlated with elevation use across months and seasons, with individuals spending more time feeding on this important resource at higher elevations. Leaf consumption only correlated with elevation use during the spring. Our results suggest that R. bieti do not maximize their food intake at higher elevations and that monthly and seasonal changes in lichen and leaf consumption largely explain variation in elevation use. These findings shed light on the responses of R. bieti to environmental change and offer insight into strategies for conserving their habitats in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. Research Highlights: Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) spend less time feeding in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats.Leaves only comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet when occupying higher‐elevation habitats in the spring.Lichen comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is defined as an oestrogen‐dependent and inflammatory gynaecological disease of which the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and reveal the effect of CD8+ T cells on the progress of endometriosis. Three ovarian endometriosis patients were collected, and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) progressed and delineated the cellular landscape of endometriosis containing five cell clusters. The endometrial cells (EMCs) were the major component, of which the mesenchymal cells were preponderant and characterized with increased inflammation and oestrogen synthesis in endometriosis. The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. Correspondingly, the coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis‐promoted metabolism reprogramming. The endometriotic lesions were larger in nude mouse models with T‐cell deficiency than the normal mouse models. The inhibition of T cells via CD90.2 or CD8A antibody increased the endometriotic lesions in mouse models, and the supplement of T cells to nude mouse models diminished the lesion sizes. In conclusion, this study revealed the global cellular variation of endometriosis among which the cellular count and physiology of EMCs and T cells were significantly changed. The depressed cytotoxicity and aberrant metabolism of CD8+ T cells were induced by ESCs with the activation of STAT1/PDCD1 pathway resulting in immune survival to promote endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most extraordinary systems of symbiosis in insects are found in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha of Hemiptera, which provide unique perspectives for uncovering complicated insect-microbe symbiosis. We investigated symbionts associated with bacteriomes and fat bodies in six cicada species, and compared transmitted cell number ratio of related symbionts in ovaries among species. We reveal that Sulcia and Hodgkinia or a yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) are segregated from other host tissues by the bacteriomes in the nymphal stage, then some of them may migrate to other organs (i.e., fat bodies and ovaries) during host development. Particularly, YLS resides together with Sulcia in the "symbiont ball" of each egg and the bacteriomes of young-instar nymphs, but finally migrates to the fat bodies of adults in the majority of Hodgkinia-free cicadas, whereas it resides in both bacteriome sheath and fat bodies of adults in a few other species. The transmitted Sulcia/YLS or Sulcia/Hodgkinia cell number ratio in ovaries varies significantly among species, which could be related to the distribution and/or lineage splitting of symbiont(s). Rickettsia localizes to the nuclei of bacteriomes and fat bodies in some species, but it was not observed to be transmitted to the ovaries, indicating that this symbiont may be acquired from environments or from father to offspring. The considerable difference in the transovarial transmission process of symbionts suggests that cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiont transmission are complex. Our results may provide novel insights into insect-microbe symbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early identification of high-risk patients with Major depressive disorder (MDD) having suicide attempts (SAs) is essential for timely targeted and tailored psychological interventions and medications. This study aimed to develop and validate a web-based dynamic nomogram as a personalized predictor of SA in MDD patients. A dynamic nomogram was developed using data collected from 1718 patients in China. The dynamic model was established based on a machine learning-based regression technique in the training cohort. We validated the nomogram internally using 1000 bootstrap replications. The nomogram performance was assessed using estimates of discrimination (via the concordance index) and calibration (calibration plots). The nomogram incorporated five predictors, including Hamilton anxiety rating scale (odds ratio [OR]: 1.255), marital status (OR: 0.618), clinical global impressions (OR: 2.242), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (OR: 1.002), and systolic pressure levels (OR: 1.037). The model demonstrated good overall discrimination (Harrell's C-index = 0.823). Using decision curve analysis, this model also demonstrated good clinical applicability. An online web server was constructed (https://odywong.shinyapps.io/PRSM/) to facilitate the use of the nomogram. Based on these results, our study developed a nomogram to predict SA in MDD patients. The application of this nomogram may help for patients and clinicians to make decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selective removal and immobilization of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, a robust lanthanide‐organic framework material (IHEP‐24) is developed for simultaneous fluorescence sensing, selective adsorption, and photocatalytic reduction of uranium, integrating three different functions in one material. The confined space formed by the coordination assembly of viologen derivative ligands and metal‐oxygen clusters can act as precise recognition sites for uranyl, allowing IHEP‐24 to efficiently detect and capture uranyl ions. In addition, the presence of a viologen‐based radical ligand enables IHEP‐24 to a further photocatalytic reduction of the adsorbed uranyl to amorphous UO2. The mechanisms of adsorption and photocatalysis are revealed by batch experiments, photoelectrochemical characterizations, and theoretical calculations. This study provides a reference for the construction of robust multi‐functional MOF materials and also provides support for the deep removal and immobilization of radionuclides from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an emerging face of malnutrition. The aims of this study were to develop fatty acid (FAs) related dietary patterns and explored the associations of FAs related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 435 children aged 4 to 7 years old in South Central China. Erythrocyte FAs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diet was collected by food frequency questionnaires and dietary patterns were evaluated by reduced rank regression. The logistic regression analysis was used to exploring the association of dietary patterns with overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight or obesity were 6.52, 4.59, and 11.11% in Chinese children, respectively. Twenty five types of FAs were detected in erythrocyte of children and four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern positively correlated with n-3 PUFAs, but negatively with SFAs,was characterized by high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, leaf-off vegetable, nuts, and tubers, which have a significantly decreased overweight risk (OR = 0.580, 95%CI: 0.375 ∼ 0.895, P = 0.014).The pattern positively strong associated with n-6 PUFAs, but negatively strong with n-3 PUFAs, had high intake of snacks, leaf-off vegetable, fresh beans, and coarse cereals, which have a significantly decreased obesity risk (OR = 0.518, 95%CI: 0.325 ∼ 0.827, P = 0.006). Conclusion: Four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern with high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish decreased overweight risk by increasing n-3 PUFAs, and decreasing SFAs. The dietary pattern with high intake of plant food, decreased obesity risk by providing an balanced n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most critics focus on the pain and suffering of the first-generation Vietnamese immigrants depicted in Lan Cao's Monkey Bridge. This paper explores how Cao strategically uses the philosophy of karma in Vietnamese Buddhism to provide a method for alleviating their suffering in this novel. It argues that she employs karma to investigate the origins of the adversity and trauma experienced by the first-generation Vietnamese immigrants, including the pro-American attitude of the early Vietnamese authorities during the Vietnam War, the imperialistic actions of the United States, and the resulting karmic consequences. In addition, they demonstrate, through actions like forming "hui", a way to change their fate and heal their trauma for later generations of Vietnamese immigrants, emphasizing positive transformation of karma. This paper suggests that the Buddhist philosophy of karma provides an effective strategy for Vietnamese American immigrants to reflect on the Vietnam War, overcome adversity, and heal their own trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing carbon emissions during belt grinding is of great significance for environmentally friendly production in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, in order to better grinding aero-engine titanium alloy blades with the abrasive belt, an improved NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm was proposed, which reduced the carbon emissions during the grinding process while ensuring the same surface roughness and material removal rate. Firstly, through analysis and finite element simulation, the model of abrasive belt grinding force is established and the rationality of the model is verified by experiments; furthermore, the carbon emission model of abrasive belt grinding and the multi-objective optimization model based on the improved NSGA-II algorithm are established; finally, the results of the algorithm are verified and compared through numerical simulation and experiments. Compared with the NSGA-II algorithm and the multiple objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimization results of the algorithm in this paper have better diversity and uniformity and can find better non-dominated optimal solutions; the process parameters selected by the algorithm in this paper can more effectively reduce the carbon emissions during grinding. The optimization method proposed in this paper has certain reference significance for engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular follow-up and medication can effectively reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for patients with hypertension. This study aimed to explore the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and associated socioeconomic factors of visiting frequency for rural patients with hypertension in Fujian province from 2011 to 2016. Methods: The medical records of patients with hypertension were abstracted from the database of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. Geographically and temporally weighted regression model was used to analyze the associations between percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year and seven socioeconomic factors at the county level. Results: The visiting rate of rural patients with hypertension was 0.79%, 1.27%, 1.87%, 2.29%, 2.78%, 3.43% over the six-year study period, respectively. The percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year gradually increased over time and the percentage ranged from 61 to 80% in a half of the counties by 2016. In general, there was positive association between Gross Domestic Product per capita and the percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year. The percentage of female patients, percentage of patients who aged ≥ 60 years, percentage of low-income patients, carbon emission intensity, percentage of savings and number of health technicians per 10,000 persons were negatively correlated with the percentage of patients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year in most of counties of Fujian Province. In the sensitivity analysis, the percentage of outpatients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times within a year was higher than that of all patients. There was positive association between percentage of outpatients who aged ≥ 60 years and the percentage of outpatients whose visiting frequency ≥ 4 times. Conclusions: The visiting rate and the visiting frequency within a year for rural patients with hypertension in Fujian province need to be improved. Female and elderly patients should be the focus of health management. Effectively implementing the family doctor services, providing several kinds of free antihypertensive drugs, improving energy utilization efficiency and reasonably allocating the health resources may be the effective strategies to improve the follow-up compliance of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better characterize the properties of surface-initiated polymers, simultaneous bulk- and surface-initiated polymerizations are usually carried out by assuming that the properties of the surface-initiated polymers resemble those of the bulk-initiated polymers. Through a Monte Carlo simulation using a heterogeneous stochastic reaction model, it was discovered that the bulk-initiated polymers exhibit a higher molecular weight and a lower dispersity than the corresponding surface-initiated polymers, which indicates that the equivalent assumption is invalid. Furthermore, the molecular weight distributions of the two types of polymers are also different, suggesting different polymerization mechanisms. The results can be simply explained by the heterogeneous distributions of reactants in the system. This study is helpful to better understand surface-initiated polymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formaldehyde is a pollutant that significantly affects the indoor air quality. However, conventional remediation approaches can be challenging to deal with low-concentration formaldehyde in an indoor environment. In this study, Photocatalysts of Ag/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4)/Ni with 3D reticulated coral structure were prepared by thermal polymerization and liquid phase photo-deposition, using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier. Experiments demonstrated that when the Ag concentration was 3%, and the relative humidity was 60%, the Ni/Ag/g-C 3 N 4 showed the maximum degradation rate of formaldehyde at 90.19% under visible light irradiation, and the formaldehyde concentration after degradation was lower than the Hygienic standard stated by the Chinese Government. The porous structure of Ni/Ag/g-C 3 N 4 and the formation of Schottky junctions promoted the Adsorption efficiency and degradation of formaldehyde, while the nickel foam carrier effectively promoted the desorption of degradation products. Meanwhile, the degradation rate was only reduced by 3.4% after 16 recycles, the three-dimensional porous structure extended the lifetime of the photocatalyst. This study provides a new strategy for the degradation of indoor formaldehyde at low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of global climate change, agricultural and livestock production is facing greater risks. It is important to study the spatio-temporal changes of the threshold temperature, in order to provide the informative scientific foundation for adjusting the agricultural cultivation structure to achieve sustainable agricultural development. Based on the daily average temperature observed at 38 meteorological stations over Tibet from 1981 to 2020, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of ≥0°C,≥5°C & ≥10°C threshold temperatures [initial date(ID), final date(FD), duration days(DD) and active accumulated temperature(ATT)] over Tibet in the recent 40 years in the context of global warming were analyzed by various statistic methods, including linear tendency estimation, Person coefficient, Mann-Kendall, and dominance analysis. The results showed that: (1) the distribution of ≥0°C,≥5°C & ≥10°C threshold temperatures in Tibet generally presented the characteristics of delayed ID, earlier FD, shortened DD and reduced ATT from southeast to northwest, without significant vertical zonal characteristics of altitude. Generally, the accumulated temperature of ≥0°C, ≥5°C & ≥10°C decreased by 143.0, 136.1, 141.5°C d, respectively, with an increase of 100m in altitude. The average values for all three types of ATT in Tibetan stations have increased respectively in the period of 1991-2020, compared with those in the period of 1981-2020, especially ≥10°C. The majority of stations were featured by an earlier ID, a later FD, and a more DD. (2)In the past 40 years, the amplitude of the ID, FD and DD of the threshold temperature in Tibet was the largest at ≥0°C, with an average prolonging rate of 5.4d.10y-1, caused by an advancing rate of 3.2d.10y-1 and a postponing rate of 3.5d.10y-1, respectively. The maximum increase of ATT for ≥10°C was 86.1°Cd.10y-1. The increase of DD for ≥0°C and ≥5°C was caused by the significantly advanced ID, while the increase of DD for ≥10°C can be attributed to the significantly postponed FD. (3)The linear trend(LTR) of ≥0°C threshold temperature were significantly greater in lower elevation area than in higher elevation. The maximum LTR of the ID and ATT for ≥5°C were in lower altitude area, and the maximum LTR of FD and DD were in middle and high altitude area(3500-4000m). The LTR of ID for ≥10°C was the largest in middle and high elevation area, and the maximum LTR of FD, DD and ATT for ≥10°C appeared in the altitude range of 4000-4500m. (4) In the 1980s, ≥0°C, ≥5°C & ≥10°C exhibited later ID, earlier FD, shorter DD and lower ATT. In the 1990s, the ID, FD and DD did not change much, which was normal, and ATT was still lower. After entering the 21st century, the threshold temperature presented the characteristics of earlier ID, later FD, longer DD and higher ATT, especially in the 2010s. (5)The mutation of FD for ≥5°C occurred earliest in the early 1990s, while the mutation of FD at ≥10°C was the latest in the middle of the 21st century. The abrupt changes of ID and ATT happened in the mid-late 1990s and the early 21st century, respectively. In contrast, the abrupt change of DD occurred during the late 1990s and the mid-early 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, cadmium (Cd) stress has a significant role in limiting the development and productivity of purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria). Exogenous selenium supplementation has been demonstrated in earlier research to mitigate the effects of Cd stress in a range of plant species; nevertheless, the physiological and molecular processes by which exogenous selenium increases vegetable shoots' resistance to Cd stress remain unclear. Purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria) were chosen as the study subject to examine the effects of treatment with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the physiology and transcriptome alterations of cadmium stress. Purple flowering stalk leaves treated with exogenous selenium had higher glutathione content, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the leaves treated with Cd stress alone. Conversely, the contents of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, and intercellular CO2 concentration tended to decrease. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in the response of exogenous selenium treatment to Cd stress. The metabolic pathways associated with flavonoid production, carotenoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis were among those enriched in these differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we discovered DEGs connected to the production route of glucosinolates. This work sheds fresh light on how purple flowering stalks' tolerance to cadmium stress is improved by exogenous selenium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a generic paradigm to treat all samples equally in 3D object detection. Although some works focus on discriminating samples in the training process of object detectors, the issue of whether a sample detects its target GT (Ground Truth) during training process has never been studied. In this work, we first point out that discriminating the samples that detect their target GT and the samples that don't detect their target GT is beneficial to improve the performance measured in terms of mAP (mean Average Precision). Then we propose a novel approach name as DW (Detected Weight). The proposed approach dynamically calculates and assigns different weights to detected and undetected samples, which suppresses the former and promotes the latter. The approach is simple, low-calculation and can be integrated with available weight approaches. Further, it can be applied to almost 3D detectors, even 2D detectors because it is nothing to do with network structures. We evaluate the proposed approach with six state-of-the-art 3D detectors on two datasets. The experiment results show that the proposed approach improves mAP significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in various cancers, including small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), remain unclear. Here, 111,54 multi-center samples were investigated to determine the expression, clinical significance, and underlying mechanisms of CDK6 in 34 cancers. The area under the curve (AUC), Cox regression analysis, and the Kaplan–Meier curves were used to explore the clinical value of CDK6 in cancers. Gene set enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed to detect potential CDK6 mechanisms. CDK6 expression was essential in 24 cancer cell types. Abnormal CDK6 expression was observed in 14 cancer types (e.g., downregulated in breast invasive carcinoma; p < 0.05). CDK6 allowed six cancers to be distinguished from their controls (AUC > 0.750). CDK6 expression was a prognosis marker for 13 cancers (e.g., adrenocortical carcinoma; p < 0.05). CDK6 was correlated with several immune-related signaling pathways and the infiltration levels of certain immune cells (e.g., CD8+ T cells; p < 0.05). Downregulated CDK6 mRNA and protein levels were observed in SCLC (p < 0.05, SMD = − 0.90). CDK6 allowed the identification of SCLC status (AUC = 0.91) and predicted a favorable prognosis for SCLC patients (p < 0.05). CDK6 may be a novel biomarker for the prediction and prognosis of several cancers, including SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes have been widely studied and employed due to their potent mineralization capacity for pollutants. However, the intricate reaction mechanisms of these processes pose limitations for fitting and predicting performance. In this study, we comprehensively derived and assessed neural networks for three advanced oxidation methods: catalytic oxidation, catalytic wet air oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation. Our analysis encompassed multilayer perceptron principles, forward and back propagation process, strategies for handling overfitting, and performance evaluation matrices. Additionally, we utilized Bayesian optimization to probe the impact of network architecture on outcomes. Two conventional methods, multiple linear regression and response surface methodology, are employed for comparison. Our results demonstrate that neural networks exhibit more robust performance in fitting and predicting advanced oxidation processes as indicated by statistical indicators. Importantly, we tackle the "black box" issue of neural networks by incorporating the shapley additive explanations interpretable model of game theory to elucidate the impact of advanced oxidation features on outcomes. The superior performance of explainable artificial intelligence techniques implies their vast potential for broad applications in environmental science and technology. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Layered transition metal oxides have the greatest potential for commercial application as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, transition metal oxides inevitably undergo an irreversible oxygen loss process during cycling, which leads to structural changes in the material and ultimately to severe capacity degradation. In this work, using density function theory (DFT) calculations, the Ni-O bond is revealed to be the weakest of the M−O bonds, which may lead to structural failure. Herein, the synergistic surface CeO 2 modification and the trace doping of Ce elements stimulate oxygen redox and improve its reversibility, thus improving the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. Theoretical calculations prove that Na 0.67 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.2 Co 0.1 O 2 (MNC) obtains electrons from CeO 2 , avoiding destruction of the Ni-O bond by over-energy released during the charging process and inhibiting oxygen loss. The capacity retention was 77.37% for 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1, compared to 33.84% for the unmodified Na 0.67 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.2 Co 0.1 O 2. Overall, the present work demonstrates that the synergistic effect of surface coating and doping is an effective strategy for realizing tuning oxygen release and high electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes is widely used for the identification of microbes in complex samples, but it suffers from some limitations resulting in the weak or even absence of fluorescence signals of microbe(s), which may lead to the underestimation or misunderstanding of a microbial community. Herein, we explored symbionts in the bacteriomes and fat bodies of cicadas using modified FISH, aiming to improve this technique. We initially revealed that the probes of Candidatus Sulcia muelleri (Sulcia) and the yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) are suitable for detection of these symbionts in all cicadas and some other species of Auchenorrhyncha, whereas the probe of Candidatus Hodgkinia cicadicola (Hodgkinia) is only suitable for detection of Hodgkinia in a few cicada species. The fluorescence signal of Sulcia, Hodgkinia and YLS exhibited weak intensity without the addition of unlabeled oligonucleotides (helpers) and heat shock in some cicadas; however, it can be significantly improved by the addition of both helpers and heat shock. Results of this study suggest that heat shock denaturing rRNA and proteins of related microbe(s) together with helpers binding to the adjacent region of the probe's target sites prevent the re-establishment of the native secondary structure of rRNA; therefore, suitable probe(s) can more easily access to the probe's target sites of rRNA. Our results provide new information for the significant improvement of hybridization signal intensities of microbes in the FISH experiment, making it possible to achieve a more precise understanding of the microbial distribution, community and density in complex samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We did 194 epochs of simultaneous 2.25/8.60 GHz observations of XTE J1810−197 in 926 days shortly following its reactivation in 2018 with Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope (TMRT). Although its integrated profiles changed with both time and frequency during this period, they could be classified into 12 types according to phase areas of active radiation components. After MJD 59015, XTE J1810−197 turned from the normal emission state into the spiky emission state that was manifesting as a series of bright narrow sub-pulse bursts at both 2.25 and 8.60 GHz. Due to its variable integrated profiles and unsteady rotations, we got the spin frequency ν and spin-frequency derivatives ν ̇ with the piecewise fitting method. In addition, its long-term declining trend of ν was also obtained as ν ̇ = − 3.2 (1) × 10 − 13 s−2 with the linear fitting method based on our observations spanning a comparatively longer period. We found its flux densities went through three stages: sharp decrease, stabilization, and day-to-day fluctuations in our dual-frequency observations. Although the flux density showed different stages, XTE J1810−197 showed a relatively flat spectrum (α > –1) in most observations. Assuming an ideal dipole magnetic field as some previous research works, we obtained the emission heights of XTE J1810−197 were about 7.5(9) × 104 km and 2.38(7) × 104 km at 2.25 and 8.60 GHz, respectively. We also found that its emission heights would decrease rapidly with the degree of magnetic field twisting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying proteomics data of the human brain could offer numerous insights into unraveling the signature of resilience to Alzheimer's disease. In our previous study with rigorous cohort selection criteria that excluded 4 common comorbidities, we harnessed multiple brain regions from 43 research participants with 12 of them displaying cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Based on the previous findings, this work focuses on 6 proteins out of the 33 differentially expressed proteins associated with resilience to Alzheimer's disease. These proteins are used to construct a decision tree classifier, enabling the differentiation of 3 groups: (i) healthy control, (ii) resilience to Alzheimer's disease, and (iii) Alzheimer's disease with dementia. Our analysis unveiled 2 important regional proteomic markers: Aβ peptides in the hippocampus and PA1B3 in the inferior parietal lobule. These findings underscore the potential of using distinct regional proteomic markers as signatures in characterizing the resilience to Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(F,G) Apoptotic cell populations determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining after co-incubation with NC@PDA-NH2, NC, or free imatinib in TC-1 cells (E) or SiHa cells (G). (D,E) In vitro cytotoxicity of NC@PDA-NH2, NC, or free imatinib after 48 h of co-incubation in TC-1 cells (D) or SiHa cells (E). (B) Flow cytometry analysis on the fluorescent intensity of cells after co-incubation for 2 h with C6-labeled NC@PDA-NH2, NC, or free probe in TC-1 cells. [Extracted from the article]

S–modified MXene (Ti3C2Tx@S–5) was prepared to improve the catalytic activity of MXene in the electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Here, S groups in the form of Ti–S and S–O species were anchored onto MXene, resulting in superior conductivity and surface activity. Ti3C2Tx@S–5 exhibited an excellent performance of 100% TC degradation under the conditions of 25 °C, a pH of 6, a TC concentration of 10 mg L−1, and an applied current of 20 mA. Radical quenching and EPR analyses revealed that ·O2− and 1O2 played dominant roles in Ti3C2Tx@S–5 and Ti3C2Tx systems. Furthermore, S modification promoted the triggering of ·OH and active chlorine, which contributed to the acceleration of TC degradation. The involvement of these active substances in degradation pathways was further proven. This research advances the S modification of MXene and improves TC degradation by promoting the triggering of ·OH and active chlorine, broadening the applicability of MXene material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation The interactions between T-cell receptors (TCR) and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) are essential for the adaptive immune system. However, identifying these interactions can be challenging due to the limited availability of experimental data, sequence data heterogeneity, and high experimental validation costs. Results To address this issue, we develop a novel computational framework, named MIX-TPI, to predict TCR–pMHC interactions using amino acid sequences and physicochemical properties. Based on convolutional neural networks, MIX-TPI incorporates sequence-based and physicochemical-based extractors to refine the representations of TCR–pMHC interactions. Each modality is projected into modality-invariant and modality-specific representations to capture the uniformity and diversities between different features. A self-attention fusion layer is then adopted to form the classification module. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of MIX-TPI in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. MIX-TPI also shows good generalization capability on mutual exclusive evaluation datasets and a paired TCR dataset. Availability and implementation The source code of MIX-TPI and the test data are available at: https://github.com/Wolverinerine/MIX-TPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the acceleration of charged particles by ultra-relativistic shocks using test-particle Monte Carlo simulations. Two field configurations are considered: (i) shocks with uniform upstream magnetic field in the plane of the shock, and (ii) shocks in which the upstream magnetic field has a cylindrical geometry. Particles are assumed to diffuse in angle due to frequent non-resonant scattering on small-scale fields. The steady-state distribution of particles' Lorentz factors is shown to approximately satisfy d N /dγ ∝ γ−2.2 provided the particle motion is scattering dominated on at least one side of the shock. For scattering dominated transport, the acceleration rate scales as t acc ∝  t 1/2, though recovers Bohm scaling t acc ∝  t if particles become magnetized on one side of the shock. For uniform field configurations, a limiting energy is reached when particles are magnetized on both sides of the shock. For the cylindrical field configuration, this limit does not apply, and particles of one sign of charge will experience a curvature drift that redirects particles upstream. For the non-resonant scattering model considered, these particles preferentially escape only when they reach the confinement limit determined by the finite system size, and the distribution approaches the escapeless limit d N /dγ ∝ γ−1. The cylindrical field configuration resembles that expected for jets launched by the Blandford & Znajek mechanism, the luminous jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts thus provide favourable sites for the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary restriction (DR) is cited as the most reliable means of extending life span in a wide range of taxa, yet the evolutionary basis of the DR effect on life span remains unclear. The resource reallocation hypothesis proposes that the longevity-extending response of DR is adaptive and stems from the reallocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance under food-limited conditions. However, if DR continues for multiple generations, such a response becomes maladaptive, and genotypes with higher fecundity should be selectively favored over genotypes with longer longevity. To test this prediction, we exposed replicate populations of the rotifer Brachionus dorcas , a model organism for aging and experimental evolution studies, to DR and ad-libitum (AL) diets for 100 days. During the selection experiment, AL-selected populations showed higher growth rates and mictic ratios than DR-selected populations. After approximately 27 asexual generations of selection, populations with a DR selection history had a higher net reproductive rate but lower body volume and ingestion rate in the absence of survival costs than populations with an AL selection history when they were assayed on an AL diet. Our results are inconsistent with the prediction that evolution on sustained DR increases reproduction and reduces life span, and show for the first time that sustained DR selects for clones with higher energy investment in reproduction but lower investment in somatic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We propose Spatial-Frequency feature encoder for pose estimation. • An evolving attention module is used to solve the environment-sensitive issue of Wifi. • We contribute the benchmark for Wifi-based 2D human pose estimation. Camera-based human pose estimation has become popular due to its wide applications and easy implementation. However, it is not applicable under several circumstances such as poor illumination, occlusion, and private protection. In this work, we utilize Wifi signals to estimate 2D human poses, which is challenging because Wifi signals are abstract and contain limited information. To address these challenges, we develop an evolving attentive spatial-frequency network to discover the relationship between signal variation and body movement for Wifi-based 2D human pose estimation. By first taking dilated CSI sequences as inputs, a spatial-frequency encoder is then introduced to effectively integrate static spatial information and dynamic frequency information from CSI signals. Finally, we design an evolving attention module to enable our model to attend to certain channels of features. Due to a lack of benchmarks, we propose two Wifi-based human pose estimation datasets, the General Pose Estimation dataset (GPE) and Specific Pose Estimation dataset (SPE), which have been released as a public download at project page. Extensive experiments on the proposed datasets show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art method by at least 16% in terms of P C K @ 20 (percentage of correct keypoints). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sanctions for prohibited behavior in Vinaya texts are based on the precepts. It is, however, in the padabhājaniya (commentaries on the prātimokṣa) and the vinītaka (case-law sections) that these sanctions are further developed and explained. In the Vinayas, intention (the monk's motivations while committing an act), action (the action that the monk carried out), and outcome (the effect of this action on others) are generally understood to be the three factors that affect the sanctioning principles. Intention is considered the most essential factor because a monk who has performed, without motivation, a negligent action is often declared innocent in the Vinayas. However, some scholars argue that the requirement of intention pertains only to misdemeanors, not to serious offenses, and is not an overriding factor. This article investigates the logic informing the sanctions concerning intention, action, and outcome in the vibhaṅgas for the four pārājikas, including the precepts, the padabhājaniya, and the vinītaka. It is shown that this principle of conviction in fact applies to serious offenses as well as misdemeanors, although there are exceptions, such as cases in which the monk is forced to commit adultery (by being raped), etc. Although the precepts and their associated sanctions vary considerably, this article argues that an underlying logic informs them. This paper provides a typology for these sanctions by investigating the four pārājikas of the Vinayas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two biofilters (BFs) for treating ethyl acetate (EA) were constructed with magnetite, activated carbon, perlite and gravel added via layered filling (BF1) or mixed filling (BF2). This study demonstrated the effect of filling method on the degradation of EA and the microbial community in the BFs. The results indicated that the EA removal efficiency (RE) of BF1 and BF2 reached 86.3 ± 3.0 % and 88.9 ± 2.1 %, respectively, under low inlet load (L-IL; (224 g/(m3·h)). Meanwhile, BF2 exhibited stabler RE than BF1 at high IL. BF1 achieved the highest REs of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) under moderate inlet load (M-IL; 336 g/(m3·h)), with average values of 95.8 ± 3.5 %, 83.4 ± 0.4 %, and 85.7 ± 0.3 %, respectively. The removal of TP, TN and NH 4 +-N in BF2 was superior than BF1 at L -IL and M-IL condition. Moreover, the genera Burkholderia , Acinetobacter , unclassified_Rhizobiales and unclassified_Burkholderiales were the dominant EA-degrading bacteria in BF1, while the EA-degrading bacteria in BF2 were dominated by unclassified_Chloroflexi , unclassified_Bacteroidetes and unclassified_Anaerolineaceae. Furthermore, the mechanism investigation of the mechanism revealed that the types of filling method affect EA degradation by shifting the abundance and diversity of key microorganisms in biodegradation. This study provides an effective strategy for improving the biodegradation efficiency of volatile organic compounds VOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the correlation between the fibrinogen combined with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (F‐NLR) and the clinicopathologic features of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent radical resection. Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of 289 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical resection. The patients were stratified into three groups based on F‐NLR as follows: patients with low NLR and fibrinogen were group A, patients with high NLR or fibrinogen were group B, and patients with high NLR and fibrinogen were group C. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index were used to determine the cutoff value of the NLR and fibrinogen. Survival curves were described by Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log‐rank test. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A value of 3.19 was taken as the optimal cutoff value of NLR in this study. A value of 309 was used as the optimal cutoff value of fibrinogen. Cox multivariate analysis showed that tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) stage and F‐NLR were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival rate of patients. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group A were 99.2%, 96.6%, and 95.0%, respectively. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group B were 98.4%, 76.6%, and 63.2%, respectively. The first‐, third‐, and fifth‐year survival rates in group C were 91.3%, 41.1%, and 22.8%, respectively. F‐NLR was significantly correlated with overall survival in patients with NSCLC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The F‐NLR level is markedly related to the prognosis of patients with NSCLC undergoing radical surgery. Therefore, closer attention should be given to patients with NSCLC with a high F‐NLR before surgery to provide postoperative adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9,9-Bis(4-iodophenyl)xanthene (BIPX) was prepared in good yield by the sequential diazotization–iodination of 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)xanthene with a KI/NaNO2/p-TsOH system in acetonitrile at room temperature. A series of novel aromatic polyamides (PAs) were prepared by a carbonylation polymerization of BIPX, aromatic diamines and carbon monoxide in DMAc with Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 as the catalyst in the presence of PPh3 and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene (DBU). The resulting PAs bearing inherent viscosity of 0.65–0.75 dL/g were amorphous and readily soluble in organic polar solvents such as NMP, DMF, DMAc, DMSO and Py. These new PAs exhibited good thermal stability with glass-transition temperature of 241–359 °C, 10% weight loss temperature of 480–492 °C and char yield of 47.8–56.7% at 800 °C in nitrogen. Meanwhile, all obtained PAs exhibited low water uptake of 0.98–2.37%, and their transparent, tough and flexible films presented high optical transparency with a cutoff wavelength in the 322–370 nm range and had the tensile strength in the range of 73.4–83.4 MPa, elongation at breakage of 6.7–13.8% and tensile modulus of 1.6–2.2 GPa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sexual dimorphism widely exists in animals and is reflected in different forms; of these, body mass dimorphism is the most prominent. Studies on the development and adaptation mechanism of sexual dimorphism in body mass can help us to understand how animals adapt to their environment via sexual dimorphism. As this has not been widely reported in Rhinopithecus, this study explores the ontogenetic development pattern of sexual dimorphism in the body mass of R. bieti, and interprets the causes resulting in extreme sexual dimorphism. The results showed that a significant dimorphism appears when females enter the reproductive period, reaching the maximum when males are mature for reproduction. It was determined that a period of decline begins after 8 years of age, and that males had a longer growth period than females. The large sexual dimorphism in body mass in R. bieti can be explained by both Bergmann's and Rensch's rules; however, the females' choice for males may not be significantly related to it. Overall, environmental adaptation, a distinctive alimentary system, and complex social structure have allowed R. bieti to have remarkable sexual dimorphism in body mass compared to other colobines. This study will undoubtedly highlight the same issues on the other 26 primate species in China, particularly the colobines, which will enrich research designs and enlarge research focus on China's primatology. Sexual dimorphism exists widely in animals, manifesting in different forms, such as body size, color, shape, unique characteristics, behavior, and sound. Of these, body mass dimorphism is the most obvious. Studies of evolutionary and ontogenetic development and adaptation mechanisms of animals' sexual dimorphism in body mass (SDBM), allow us to understand how environment, social group size, diet, and other external factors have driven the selection of sexual dimorphism. There are fewer reports of the ontogenetic development of sexual dimorphism in body mass in Rhinopithecus. This study explores the ontogenetic development pattern of SDBM in wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (R. bieti), and the causes resulting in extreme sexual dimorphism compared to other colobines. A significant dimorphism with a ratio of 1.27 (p < 0.001) appears when females enter the reproductive period around six years old, reaching a peak (1.85, p < 0.001) when males become sexually mature. After the age of eight, the SDBM falls to 1.78, but is still significant (p < 0.001). The results also indicate that males had a longer body mass growth period than females (8 years vs. 5 years); females in larger breeding units had a significantly higher SDBM than those in smaller ones (2.12 vs. 1.93, p < 0.01). A comparative analysis with other colobines further clarifies that Rhinopithecus and Nasalis, which both have multilevel social organization, have the highest degree of SDBM among all colobines. The large SDBM in R. bieti can be explained through Bergman's and Rensch's rules. Overall, environmental adaptation, a distinctive alimentary system, and a complex social structure contribute to R. bieti having such a remarkable SDBM compared to other colobines. In addition, we found that females' choice for males may not be significantly related to the development of SDBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the activities of the chlorine-containing compounds B 1-4 b and the hybrid polyketide-non ribosomal peptide-derived compound B 5 b were described. To the best of our knowledge, with the exception of compounds B 11 b , B 23 b , and B 24 b , all the other compounds were isolated from I Tolypocladium i sp. for the first time. Compounds B 2 b and B 5 b could strongly inhibit the growth of I S. aureus i ATCC 25923, I S. argenteus i DSM 28299, I B. subtilis i ATCC 6633, and I A. baumanii i ATCC 19606, while compounds B 1 b and B 3 b showed weak inhibition activities. Twenty-six compounds were isolated from the culture of strain YFCC1805002, the chemical structure of these isolated compounds were elucidated by comparing their spectral data including 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS with those reported in the literature. [Extracted from the article]

Background. Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system. However, the inherited genetic variation in gliomas is presently unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the association of the rs2071559 and rs2239702 gene polymorphisms with glioma susceptibility in Chinese patients. Methods. In this study, a case-control approach was used to compare and analyze whether two genes, rs2071559 and rs2239702, were associated with the risk of glioma formation. Results. The cases and controls were matched for sex, smoking status, and family history of cancer using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Specific rs2071559 and rs2239702 alleles were found much more frequently in the glioma group than in the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Conclusions. These findings suggest that specific rs2071559 and rs2239702 polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of glioma development; the risk allele is C in rs2071559 or A in rs2239702. Moreover, the kinase-insert-domain-containing receptor may act as a suppressor of tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that impairs memory, thinking, language, and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest of tasks. Tau protein, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, is considered a key mediator of AD pathogenesis. The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and circulating tau remains unclear. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the relationship between OSA and circulating tau via quantitative analysis. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were performed. The mean values of circulating total tau (T‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (P‐tau) in OSA and control groups were extracted. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by using a random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model. Results: A total of seven studies comprising 233 controls and 306 OSA patients were included in this study. The meta‐analysis showed that the circulating T‐tau level was significantly higher in OSA patients than those in the control group (SMD = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.594 to 2.044, z = 3.56, p <.001). OSA patients also had significantly higher circulating P‐tau level than control group (SMD = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.564, z = 3.04, p =.002). Conclusions: The present meta‐analysis demonstrated that both circulating T‐tau and P‐tau levels were significantly increased in OSA subjects when compared with non‐OSA subjects. Larger sample‐size studies on the association between OSA and circulating tau are still required to further validate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting light absorption range of photocatalysts is of great significance to improve solar light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, a new viologen‐based multicomponent heterotrimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb)12][FeIII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐14) with an unprecedented (6, 18)‐connected she‐d topology is presented. Upon UV irradiation, this MOF undergoes ligand and iron photoreduction, and a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to generate persistent radical‐containing MOF [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb•)12][FeII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐15). This radical‐containing MOF shows excellent stability without fading after at least 2 months in air. Besides extending the photoabsorption to a wider wavelength range covering from 200 to 2,500 nm, the generation of persistent radical in IHEP‐15 also largely enhances its CO2 adsorption capacity by a factor of three due to the strong affinity between π orbital of the radical and the π system of CO2. These attributes endow IHEP‐15 with excellent visible/NIR light‐driven CO2 photoreduction activity, with CO production rates under visible and NIR irradiation of 570.3 and 209.3 µmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Notably, the latter is a record high for NIR‐induced CO production among all MOFs reported so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with the feature of estrogen dependence and inflammation. The function of autophagy and the correlation with inflammation were not yet revealed. Methods: Autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was referred to analyze the expression of autophagy‐related genes. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression was examined by qRT‐PCR and Western Blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the expression of proteins in tissues. The mouse model of endometriosis was performed to analyze the autophagic activity and effect of LXA4. Results: The expression of autophagy‐related genes in endometriotic lesions were unusually changed. The number of autophagosomes and LC3B‐II expression was diminished, and p62 was increased in ectopic lesions from both patients and mice. Interleukin 1β (IL1β) attenuated the expression of LC3B and promoted the level p62. The autophagy activator MG‐132 upregulated the expression of LC3B and reduced IL1β, IL6, and p62. LXA4 reversed the inhibitory effect of IL1β on the expression of LC3B and p62, and blocking the receptor of LXA4 AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) resulted in the incapacitation of LXA4 to influence the effect of IL1β. LXA4 depressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR to against IL1β, and blocking AhR negatively regulated the effect of LXA4 on AKT/mTOR pathway. LXA4 reduced the ectopic lesions and the expression of IL1β and p62, but enhanced LC3B‐II in endometriotic mouse models. Conclusion: In endometriosis, increased inflammation of ectopic lesions prominently depresses autophagy. LXA4 could regulate autophagy by suppressing inflammatory response through AhR/AKT/mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional symbionts of sap-sucking auchenorrhynchan insects of Hemiptera are usually confined to the bacteriomes and/or fat bodies. Knowledge is limited about the distribution of microbial symbionts in other organs. We investigated the distribution of obligate symbionts in the salivary glands, gut tissues, reproductive organs, bacteriomes, and fat bodies of two cicada species, Karenia caelatata and Tanna sp., using integrated methods, including a modified fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, which can greatly enhance the FISH signal intensity of related symbionts. We revealed that Candidatus Sulcia muelleri (Sulcia) and a yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) were harbored in the bacteriomes and fat bodies, respectively. Both of Sulcia and YLS can be transmitted to the offspring via ovaries, forming a "symbiont ball" in each egg. Neither Sulcia nor YLS were harbored in the salivary glands, gut tissues and testes. Phylogenetic trees of both Sulcia and cicadas confirm that K. caelatata is a member of the tribe Dundubiini, and the tribe Leptopsaltriini that comprises Ta. sp. is not monophyletic. YLS of K. caelatata is embedded inside the lineage of YLS of Dundubiini, whereas YLS of Ta. sp. is closely related to the clade comprising both cicada-parasitizing fungi Ophiocordyceps and YLS of Mogannia conica and Meimuna mongolica, suggesting an evolutionary replacement of YLS in Ta. sp. from an Ophiocordyceps fungus to another Ophiocordyceps fungus. Our results provide new insights into the symbiosis between Cicadidae and related symbionts. Modification through the addition of helpers and heat shock greatly enhanced the FISH signal intensity of YLS, which may provide guidelines for enhancement of the hybridization signal intensity of other symbiont(s) in the FISH experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of CO2 on the rheology and filtration loss of high-density potassium polysulfonate drilling fluid systems were studied, as well as the law of the contamination and the mechanism of contamination, on the performance of the systems after they are contaminated by CO2 in the one of natural gas area in southwest China and run out of control. The results show that there is a critical value of CO2 contamination: 5 932 mg/L for CO32- and 7 874 mg/L for HCO3-. When it is less than the critical value, CO2 can precipitate Ca2+ and promote hydration and dispersion, the clay dispersion state changes from coarse dispersion to fine dispersion, the particles become smaller, the Zeta potential increases, and the colloid stability of the drilling fluid is enhanced. After passing the critical value, the viscous shear increases sharply and the filtration loss becomes severely out of control. It has been shown that excessive CO2 pollution causes clay particles to aggregate, shifting from a fine dispersion state to a flocculation state, large clay particles form card-house structures, filter cake leakage channels increase, and colloid stability becomes worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ni sites in Ni-MOF lead to the generation of free radicals (•OH and O 2 •-). • Ligands of Ni-MOF and rGO basement induce the production of 1O 2 and active chlorine. • The electron transfer orientation in Ni-MOF/rGO composite was from rGO to Ni-MOF. The highly conductive Ni–metal–organic framework/reduced graphene oxide (Ni-MOG/rGO) heterostructure shows an excellent catalytic activity through the modification of active sites, considerably enabling the electron transfer between rGO and Ni-MOF. However, the detailed mechanisms, i.e., the functions of separate metal sites and organic ligands and electron transfer orientation between Ni-MOFs and rGO, remain to be discussed. Here, the electrocatalytic mechanism of Ni-MOF/rGO was experimentally analyzed on the basis of the density functional theory. The dominant active sites of radical and nonradical generation were determined. Findings indicated that radicals (O 2 •− and •OH) and nonradicals (1O 2 and active chlorine) contributed to paracetamol (APAP) degradation. Moreover, metal sites (Ni) were favorable to generate O 2 •− and partly •OH to initiate the reaction. By contrast, organic frameworks in Ni-MOF and rGO basement favored to generate •OH and nonradicals (1O 2 and active chlorine). In this case, N sites (in Ni-MOF), which seized electrons from Ni sites, acted as the primary bonding bridge to accelerate the electron transfer from rGO to Ni-MOF. This study provided essential information to decipher the mechanism of Ni-MOF/rGO heterostructure applicable to the electrocatalytic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scylla paramamosain is an importantly economical mariculture crab. To figure out the optimized conditions in the culture of juvenile crabs, three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of diet, salinity and light condition on the growth performance (body weight gain, BWG; carapace width gain, CWG; carapace length gain, CLG) and moulting cycle (MC) of crablets from V to VII stages. The growth performances of the crablets from stages V–VII have no significant differences after feeding different diets. However, the MC of crablet V fed Artemia or mixed fish were significantly shorter than that fed artificial diet. The CLG of crablet VI in salinity 25‰ was significantly higher than that in salinity 15‰, while the CWG and CLG of crablet VII in salinity 15‰ were significantly higher than that in salinity 5‰. The MC of the crablets V–VI reared in salinity 25‰ and 15‰ were significantly shorter than that in salinity 5‰, while it was significantly shorter in salinity 25‰ than that in salinity 15‰ from crablets VI–VII. For light conditions, the BWG of crablet VI with full cover was significantly higher than that with half cover. Whereas, the MC of the crablets V and VI with full cover was significantly shorter than that without cover or half cover. These findings indicated that crablet V and VI may prefer to exposing to 25‰ salinity and dark environment and feeding on Artemia for faster growth. Thus, the current findings may serve as a guide for establishing appropriate conditions in the aquaculture of juvenile mud crabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent dynamics in systems out of equilibrium, particularly those characterized by annihilation and creation of topological defects, is known to involve complicated spatiotemporal processes and is deemed difficult to control. Here the complex dynamics of defects in active smectic layers exposed to strong confinements is explored, through self-propulsion of active particles and a variety of confining geometries with different topology, ranging from circular, flower-shaped epicycloid, to hypocycloid cavities, channels, and rings. We identify a wealth of dynamical behaviors during the evolution of complex spatiotemporal defect patterns as induced by the confining shape and topology, particularly a perpetual creation-annihilation dynamical state at intermediate activity with large fluctuations of topological defects and a controllable transition from oscillatory to damped time correlation of defect number density via mechanisms governed by boundary cusps. Our results are obtained by using an active phase field crystal approach. Possible experimental realizations are also discussed. It is intriguing but challenging to control the complex dynamics of topological defects that emerge in nonequilibrium spatiotemporal systems. Through an effective modelling this work explores a viable way to controllably vary the properties of persistent defect dynamics in self-propelled active smectics via the competition of activity and boundary confinements with different topology and geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluorescence intensity of inorganic CsPbBr3 (CPB) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) decreases in the presence of O2. In this study, we synthesized CPB NCs with various shapes and sizes for use as optical gas sensing materials. We fabricated O2 gas sensors from the various CPB NCs on several porous and nonporous substrates and examined the effects of the NC shapes and aggregate sizes and the substrate pore size on the device response. Our sensor fabricated from CPB nanocrystals on a porous substrate exhibited the highest response; the porous substrate allowed the rapid diffusion of O2 such that the NC surface was exposed effectively to the gas. Thus, the interfacial interaction between NC surfaces and substrates is a critical factor for consideration when preparing gas sensors with a high response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the diseases of the digestive system, the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) has increased. Although the AP is primarily self-limited, mortality remains high when it progressed to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Despite significant advances in new drug development, treatments for AP are not ideal. Here, we discovered a novel hydroxycinnamic acid, sinapic acid (SA), which is widely distributed in plants and is an effective treatment for AP. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that pretreatment with SA ameliorated cerulein-induced pancreatic damage and inflammation and inhibited the activation of Caspase-1 and Caspase-11, which mediate pyroptosis of pancreatic acinar cells during AP. These effects may occur through the inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation and downregulation of NF- κ B. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic effects and reveal the underlying mechanisms of SA, which warrants its further study as an effective treatment for AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the application of time-to-event analysis in machine learning prognostic models in the field of medicine. It highlights the importance of using survival analysis, a statistical method that considers partially observed data and censoring, to develop accurate prognostic models. The article criticizes the simplistic transformation of outcomes into categorical variables and the use of ML classification techniques without considering censored data, which can introduce bias and compromise the validity of the models. The authors recommend the use of the "scikit-survival" Python module for incorporating survival analysis into machine learning models and emphasize the need for careful consideration of censoring and time-to-event analysis principles. [Extracted from the article]

Motivation The associations between biomarkers and human diseases play a key role in understanding complex pathology and developing targeted therapies. Wet lab experiments for biomarker discovery are costly, laborious and time-consuming. Computational prediction methods can be used to greatly expedite the identification of candidate biomarkers. Results Here, we present a novel computational model named GTGenie for predicting the biomarker–disease associations based on graph and text features. In GTGenie, a graph attention network is utilized to characterize diverse similarities of biomarkers and diseases from heterogeneous information resources. Meanwhile, a pretrained BERT-based model is applied to learn the text-based representation of biomarker–disease relation from biomedical literature. The captured graph and text features are then integrated in a bimodal fusion network to model the hybrid entity representation. Finally, inductive matrix completion is adopted to infer the missing entries for reconstructing relation matrix, with which the unknown biomarker–disease associations are predicted. Experimental results on HMDD, HMDAD and LncRNADisease data sets showed that GTGenie can obtain competitive prediction performance with other state-of-the-art methods. Availability The source code of GTGenie and the test data are available at: https://github.com/Wolverinerine/GTGenie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion-induced noise is the main noise that restricts the communication of deeply submerged submarines at extremely low frequencies (ELFs). In this article, a model for analyzing motion-induced noise is established in the context of a long cylindrical antenna towed by a submarine. The model proposed assumes that the antenna vibration caused by vortex obeys Poisson distribution in time and space. The factors involved in the noise generation, such as the speed of the submarine, the length of the towed cable, the transverse motion of the antenna, the pressure of the boundary layer, and the variation of pressure fluctuations with time and space, are further considered in the model. Finally, the derived noise power spectrum from our model shows agreement with the measured data, and has advantages than the result derived from previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • H 2 O 2 generated from PMS is critical precursors of 1O 2. • Co sites in ZIF-L@Fe 28 denote all 1O 2 , SO 4 ·−, ⋅O 2 −, ·OH and H 2 O 2 generation. • Fe sites prefer 1O 2 and H 2 O 2 generation via PMS*→H 2 O 2 →1O 2 pathway. Verifying the role of H 2 O 2 is a critical challenge for deepening the understanding of the mechanism of peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this research, Co, Fe bimetallic organometallic frameworks (ZIF-L@Fe 28) were prepared, and their ultrahigh activities via H 2 O 2 generation at Fe and Co sites were experimentally and theoretically verified. The important contribution of H 2 O 2 to 1O 2 production was identified through the quantifications of the mutual transformation of active species. Co sites were identified as the most active positions for PMS activation because of they strongly triggered 1O 2 , SO 4 ·−, ⋅O 2 −, ·OH, and H 2 O 2. However, the self-quenching of active species suppressed the efficiency and selectivity of 1O 2 generation at Co sites. In contrast to Co sites, Fe sites had selective preference for H 2 O 2 generation, and the transformation of H 2 O 2 to 1O 2 further enhanced the performance of ZIF-L@Fe 28. The supplementary discussion from the perspective of H 2 O 2 will enable the further application of the PMS activation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of vaporizing water within the biogas-driven CCHP system based on chemical recuperation, a significant temperature disparity in heat transfer exists, leading to increased irreversible loss, and the methane conversion rate is low because the gas turbine exhaust gas is difficult to drive efficient methane conversion. This paper proposed a novel biogas-driven CCHP system based on chemical reinjection. Through the reinjection of a portion of the exhaust gas into the reactor, a self-thermal reforming reaction process is engineered, leading to a substantial enhancement in methane conversion rate. The heat matching of the heat exchange unit is optimized by the reheat air, and the power generation and cooling capacity of the system are improved. Notably, the electricity and cooling generation of the new system increased by 55.52 kW (6.20 %) and 542.49 kW (101.49 %), respectively, while the exergy efficiency increased by 8.31 %. The study delves into the influence of key parameters on the system thermal performance. During the reforming process, the exhaust gas split ratio has a significant impact on carbon deposition and methane conversion. When the methane is nearly completely converted, there is no significant change in electricity generation of the system. Excessive turbine inlet temperature is found to be unfavorable for improving the exergy efficiency of the new system from a holistic system perspective. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of the thermal performance between the new system and the reference system is conducted under various ambient temperatures. This study offer a new design scheme for the efficient utilization of biogas. • A novel biogas-driven CCHP system based on chemical reinjection is proposed. • Partial exhaust gas reinjection for self-heating of biogas reforming reaction. • The thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increased by 28.39 % and 8.31 % in the new system. • The system is subjected to parameter analysis in combination with carbon deposition analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]