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Background: Solute carrier family 35 member A2 (SLC35A2) located on the X chromosome is considered involved in the UDP-galactose transport from cytosol to Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. It has been reported that the SLC35A2 expression is associated with carcinogenesis in recent studies, however, its specific roles in cancer progression have not been exhaustively elucidated. Herein, a system analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of SLC35A2 in prognostic, and immunology in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods: The TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier Plotter were employed to explore the SLC35A2 expression pattern and prognostic value in STAD. Genomic alterations were searched through the MEXPRESS and cBioPortal platforms. The LinkedOmics, GEPIA and Metascape databases were employed to explore the biological processes. The TIMER and TISIDB websites were utilized to investigate the relationships between SLC35A2 expression and immune cell infiltration. The associations between SLC35A2 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) in pan-cancer were explored using the SangerBox database. Results: Compared to the normal gastric mucosa, SLC35A2 expression was significantly increased in STAD tissues, accompanied by the robust relationships with tumor grade, histological subtypes, TP53 mutation status, TMB and prognosis. SLC35A2 and its co-expression genes played the primarily roles in purine metabolism and purinosome, including the asparagine N-linked glycosylation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, with the potential to participate in the regulation of VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Concurrently, SLC35A2 expression was correlated with macrophages and CD4+T lymphocytes infiltration in STAD. Conclusions: Our study has proposed that SLC35A2 correlated with immune cell infiltration could serve as a prognostic biomarker in STAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total mesorectal resection (TME) has become the standard surgical procedure for resection of colorectal cancer tumors. We presented a systematic meta-analysis to evaluate the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic TME surgery with preservation or nonpreservation of both the superior rectum artery (SRA) and left colonic artery (LCA) for upper-rectal and sigmoid colon cancers. Methods: The comparative studies were systematically searched on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to April 2021. Primary outcomes were oncology outcomes. And secondary outcomes involved surgical outcomes of interest and postoperative recovery. Results: Five relevant studies with a total of 761 patients undergoing laparoscopic TME surgery were eligible for meta-analysis. Three hundred seven patients received TME with preservation of both SRA and LCA (Group A), and 454 received TME surgery alone (Group B), respectively. Our results indicated that Group A had a less total postoperative complications (P = .000), lower anastomotic leakage rate (P = .002), shorter length of stay (P = .008), and longer operative time (P = .002). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of lymph node dissections (P = .188), intraoperative bleeding (P = .474), the first postoperative defecation (P = .943), recurrence rate (P = .547), and conversive rate (P = .504). Conclusions: Based on our meta-analysis, laparoscopic TME surgery with preservation of both the SRA and LCA for upper-rectal and sigmoid colon cancers may significantly receive better clinical and surgical outcomes. More well-designed large sample studies are required to replicate the short-term benefits and long-term oncologic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) has been increasing, but its feasibility and safety have not been well documented for thyroidectomy. Hence, to systematically investigate the comparative outcomes during 3D-ET and 2-dimensional (2D) ET for benign and malignant lesions, we conducted this meta-analysis. Methods: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic database search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Wanfang databases was performed. The eligible studies were published in English and Chinese up to October 2020. The major endpoints evaluated were procedure time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative complications, total number of lymph node dissections (LNDs), and total cost. Results: A total of 15 relevant studies including 1190 patients (583 for 3D-ET and 607 for 2D-ET) compared the application of 3D and 2D laparoscopic systems in thyroid surgery, of which 8 were endoscopic benign thyroidectomy (EBT) and 7 were endoscopic malignant thyroidectomy (EMT). Our meta-analysis indicated that 3D-ET generally had advantages over 2D-ET in terms of procedure time (P = 0.000), blood loss (P = 0.000), postoperative drainage (P = 0.000), postoperative complications (P = 0.000), and LNDs (P = 0.006). However, there were no significant differences between the two systems in terms of total cost (P = 0.245) or postoperative hospitalization (P = 0.068). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of the overall outcomes in each subset, but a shorter postoperative hospitalization in 3D-EBT was revealed. Conclusions: Compared to 2D-ET, 3D endoscopic thyroidectomy is an efficient, safe, and reliable method with better depth perception and stereoscopic vision, and an equally satisfactory outcome. More clinical RCTs with long-term follow-up are required to reproduce these promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A T4B hepatic flexure of colon cancer that had invaded the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas/duodenum was removed through a D3 expanded right hemicolectomy + pancreaticoduodenectomy +sectional VI and VII hepatic segmentectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A polyhydroxy cationic viscoelastic surfactant with excellent salt and temperature tolerance was synthesized. • The salt tolerance mechanism was analyzed from the molecular structure and intermolecular interaction. • The degree of temperature-response depends on the type of salt and its concentration. • The effects of salt and its concentration on temperature tolerance were analyzed from the molecular thermal motion. In this study, we designed and synthesized a polyhydroxy cationic viscoelastic surfactant (SY-TO). Though the FT-IR, 1H NMR and surface tension methods characterize and determine the structures and critical micelle concentration. Through the test of apparent viscosity, viscoelastic, and microstructure observation, we study the salt tolerance of SY-TO. And for the salt tolerance mechanism, we explain it from the molecular structure and hydrophilic headgroup. Additionally, through the high temperature rheological tests, we studied the effects of salt and its concentration on the behavior of wormlike micelles (WLMs) at high temperatures. In particular, the effects of salt and its concentration on temperature-response are analyzed. More importantly, the effects of salt and its concentration on the high temperature stability of WLMs were analyzed from the perspective of molecular thermal motion. Through the research on the salt tolerance mechanism of hydrophilic headgroup and the analysis of the effect of salt on the high temperature stability of WLMs, we hope it will be conducive to promote the preparation and wide application of salt and temperature resistant clean fracturing fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydroxyl in the spacer intends to promote molecule aggregation and improve the surface activity of the Gemini surfactant. • The tighter double hydration layer helps to improve the salt resistance when wormlike micelles is formed. • More hydroxyl in the spacer leads to better elastic performance. The performance of Gemini cationic viscoelastic surfactant (VES) is affected by the spacer group, which is also the focus for developing the molecular structure design of high -performance clean fracturing fluid. In this study, we synthesized Gemini cationic VESs (VES-O, VES-DO, VES-TO) by introducing different number of hydroxyl groups in the spacer. The effect of the number of hydroxyl groups in the spacer on the performance of Gemini cationic VES was investigated using surface tension measurement, apparent viscosity and viscoelasticity tests in the presence of KCl. Further, the performance of clean fracturing fluids containing VES-O, VES-DO, and VES-TO were evaluated. We discovered that increasing numbers of hydroxyl groups in the spacer improves surfactant performance in fracturing fluid and high-elasticity fracturing fluids with low viscosity. This gives us ideas for future designs of high-performance clean fracturing fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare and analyze the incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis (RE) in patients with early- and intermediate-stage proximal gastric cancer after proximal gastrectomy plus esophagus-remnant stomach anterior wall anastomosis with proper spacing between the reserved anastomotic stoma and the stump of the remnant stomach versus total gastrectomy plus Roux-en-Y anastomosis and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these anastomosis approaches. Methods: Hospitalization data of 23 patients with early- and intermediate-stage proximal gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into an observation group who underwent proximal gastrectomy plus esophagus-remnant stomach anterior wall anastomosis with proper spacing between the reserved anastomotic stoma and the stump of the remnant stomach and a control group who underwent total gastrectomy plus Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Quality observation indicators were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the number of lymph nodes cleared or the recurrence rate at 12 months postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative RE was significantly lower in the observation group (25%) than in the control group (80%). The operation time, postoperative length of hospital stay, appetite change, body mass index, and hemoglobin level at 6 months postoperatively were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P < .05). Conclusion: Proximal gastrectomy plus esophagus-remnant stomach anterior wall anastomosis with proper spacing between the reserved anastomotic stoma and the stump of the remnant stomach can be used as a preferred surgical procedure for early- and mid-stage proximal gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The greater omentum has played a unique biological role in regenerative surgery. The aim of our study was to alter the anterior sacral structure by filling the anterior sacral space with the greater omentum and evaluate its effect on the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery for low rectal cancer. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with primary low rectal cancer who underwent TME and ileostomy closure in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2020. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between postoperative mesorectal fascia (MRF) thickness and LARS score. Subsequently, we prospectively used a tipped greater omental flap graft to reconstruct the anterior rectal sacral structures (MRF reconstruction) in 17 patients and compared LARS scores and rectal compliance (RC) at week 12 after closure of the ileostomy in both groups. Results: There were 47 patients with No-MRF reconstruction (31 males, mean age 60.68 ± 9.21 years) and 17 with MRF reconstruction (10 males, mean age 49.82 ± 14.74 years). Correlation analysis indicated that MRF thickness and RC were negatively correlated with LARS severity (p < 0.05). The LARS score of patients with MRF reconstruction at 12 weeks was significantly better than that of those with No-MRF reconstruction (32.97 ± 2.65 vs. 26.94 ± 1.52, p = 0.001), and the RC of MRF reconstruction were lower (2.80 ± 0.55 vs. 3.67 ± 0.38, p = 0.001). In addition, MRF reconstruction and No-MRF reconstruction have the similar incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.156). No hemorrhage or necrosis of the greater omentum flap was observed in any of the patients. Conclusions: Greater omentum flap transplantation can significantly improve the symptoms of LARS at 12 weeks after ileostomy closure and we expect it to become a new surgical procedure for the treatment of low rectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video S1 introduces the case of 39-year-old female patient in whom a pedicled greater omentum flap was transplanted into the posterior rectal space after TME + total ISR for ultra-low rectal cancer in order to relieve LARS. From the splenic curvature, the greater omentum was released and dissociated along the right side of the vascular arch of the greater omentum, and the vertical vessels and marginal vessels on the right side of the greater omentum were retained. Total mesorectal excision plus total intersphincteric resection combined with pedicled omentum flap transplantation - A video vignette. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To achieve excellent postoperative bowel function in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, it is important to reconstruct the digestive tract. The aim of this study is to preliminarily discuss the advantages of total proctocolectomy with straight ileoanal anastomosis (TPC-SIAA) plus pedicled omental transposition for FAP. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in two hospitals analysing data for FAP patients who underwent surgical treatments between 2015 and 2021. Perioperative outcomes and early and mid-term anal functions were analysed. Results: After excluding 4 patients who underwent total proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy, 10 patients were enrolled in the study. Among the 10 patients, 3 received TPC-SIAA plus pedicled omental transposition, 3 received total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (TPC-IPAA), and 4 received total colectomy with ileal pouch-rectal anastomosis (TC-IPRA). Except for one case conversion to laparotomy, laparoscopic surgery was performed for the other cases. The incidence of early postoperative complications was apparently higher with pouch anastomosis (57.1%) than straight anastomosis (0%). Frequencies of bowel movement and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score were higher for TPC-SIAA than the other two surgical procedures in the early term; over time, however, the frequencies of bowel movement and LARS score both showed a decreasing trend. In addition, combined with anorectal pressure detection and magnetic resonance imaging defecography at the 3rd month after TPC-SIAA plus pedicled omental transposition, defecation coordination was good. The dynamics and receptivity of the new rectum tended to be as expected. Conclusion: Although the three surgical procedures are safe and feasible surgical options for FAP, TPC-SIAA plus pedicled omental transposition is more consistent with intestinal physiology, with good intestinal compliance, and anal function tended to be as expected over time. Nevertheless, more extensive studies are needed to confirm these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RAFT-based synthesis of salt-resistant hydrophobic association polymerPDMA2 with various molecular weights. • Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the salt tolerance of polymers. • The change in rock wettability can help with fracturing and oil displacement integration. The salt resistance of hydrophobically relating polymer fracturing fluid is one of the main indicators to meet the fracturing operation. Thus, a chain transfer agent was created in this study. Hydrophobically related polymer PDMA2 was synthesized in an aqueous solution through the RAFT approach. The salt resistance mechanism of the polymer was elucidated using molecular simulation software. The experimental results demonstrated that the salt resistance of the polymer can be enhanced by introducing long hydrophobic chain monomers via RAFT polymerization. Inorganic salt ions can improve the polymer skeleton and facilitate polymer chain bonding. The rotation radius of the hydrophobic polymer PDMA2 lowers as the salt concentration rises, allowing polymer molecule interaction. Combined with spatial conformation and fluorescence spectrum analysis, PDMA2 containing hydrophobic monomer was discovered to improve the association effect of polymer and produce more hydrophobic microregions. The radial distribution function results show that increasing the salt content compresses the polymer's main chain. On the polymer backbone, the radial distribution function between N-N atoms grows. This study demonstrates that the hydrophobic-association polymer can meet the service conditions of oilfield mineralized strata and lower the consumption of freshwater resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A salt-responsive hydrophobically associating polymer (HSRP) was synthesized. • This hydrophobically associating polymer shows an unusual salt-responsive self-assembling transition. • A reasonable core–shell model was proposed for the salt-responsive behavior. • HSRP is expected to find wide applications in saline reservoirs based on its excellent salt-responsive properties. A salt-responsive hydrophobically associating polymer (HSRP) with a molecular weight of 1.21 × 106 g/mol was synthesized and characterized. It has the characteristics of strong association and low molecular weight by choosing monomers and adjusting the polymerization system. HSRP exhibited a high sensitivity to salt ions owing to the peculiarities of its molecular structure. Through various experimental tests, this study further expanded and complemented the salt-thickening effect of hydrophobic association water-soluble polymers. In brine, HSRP exhibited low apparent viscosity and shear stress. In addition, HSRP demonstrated better thixotropic properties and viscoelastic behavior as the salinity increased, which was attributed to a self-assembling transition. The effect of salinity on self-assembling behavior of supermolecules and rheological properties of HSRP was examined through macroscopic properties and microscopic mechanisms. A reasonable core–shell model was proposed for the salt-responsive behavior: The hydrophilic backbones curled up, forming a shell, and the hydrophobic branched chains interassociated to form a core. In brine, HSRP displayed excellent viscoelasticity and low friction. It is expected to find wide applications in tertiary recovery and fracturing in saline reservoirs based on its excellent salt-responsive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal seam fracturing can effectively reduce gas leakage and coal powder damage while ensuring a healthy, stable and sustainable development of the coal industry. In this study, a fracturing fluid thickener-quaternary polymer (ADP) was synthesized by the synergistic effect and characterized by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viscosity and microstructure of the polymer at different concentrations were observed. A rheological measurement suggests that ADP has good viscoelasticity and shear resistance. Additionally, the filtration performance and gel breaking analysis showed that ADP meets the coal industry standards. Moreover it was found that ADP broken gel fluid impacted the surface of coal samples in Yinjiagou Coal Mine, Yangcheng City, Shanxi Province. For example, it reduced the methane affinity of coal (12.69%) and increased the hydrophilicity. It is significantly rare in the literature where polymer broken gel fluid bring beneficial effects on coal. The damage of gel breaking fluid to coal rock permeability in this area is only 14.9%. Thus the polymer fracturing fluid is expected to become a suitable fracturing fluid for coal seam fracturing. [Display omitted] • A fracturing fluid thickener-quaternary polymer (ADP) was synthesized by the synergistic effect and characterized. • ADP has good performance and analysis showed that ADP meets the coal industry standards. • The ADP broken gel fluid reduced the methane affinity of coal (12.69%) and increased the hydrophilicity. • The use of ADP has prominent significance for gas disasters and pulverized coal damage in coal mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In recent years, cationic surfactants have received extensive attention in cleaning fracturing fluid thickeners due to various unique properties. At the same time, the development of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant clean fracturing fluid is the key to deep well oil and gas resource development. In this study, the rigid-soft combined strategy is adopted for molecular structure designs. N,N -dimethylcyclohexylamine and epichlorohydrin are used as the initial reactants; after the ring-opening reaction occurs, they are quaternized with erucamide propyl dimethyl ammonium to synthesize a novel double-cation viscoelastic surfactant, SY–JS. With double-cationic charges on the head group, water molecules are selectively adsorbed around the cation lattice to increase the hydration layer, and thus, salt tolerance is improved. Cyclohexane with a rigid structure improves temperature resistance. The ultra-long unsaturated hydrophobic tail imparts excellent heat tolerance and dissolubility to the designed viscoelastic surfactant. The clean fracturing fluid prepared by 3 wt% SY–JS with 130,000 ppm NaCl or KCl performs well under a shear rate of 170 s−1 at 140 °C, and the apparent viscosity remains above 30 mPa s−1 after 120 min.. Additionally, the results show that single-tail surfactants exhibit excellent performance at approximately 140 °C. Afterward, the brine produced from Rumaila and Jiyuan oil fields is used to prepare brine-based clean fracturing fluids, and evaluations, including proppant suspension, gel breaking, and permeability damage, were conducted. The results show that the brine-based clean fracturing fluid completely meets the requirements of hydraulic fracturing industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]