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Objectives The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased year-after-year globally, especially in low-income and developing countries. This study aims to identify the prevalence of GDM, the risk factors, and the effect on pregnancy outcome based on a retrospective case-control study. Methods Two hundred ninety-three parturients with GDM who delivered in a general hospital in Fujian province and met the inclusion criteria were selected as the case group from January to June 2018. Two hundred ninety-three parturients without GDM who delivered in the same period served as the control group. Risk factors for GDM were determined by univariate and binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of pregnancy outcomes was determined by a chi-square test. Results The prevalence of GDM was 15.69%. The percentages of 1, 2, and 3 abnormal OGTT values were 55.6%, 30.7%, and 13.7%, respectively. Gravidas with GDM have a higher risk of macrosomia, polyhydramnios, pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, and gestational hypertension than gravidas without GDM (p < 0.05). Analysis of the factors influencing the development of GDM was advanced age, married, parents with a history of diabetes, gestational hypertension, and number of abortions. Conclusions The prevalence of GDM was 15.69% in this geographic region, and > 50% of the patients had one abnormal OGTT value. The risk factors for GDM were advanced age, parents with diabetes, gestational hypertension, and the number of abortions. Pregnancy outcomes of the two groups of patients were different with respect to macrosomia, polyhydramnios, pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

To investigate the effects of a structured moderate-intensity resistance exercise program on blood glucose levels and other health-related indicators in patients with GDM.A total of 99 patients with GDM in a tertiary class A general hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. GDM patients in the control group received routine prenatal care, online education, and a personalized diabetes diet intervention. The experimental group was treated in the same way as the control group with the addition of a moderate intensity resistance exercise program.The blood glucose levels in both groups were lower after the intervention compared with before intervention (P 0.05). After intervention, the average fasting blood glucose, the 2 h postprandial blood glucose, the utilization rate of insulin, the amount of insulin, gestational weight gain and blood pressure (P 0.05) in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In addition, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups after intervention (P 0.05).Moderate intensity resistance exercise was helpful for improvement of blood glucose control and insulin use, gestational weight gain and blood pressure in patients with GDM. In the future, long-term follow-up of both maternal and newborn infants should be performed to assess the long-term effects of exercise intervention on maternal and child health. The impact on the risk of obesity and diabetes may need to be further clarified. The trial was approved by the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and registration number: ChiCTR1900027929.

Problem There are different conclusions about the effects of resistance training on blood sugar levels and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Background Resistance training is recommended as an easier and more practical method to exercise for women with GDM due to their growing belly. Although some researchers have explored this notion, there are no consistent conclusions about its effects. Aim To explore whether resistance training has an effect on blood sugar levels and pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM in randomized controlled trials. Method Pubmed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, CKNI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were systematically searched since their establishment to April 2019. Relevant meta-analyses, reviews, and eligible literature were also searched. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane Assessment Manual 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Findings A total of four studies (n = 242 patients) were included. Compared to the control group, there were statistical differences in fasting blood glucose level [MD=-0.37, 95%CI=(-0.65, -0.09), Z = 2.62, P = 0.009], average 2-h post-meal blood glucose level [MD=-0.96, 95%CI=(-1.80, -0.12), Z = 2.25, P = 0.02], insulin dosage [MD=-0.58, 95%CI=(-0.99, -0.17), Z = 2.75, P = 0.006], rate of insulin injection [RR=0.52, 95%CI=(0.31, 0.86), Z = 2.54, P = 0.01], and incidence of macrosomia [RR=0.15, 95%CI=(0.04,0.66), Z = 2.53, P = 0.01] in the intervention group consisting of GDM patients. There were no statistical differences in preterm delivery outcomes [RR=0.44, 95%CI=(0.09, 2.16), Z = 1.01, P = 0.31]. Conclusion Resistance training can improve blood sugar levels, insulin usage, and some adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM and is therefore worthy of clinical promotion.