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The stability of slopes might be influenced by numerous uncertainty factors. In this study, three uncertainty factors are considered in the slope stability analysis, which are locations of weak structural surfaces, structures of soil-rock mixtures, saptial variability of shear strength parameters. One new uncertainty analysis method considering these three uncertainty factors is proposed. And three geostatistical simulation algorithms are used to simulate three uncertainty factors, which are single normal equation simulation, sequential indicator simulation, sequential Gaussian simulation, respectively. When the uncertainty geology model is established, the finite element shear strength reduction method is carried out to calculate the factor of safety. This method is used to the stability analysis of Dahua landslide. The results of the Mont Carlo simulations showed that this method can effectively evaluate the influence of these three uncertainty factors on the slope stability. And the deformation pattern of Dahua landslide has been obtained by this method, which is retrogressive landslide. Then, the influence of the weak structural surfaces’ dip angle to the stability of slopes is discussed. Results show that when there are more vertical weak surfaces the more unstable of the slope.

Hypoxia is a unique environmental stress, which not only reflects the insufficient oxygen supply of cells and tissues, but also occurs in various physiological and pathological environments. Mitophagy as a selective autophagy can recover and utilize damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to ensure normal cell functions and promote cell survival. Bcl2l13 (B-cell lymphoma-2 like 13) is reported to induce mitophagy as a functional mammalian homolog of Atg32. However, the function of the bcl2l13 gene is still unclear in fish. Here the sequence and structure of the bcl2l13 gene in Megalobrama amblycephala were identified and showed that bcl2l13 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1458 bp for encoding 485 aa. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that Bcl2l13, as a typical anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl2 family, contained four BH domains, one BHNo domain, and one TM domain. Further study showed that Bcl2l13 was mainly located in the mitochondria, while its localization was changed within the whole cell after the TM domain was deleted. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that bcl2l13 showed higher expression levels in early embryos. After hypoxia treatment, the mRNA levels of the bcl2l13 and autophagy-related genes were significantly up-regulated in most detected tissues, and the bcl2l13 transcription was regulated by Hif-1α mediated pathway. Additionally, the transcription activity of the bcl2l13 promoter was further analyzed using luciferase reporter assays and showed the highest activity in the promoter region from −475 to +111. These results indicated that bcl2l13 may play important roles in embryogenesis and hypoxia mediated autophagy in fish.

Abstract Based on the emergency rescue, the subsequent disposal, and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian, Yunnan, China, research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the development and utilization of landside dams, including the possibilty evaluation of development and utilization, structure analysis of wide gradation material, performance evaluation, investigation and design, dam seepage control, construction technology and equipment, and safe operation assessment. And innovative results has made in all seven aspects mentioned above, writing the history in this field. The achievements were directly applied to the development planning, investigation and design, construction, and operation and maintenance of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam, a comprehensive water conservancy project that integrates flood control, water supply, irrigation, and power generation, with significant comprehensive benefits.

The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most commercially-farmed shrimp species globally and is of significant ecological and economic importance. Here we report a high-quality genome assembly of L. vannamei using PacBio reads and Hi-C data. The assembly spans 1.87 Gb with scaffold N50 of 39.7 Mb and 87% of estimated genome size is assigned to 44 pseudochromosomes. The genome contains 24,861 protein-coding genes and a high proportion of transposable elements (64.33%). Significant expansion of gene families was observed in the genome related to locomotion, vision, and neural transmission, including via expansion of actin, myosin, rhodopsin, and neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel ligand binding domain genes, potentially revealing mechanisms underlying their evolved benthic adaptations. The genome assembly of L. vannamei provides valuable resources for future genetic research, breeding, and improvement of aquaculture traits, and will facilitate the research of genetic changes during evolution.

Water has an obvious degrading effect on the mechanical parameters of rock and soil.In this paper, triaxial tests of landslide deposits under different water content conditions were carried out, and empirical equations between saturation and mechanical parameters were established. Besides, secondary development on the established empirical equation was also carried out. Based the coupling of saturation and mechanical parameters, the influence of sliding body mechanical parameter changes on the landslide stability can then be considered in the process of real-time changes in reservoir water level.By comparing the simulation results of the Dahua landslide in Lanping County, Yunnan Province during the rise of the reservoir water level with the field monitoring data, the rationality of considering the water-induced deterioration effect of the mechanical parameters of the sliding body was verified.In the end, the engineering application of the deformation evolution law of the Dahua landslide considering water-induced deterioration was carried out.

To understand the current status of germplasm resources of Penaeus japonicus, in this study, genetic diversity was analyzed based on morphometric analysis and fluorescent microsatellite markers. For morphometric analysis, the cumulative ratios of the PC1 and PC2 (85.90%) were greater than 75%, which can explain the morphological variation among populations. For microsatellite analysis, the allele number in 10 microsatellite loci ranged from 27 to 53, and the effective allele number ranged from 21 to 42. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.463 to 0.983, whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.932 to 0.966, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.947, which indicated a high level of genetic diversity. The unbiased genetic distance among populations ranged from 0.230 to 0.431, and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.654 to 0.782. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation within individuals was the main source of variation, accounting for 88.55%, and only 1.49% of the genetic variation came from among populations.

Landslides are the most important reason of landslide dams and can be formed under the action of earthquakes, rainfall, ice and snow melting water. The deposit shape range of a landslide dam has an important influence on the stability evaluation. In this paper, the effects of sliding distance, sliding surface outlet width, sliding surface angle, riverbed inclination angle and valley shape on the deposit shape of landslide dams are analysed systematically by the discrete element method (DEM). The results are as follows: The sliding distance and outlet width have the greatest influence on the dam height. With increasing outlet width and sliding surface angle, the dam length and width linearly increase and decrease, respectively. Sliding distance can effectively control the velocity of the sliding body and then affect the forward dip angle. The angle of the riverbed mainly affects the length of the dam. The regression analysis of dam height, dam length, upstream and downstream absolute dip tangents and deposit angle tangent shows that the mathematical model fits well, indicating that its shape can be predicted. Two parameters, λ and χ are proposed to describe the deposit characteristics of the landslide dam. The influence of the river valley shape is mainly reflected in the fact that the climbing ability of the sliding body increases with increasing bottom width of the river valley. This study is of great significance for predicting the deposit shape of landslide dams and then evaluating safety and provides a reference for further research on the collapse of landslide lakes.

Landslide-induced impulse waves in alpine valleys are a significant risk to large-scale dam and reservoir engineering projects in the surrounding area. In this study, a 1 : 200-scale physical model of landslide-induced impulse waves in a V-shaped river channel was established, and 18 groups of tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of different parameters, such as the volume and shape of the landslide body, water entry velocity, and water depth of the reservoir. Based on the test results, a dimensionless formula was established for the first wave height of impulse waves caused by a deep-water landslide in a V-shaped channel. An energy conversion law was determined for the impact of landslide-induced impulse waves on the reservoir bank. Finally, a distribution law was obtained for the initial maximum pressure caused by landslide-induced impulse waves along the water depth on the opposite bank. The theoretical predictions of the dimensionless formula showed good agreement with the experimental results, and the energy conversion rate of the landslide-induced impulse waves initially increased and then decreased with an increasing Froude number. The maximum dynamic water pressure showed a triangular distribution with increasing water depth below the surface of the still water body. The impact pressure of the impulse waves on the slope on the opposite bank increased with the water entry velocity. This study provides a scientific basis for the risk prevention and control of landslide-induced impulse waves in river channels feeding into reservoirs.

In constructing hydraulic tunnels, construction disturbances and complex geological conditions can induce variations in the surrounding rock parameters. To navigate the complex non-linear interplay between rock material parameters and tunnel displacement during construction, this study proposes a hybrid learning model. It employs particle swarm optimization (PSO) to refine the hyperparameters of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) technique. Sensitivity analysis and inversion of rock parameters is performed by using orthogonal design and the Sobol method to analyze the sensitivity of environmental and rock material factors. The findings indicate that the tunnel depth, elastic modulus, and Poisson ratio are particularly sensitive parameters. Mechanical parameters of the rock mass, identified through sensitivity analysis, are the focal point of this research and are integrated into a three-dimensional computational model. The resulting tunnel displacement calculations serve as datasets for the inversion of the actual engineering project’s surrounding rock mechanical parameters. These inverted parameters were fed into the FLAC3D software (version 7.0), yielding results that align closely with field measurements, which affirms the PSO-XGBoost model’s validity and precision. The insights garnered from this research offer a substantial reference for determining rock mass parameters in tunnel engineering amidst complex conditions.

Abstract Background As non-coding RNA molecules of more than 200 bp in length, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of roles in biological processes, including regulating the immune responses to bacterial infections. In recent years, there have been many in-depth studies on mammalian lncRNAs, but the relevant studies in fish are very limited. Meanwhile, since lncRNAs are not conserved among species, it is difficult to apply the existing results directly to unstudied species. Results To obtain the information of lncRNAs in Megalobrama amblycephala, one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China, also to better understand the biological significance of lncRNAs in the immunity system, the fish liver at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 72 h post Aeromonas hydrophila infection (hpi) were obtained for lncRNA-sequencing (lncRNA-seq). A total of 14,849 lncRNAs were identified, and 2196 lncRNAs showed significant differences at different time points post A. hydrophila infection. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in several pathways related to immune such as apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. Time-specific modules were then identified, using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and 28 modules significantly correlated with different time point after infection were found. Furthermore, four immune-related genes and six lncRNAs in the time-specific modules were subsequently verified by RT-qPCR. Conclusions The above findings reveal the discovery of widespread differentially expressed lncRNAs in the M. amblycephala liver post A. hydrophila infection, suggesting that lncRNAs might participate in the regulation of host response to bacterial infection, enriching the information of lncRNAs in teleost and providing a resources basis for further studies on the immune function of lncRNAs.

Screening serum biomarkers for acute and subacute pain is important for precise pain management. This study aimed to examine serum levels of angiogenic factors in patients with acute and subacute pain as potential biomarkers. Serum samples were collected from 12 healthy controls, 20 patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), 4 with low back pain (LBP), and 1 with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Pain intensity in these patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The serum concentrations of 11 angiogenic biomarkers were examined by Milliplex Map Human Angiogenesis Magnetic Bead Panel 2. The pain assessment from VAS showed that all patients showed moderate and severe pain. Among 11 angiogenic factors, osteopontin (OPN), thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPECAM-1), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and soluble epidermal growth factor receptors (sErbB2) were up-regulated and soluble interleukin-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) were down-regulated in patients with pain compared to the healthy participants (all P-values were < 0.005). Moreover, a linear regression model showed that the serum OPN concentration was correlated with pain intensity in patients with PHN (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference between the serum concentration of soluble epidermal growth factor receptors, sErbB3, soluble AXL, tenascin, and soluble neuropilin-1 in patients with acute and subacute pain and that of healthy controls. The results of this study provided new valuable insights into our understanding of angiogenic factors that may contribute to as mechanistic biomarkers of pain, and reveal the pathophysiological mechanism of pain.Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200061775.

The formation mechanism and utilization of barrier dam are the research hotspots in the field of disaster prevention and reduction. Due to the special formation process, complex internal structure, uneven composition materials and different accumulation patterns, there is still a lack of effective stability evaluation methods and development and control measures. In this paper, from the formation process, types, and structural characteristics, we have summarized the formation mechanism and process of barrier dam formed by mountain collapse, landslides and mud-rock flows. Meanwhile, we have summarized the engineering and non-engineering measures for emergency treatment of dams, and have introduced the successful cases of barrier dams in hydroelectric power generation, diversion irrigation and environmental tourism. Through the literature and case compilation, a literature database for the study of barrier dam is established. Finally, due to the high risk and development potential of barrier dam, we pointed out the main problems and the further research direction, which provides a useful reference for the risk prediction, development and utilization of barrier dam.

Abstract Background Ammonia is one of the most common toxicological environment factors affecting shrimp health. Although ammonia tolerance in shrimp is closely related to successful industrial production, few genetic studies of this trait are available. Results In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). The constructed genetic map contained 17,338 polymorphic markers spanning 44 linkage groups, with a total distance of 6360.12 centimorgans (cM) and an average distance of 0.37 cM. Using this genetic map, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explained 7.41–8.46% of the phenotypic variance in L. vannamei survival time under acute ammonia stress. We then sequenced the transcriptomes of the most ammonia-tolerant and the most ammonia-sensitive individuals from each of four genetically distinct L. vannamei families. We found that 7546 genes were differentially expressed between the ammonia-tolerant and ammonia-sensitive individuals. Using QTL analysis and the transcriptomes, we identified one candidate gene (annotated as an ATP synthase g subunit) associated with ammonia tolerance. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of L. vannamei and identified a QTL for ammonia tolerance. By combining QTL and transcriptome analyses, we identified a candidate gene associated with ammonia tolerance. Our work provides the basis for future genetic studies focused on molecular marker-assisted selective breeding.

Water content has a significant effect on the creep properties of soil-rock mixtures (SRM). Multi-loading shear creep tests are carried out on SRM samples with different water contents. The test results show that deformation gradually increase with increasing water content, while long-term strength gradually decrease with increasing water content. The deformation mechanism shows that increasing of water content causes the change of rock particles at on the shear surface from fracture to rotation. Based on the creep test results, a modified Burgers model considering the water content is proposed by the empirical relationship between the parameters of the traditional Burgers model and the water content. And the results predicted by the modified Burgers model agree well quite well with the experimental creep data.

Objectives This qualitative study aimed to explore the factors influencing the prescription patterns of essential medicines (EMs) from the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and patients in Beijing, China.Design The qualitative study was conducted using individual in-depth interviews.Setting This study was conducted from January to August 2020, in community health service centres (CHSCs) across six urban districts of Beijing, China.Participants A total of 17 GPs from 17 CHSCs in 6 urban districts and 22 patients with non-communicable diseases from three CHSCs in the three urban districts of Beijing were recruited using the purposive sampling method and a three-stage sampling strategy, respectively.Results Five major themes were identified among factors influencing the prescription pattern of EMs: (1) efficacy and safety of medicines, (2) prescription recommendations from physicians in tertiary or secondary hospitals, (3) patients’ medication preference, (4) financial status of patients and (5) minimum requirement for the prescription of EMs.Conclusion The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the factors influencing the prescription patterns and utilisation of EMs from the perspectives of GPs and patients, respectively. Policymakers should implement policies and measures to promote the National Essential Medicines System in China.

To characterize the cold tolerance mechanism of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of ∼5185 hepatopancreas cells from cold-tolerant (Lv-T) and common (Lv-C) L. vannamei at preferred and low temperatures (28°C and 10°C, respectively). The cells fell into 10 clusters and 4 cell types: embryonic, resorptive, blister-like, and fibrillar. We identified differentially expressed genes between Lv-T and Lv-C, which were mainly associated with the terms “immune system,” “cytoskeleton,” “antioxidant system,” “digestive enzyme,” and “detoxification,” as well as the pathways “metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation,” “metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,” “chemical carcinogenesis,” “drug metabolism-cytochrome P450,” and “fatty acid metabolism.” Reconstruction of fibrillar cell trajectories showed that, under low temperature stress, hepatopancreas cells had two distinct fates, cell fate 1 and cell fate 2. Cell fate 1 was mainly involved in signal transduction and sensory organ development. Cell fate 2 was mainly involved in metabolic processes. This study preliminarily clarifies the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in L. vannamei, which will be useful for the breeding of shrimp with greater cold tolerance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to better understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of listeriosis patients in mainland China. Methods: The six most widely used Chinese and English language databases were searched. The records of patients with listeriosis in mainland China reported during the years 2011–2017 were extracted. The clinical data of patients and information on clinical isolates of Listeria were collected and analyzed. Results: In total, 136 records were identified, reporting 562 patients with listeriosis. The number of patients was much higher than that reported in the previous decade. The 227 non-perinatal listeriosis patients included had a mortality rate of 23.78%. Of the 231 perinatal listeriosis patients, 32.68% resulted in abortion and/or newborn death. All listeriosis cases were reported as being sporadic. The listeriosis was traced to infection via a meat product in only three patients, while 33.12% were healthcare-associated infections. Conclusions: The number of patients with listeriosis in mainland China may have been underestimated previously. Perinatal cases in mainland China account for a much higher proportion than is usually described. Considering the high number of listeriosis patients in China, a comprehensive monitoring system for Listeria is urgently needed. Keywords: Listeriosis, Foodborne disease, China, Review

Heavy rainfall and changes in the water levels of reservoirs directly affect the degree of landslide disasters in major hydropower project reservoir areas. Correlation analyses of rainfall- and water-level fluctuations with landslide displacement changes can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and early warning of landslide disasters in reservoir areas. Because of the shortcomings of the traditional correlation analysis based on linear assumptions, this study proposed the use of a pseudo-maximum-likelihood-estimation-mixed-Copula (MLE-M-Copula) method instead of linear assumptions. We used the Bazimen landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as a case study to carry out the correlation analysis of the rainfall, water-level fluctuations, and landslide displacement. First, we selected several appropriate influencing factors to construct four candidate Copula models and estimated the parameters using the pseudo-MLE method. After the goodness-of-fit test, we selected the M-Copula model as the optimal model and used this model to study correlations between the monthly displacement increment of the landslide and influencing factors. We then established the joint distribution functions of these correlations. We computed and analyzed the overall and tail correlations between the displacement increment and the influencing factors, and we constructed the conditional probability distribution of the monthly displacement increment for different given conditions. The results showed that the pseudo-MLE-M-Copula method effectively quantified the correlation between the rainfall, reservoir-level fluctuations, and landslide displacement changes, and we obtained the return periods and value at risk of the influencing factors of the Bazimen landslide under different rainfall conditions and reservoir-level changes. Furthermore, the tail correlations between the monthly displacement increment of the landslide and the rainfall- and reservoir-level changes were higher than the overall correlations.

Objectives To develop a model of in-hospital mortality using medical record front page (MRFP) data and assess its validity in case-mix standardisation by comparison with a model developed using the complete medical record data.Design A nationally representative retrospective study.Setting Representative hospitals in China, covering 161 hospitals in modelling cohort and 156 hospitals in validation cohort.Participants Representative patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction. 8370 patients in modelling cohort and 9704 patients in validation cohort.Primary outcome measures In-hospital mortality, which was defined explicitly as death that occurred during hospitalisation, and the hospital-level risk standardised mortality rate (RSMR).Results A total of 14 variables were included in the model predicting in-hospital mortality based on MRFP data, with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 among modelling cohort and 0.79 among validation cohort. The median of absolute difference between the hospital RSMR predicted by hierarchical generalised linear models established based on MRFP data and complete medical record data, which was built as ‘reference model’, was 0.08% (10th and 90th percentiles: −1.8% and 1.6%). In the regression model comparing the RSMR between two models, the slope and intercept of the regression equation is 0.90 and 0.007 in modelling cohort, while 0.85 and 0.010 in validation cohort, which indicated that the evaluation capability from two models were very similar.Conclusions The models based on MRFP data showed good discrimination and calibration capability, as well as similar risk prediction effect in comparison with the model based on complete medical record data, which proved that MRFP data could be suitable for risk adjustment in hospital performance measurement.

Nitrite is a major environmental toxin in aquaculture systems that disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals. Although nitrite tolerance in shrimp is closely related to successful industrial production, few genetic studies of this trait are available. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of Litopenaeus vannamei with 17,242 single nucleotide polymorphism markers spanning 6,828.06 centimorgans (cM), with an average distance of 0.4 cM between adjacent markers on 44 linkage groups (LGs). Using this genetic map, we identified two markers associated with nitrite tolerance. We then sequenced the transcriptomes of the most nitrite-tolerant and nitrite-sensitive individuals from each of four genetically distinct L. vannamei families (LV-I–4). We found 2,002, 1,983, 1,954, and 1,867 differentially expressed genes in families LV-1, LV-2, LV-3, and LV-4, respectively. By integrating QTL and transcriptomics analyses, we identified a candidate gene associated with nitrite tolerance. This gene was annotated as solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6). RNA interference (RNAi) analysis demonstrated that SLC26A6 was critical for nitrite tolerance in L. vannamei. The present study increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrite tolerance in shrimp and provides a basis for molecular-marker-assisted shrimp breeding.

Rock mass classification is important in preliminary design of geotechnical engineering projects. Using the columnar jointed basalt at the foundation of Baihetan Hydropower Station as an example, this paper presents a classification scheme of the columnar jointed rock. Unlike many common rock masses, an obvious characteristic of columnar jointed rock is that it is discontinuous in geometry while continuous in mechanics. Due to the inapplicability of existing rock mass classification systems, a classification scheme, combined with rock mass integrity, weak plane tightness, and permeability, is proposed. The new classification system has five grades with quantitative factors, which takes into account the features of columnar joints. As an easy-to-use scheme and case study, it would be helpful as a reference in the rock mass classification of similar problems.

Stereo matching is one of the most important and challenging subjects in the field of stereo vision. The disparity obtained in stereo matching can represent depth information in 3-D world to a great extent and shows great importance in stereo field. In general, stereo-matching methods primarily emphasize static image. However, the information provided by dynamic scene can be used fully and effectively to improve the results of stereo matching for dynamic scene, such as video sequences. In this paper, we propose a dynamic scene-based local stereo-matching algorithm which integrates a cost filter with motion flow of dynamic video sequences. In contrast to the existing local approaches, our algorithm puts forward a new computing model which fully considers motion information in dynamic video sequences and adds motion flow to calculate suitable support weight for accurately estimating disparity. Our algorithm can perform as an edge-preserving smoothing operator and shows improved behavior near the moving edges. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better depth map and outperforms other local stereo-matching methods in disparity evaluation.

Strong asymmetrical vortices appear on the leeward of slender body at high angles of attack, which has very unfavorable effect on the stability and control of the aircraft. A method is developed to control the side force of slender body at high angles of attack, and is verified in wind tunnel. A thin-film triangular self-excited oscillation flag is fixed at the tip of the slender body model whose semi-apex angle is 10°. Side force is approximately linearly proportional to roll-setting angle of self-excited oscillation flag at high angles of attack, and the slop of fitting straight line obtained by the least square method is −0.158. The linear relationship between side force and roll-setting angle provides convenience for developing side force control law of slender body at high angles of attack. Experimental data shows that the side force coefficients vary linearly with roll-setting angles when a specific plastic self-excited oscillation flag is used as the control flag. The range of side force coefficient and roll-setting angle are, respectively, −3.2 to 3.0 and −20° to 20°. The device is simple, effective, and is of great potential in engineering application.

Introduction Liver disease related to hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) may temper the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China. Limited data exist on their prevalence in HIV‐positive Chinese. A multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and disease characteristics of HBV and HCV co‐infection in HIV‐positive patients across 12 provinces. Methods HIV‐positive ART‐naïve patients were recruited from two parent cohorts established during November 2008–January 2010 and August 2012–September 2014. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen and HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) status were retrieved from parent databases at the visit prior to ART initiation. HBV DNA was then determined in HBsAg+ patients. HCV RNA was quantified in anti‐HCV+ patients. Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and the fibrosis‐4 (FIB4) were calculated. Chi‐square test, Kruskal–Wallis test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate. Results Of 1944 HIV‐positive patients, 186 (9.5%) were HIV–HBV co‐infected and 161 (8.3%) were HIV–HCV co‐infected. The highest HIV–HBV prevalence (14.5%) was in Eastern China while the highest HIV–HCV prevalence was in the Central region (28.2%). HIV–HBV patients had lower median CD4 + T cell count (205 cells/μL) than either HIV monoinfected (242 cells/μL, P=0.01) or HIV–HCV patients (274 cells/μL, P=0.001). Moderate‐to‐significant liver disease was present in >65% of the HIV–HCV, ~35% of the HIV–HBV and ~20% of the HIV monoinfected patients. Independent associations with moderate‐to‐significant liver disease based on APRI included HBV (Odds ratio, OR 2.37, P < 0.001), HCV (OR 9.64, P

Wireless local area network (WLAN) is a technology that combines computer network with wireless communication technology. The 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band can be used in the WLAN environment. Because of the development of wireless communication technology and the use of the frequency bands without the need for authorization, the application of WLAN is becoming more and more extensive. As the key part of the WLAN system, the antenna must also be adapted to the development of WLAN communication technology. This paper designs two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The two antennas adopt ordinary FR4 material as a dielectric substrate, with the advantages of low cost and small size. The first antenna adopts microstrip line feeding, and the antenna radiation patch is composed of a folded T-shaped radiating dipole which reduces the antenna size, and two symmetrical rectangular patches located on both sides of the T-shaped radiating patch. The second antenna is a microstrip patch antenna fed by coaxial line, and the size of the antenna is diminished by opening a stepped groove on the two edges of the patch and a folded slot inside the patch. Simulation experiments prove that the two designed antennas have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.

Hypoxia, a common environmental condition, can affect cell survival and physiological function by triggering oxidative stress. Akt/FoxO pathway has been proven to play a non-negligible role in the regulation of autophagy. However, the role of Akt/FoxO pathway in hypoxia-induced autophagy is unclear in fish. Therefore, in this study, grass carp hepatocyte cells (L8824) were treated by CoCl2 to simulate hypoxia, and the results showed that CoCl2 can increase the expression of Hif-1a protein at different concentrations or different treatment time. Further study found that hypoxia increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3-II, pink1, beclin-1 and p62) and foxO1a/1b. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was also depolarized, and autophagosomes were intriguingly detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM) after the treatment of hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia inhibited Akt phosphorylation, while PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, LY294002 significantly up-regulated the expression of foxO1a/1b and autophagy-related genes. Additionally, silencing foxo1b also resulted in down-regulation of autophagy-related genes. It was demonstrated that hypoxia induced autophagy via Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results will provide a new light on further understanding the role of Akt/FoxO pathway in the response to hypoxia in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]