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Learning based on the 5 knowledge declared in UNESCO plays a very important role in the curricular design of the Ecuadorian educational system. Consequently, the objective of this research is to analyze the understanding of the 5 fundamental components for the teaching and learning process that must be taken into account when addressing the competences and skills with performance criteria as the purpose of highlighting their importance in design curriculum of Ecuador. The present work was carried out with a documentary analytical approach, taking as bibliographic references of several authors. To give continuity to the methodological scheme of this research, a search was carried out for the factors that influence the integral development of the Ecuadorian curriculum, where proposals from international organizations such as UNESCO, OECD, CRES, among others, are reflected. This process was based on the phenomenological research design that began to identify the research problem that allowed to develop the analysis of the factors that affect the curriculum. Keywords: Knowledge; general skills; UNESCO; performance; resume., El aprendizaje basado en los 5 saberes declarados en la UNESCO cumple un papel muy importante en el diseño curricular del sistema educativo ecuatoriano. En consecuencia, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la comprensión de los 5 componentes fundamentales para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que se debe tener en cuenta al abordar las competencias y destrezas con criterio de desempeño como el propósito de destacar su importancia en el diseño curricular del Ecuador. El presente trabajo se realizó con un enfoque analítico documental, tomando como referencias bibliográficas de varios autores. Para dar continuidad al esquema metodológico de esta investigación, se realizó una búsqueda de los factores que influyen en el desarrollo integral del currículo ecuatoriano, donde se plasma propuestas de organismos Internacionales como la UNESCO, OCDE, CRES entre otros. Dicho proceso tuvo como base el diseño investigativo fenomenológico que partió identificar el problema de investigación que permitió desarrollar el análisis de los factores que afectan al curriculum. Palabras claves: Saberes; competencias generales; UNESCO; desempeño; curriculum. Abstract Learning based on the 5 knowledge declared in UNESCO plays a very important role in the curricular design of the Ecuadorian educational system. Consequently, the objective of this research is to analyze the understanding of the 5 fundamental components for the teaching and learning process that must be taken into account when addressing the competences and skills with performance criteria as the purpose of highlighting their importance in design curriculum of Ecuador. The present work was carried out with a documentary analytical approach, taking as bibliographic references of several authors. To give continuity to the methodological scheme of this research, a search was carried out for the factors that influence the integral development of the Ecuadorian curriculum, where proposals from international organizations such as UNESCO, OECD, CRES, among others, are reflected. This process was based on the phenomenological research design that began to identify the research problem that allowed to develop the analysis of the factors that affect the curriculum. Keywords: Knowledge; general skills; UNESCO; performance; resume. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 01 de diciembre de 2020.Fecha de aceptación: 30 de noviembre de 2020.Fecha de publicación: 31 de diciembre de 2020.