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4 results on '"Hughes, Chris William"'

1. Towards reliable global allowances for sea level rise

Author

Woodworth, Philip L., Hunter, John R., Marcos, Marta, Hughes, Chris William, Woodworth, Philip L., Hunter, John R., Marcos, Marta, and Hughes, Chris William

Abstract

Tide gauge data and information from tide, surge and ocean models have been used to calculate and validate the Gumbel scale parameters of extreme sea level distributions along the world coastline. The inclusion of ocean model information is found to result in significantly improved correspondence between observed and modelled scale parameters to that obtained using tide and surge model information alone. The scale parameters so obtained are shown to be consistent with findings reported previously, such as in assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. However, the considerably improved provision of scale parameters along the coast means that coastal planners, and others concerned with impacts of sea level rise, can now undertake more complete investigations of the likely increase in sea level exceedance frequencies. In addition, coastal engineers will have access to more reliable estimates of the ‘sea level allowances’ needed to design defences for protecting coastal populations.

Published
2021

2. Towards comprehensive observing and modeling systems for monitoring and predicting regional to coastal sea level

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Commission, Ponte, Rui M., Carson, Mark, Cirano, Mauro, Domingues, Catia M., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Marcos, Marta, Mitchum, Gary, van de Wal, R. S. W., Woodworth, Philip L., Ablain, Michaël, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Ballu, Valérie, Becker, Mélanie, Benveniste, Jérôme, Birol, Florence, Bradshaw, Elizabeth, Cazenave, Anny, Mey-Frémaux, Pierre de, Durand, Fabien, Ezer, Tal, Fu, Lee-Lueng, Fukumori, Ichiro, Gordon, Kathy, Gravelle, Médéric, Griffies, Stephen M., Han, Weiqing, Hibbert, Angela, Hughes, Chris William, Idier, Déborah, Kourafalou, Villy, Little, Christopher M., Matthews, Andrew, Melet, Angélique, Merrifield, Mark, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minobe, Shoshiro, Penduff, Thierry, Picot, Nicolas, Piecuch, Christopher G., Ray, Richard D., Rickards, Lesley, Santamaría-Gómez, Álvaro, Stammer, Detlef, Staneva, Joanna, Testut, Laurent, Thompson, Keith, Thompson, Philip, Vignudelli, Stefano, Williams, Joanne, Williams, Simon D. P., Wölppelmann, Guy, Laure, Zanna, Zhang, Shuebin, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Commission, Ponte, Rui M., Carson, Mark, Cirano, Mauro, Domingues, Catia M., Jevrejeva, Svetlana, Marcos, Marta, Mitchum, Gary, van de Wal, R. S. W., Woodworth, Philip L., Ablain, Michaël, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Ballu, Valérie, Becker, Mélanie, Benveniste, Jérôme, Birol, Florence, Bradshaw, Elizabeth, Cazenave, Anny, Mey-Frémaux, Pierre de, Durand, Fabien, Ezer, Tal, Fu, Lee-Lueng, Fukumori, Ichiro, Gordon, Kathy, Gravelle, Médéric, Griffies, Stephen M., Han, Weiqing, Hibbert, Angela, Hughes, Chris William, Idier, Déborah, Kourafalou, Villy, Little, Christopher M., Matthews, Andrew, Melet, Angélique, Merrifield, Mark, Meyssignac, Benoit, Minobe, Shoshiro, Penduff, Thierry, Picot, Nicolas, Piecuch, Christopher G., Ray, Richard D., Rickards, Lesley, Santamaría-Gómez, Álvaro, Stammer, Detlef, Staneva, Joanna, Testut, Laurent, Thompson, Keith, Thompson, Philip, Vignudelli, Stefano, Williams, Joanne, Williams, Simon D. P., Wölppelmann, Guy, Laure, Zanna, and Zhang, Shuebin

Abstract

A major challenge for managing impacts and implementing effective mitigation measures and adaptation strategies for coastal zones affected by future sea level (SL) rise is our limited capacity to predict SL change at the coast on relevant spatial and temporal scales. Predicting coastal SL requires the ability to monitor and simulate a multitude of physical processes affecting SL, from local effects of wind waves and river runoff to remote influences of the large-scale ocean circulation on the coast. Here we assess our current understanding of the causes of coastal SL variability on monthly to multi-decadal timescales, including geodetic, oceanographic and atmospheric aspects of the problem, and review available observing systems informing on coastal SL. We also review the ability of existing models and data assimilation systems to estimate coastal SL variations and of atmosphere-ocean global coupled models and related regional downscaling efforts to project future SL changes. We discuss (1) observational gaps and uncertainties, and priorities for the development of an optimal and integrated coastal SL observing system, (2) strategies for advancing model capabilities in forecasting short-term processes and projecting long-term changes affecting coastal SL, and (3) possible future developments of sea level services enabling better connection of scientists and user communities and facilitating assessment and decision making for adaptation to future coastal SL change.

Published
2019

3. SEASTAR: A Mission to Study Ocean Submesoscale Dynamics and Small-Scale Atmosphere-Ocean Processes in Coastal, Shelf and Polar Seas

Author

Centre for Earth Observation Instrumentation (UK), European Commission, Gommenginger, Christine, Chapron, Bertrand, Hogg, Andy, Buckingham, Christian E., Fox-Kemper, Baylor, Eriksson, Leif, Soulat, François, Ubelmann, Clément, Ocampo-Torres, Francisco, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Griffin, David, Lopez-Dekker, Paco, Knudsen, Per, Andersen, Ole, Stenseng, Lars, Stapleton, Neil, Perrie, W., Violante-Carvalho, Nelson, Schulz-Stellenfleth, Johannes, Woolf, David K., Isern-Fontanet, Jordi, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Klein, Patrice M., Mouche, Alexis Aurélien, Pascual, Ananda, Capet, Xavier, Hauser, Daniele, Stoffelen, Ad, Morrow, Rosemary Anne, Aouf, Lotfi, Breivik, Øyvind, Fu, Lee-Lueng, Johannessen, Johnny A., Aksenov, Yevgeny, Bricheno, Lucy, Hirschi, Joel, Martin, Adrien C.H., Martin, Adrian P., Nurser, George, Polton, Jeff, Wolf, J., Johnsen, Harald, Soloviev, Alexander, Jacobs, Gregg A., Collard, Fabrice, Groom, S., Kudryavtsev, Vladimir, Wilkin, John, Navarro, Víctor, Babanin, Alex, Martin, Matthew James, Siddorn, John, Saulter, Andrew, Rippeth, Tom, Emery, Bill, Maximenko, Nikolai, Romeiser, Roland, Graber, Hans, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Hughes, Chris William, Vandemark, Doug, da Silva, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Peter Jan, Naveira-Garabato, Alberto, Gemmrich, Johannes, Mahadevan, Amala, Marquez, Jose, Munro, Yvonne, Doody, Sam, Burbidge, Geoff, Centre for Earth Observation Instrumentation (UK), European Commission, Gommenginger, Christine, Chapron, Bertrand, Hogg, Andy, Buckingham, Christian E., Fox-Kemper, Baylor, Eriksson, Leif, Soulat, François, Ubelmann, Clément, Ocampo-Torres, Francisco, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Griffin, David, Lopez-Dekker, Paco, Knudsen, Per, Andersen, Ole, Stenseng, Lars, Stapleton, Neil, Perrie, W., Violante-Carvalho, Nelson, Schulz-Stellenfleth, Johannes, Woolf, David K., Isern-Fontanet, Jordi, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Klein, Patrice M., Mouche, Alexis Aurélien, Pascual, Ananda, Capet, Xavier, Hauser, Daniele, Stoffelen, Ad, Morrow, Rosemary Anne, Aouf, Lotfi, Breivik, Øyvind, Fu, Lee-Lueng, Johannessen, Johnny A., Aksenov, Yevgeny, Bricheno, Lucy, Hirschi, Joel, Martin, Adrien C.H., Martin, Adrian P., Nurser, George, Polton, Jeff, Wolf, J., Johnsen, Harald, Soloviev, Alexander, Jacobs, Gregg A., Collard, Fabrice, Groom, S., Kudryavtsev, Vladimir, Wilkin, John, Navarro, Víctor, Babanin, Alex, Martin, Matthew James, Siddorn, John, Saulter, Andrew, Rippeth, Tom, Emery, Bill, Maximenko, Nikolai, Romeiser, Roland, Graber, Hans, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Hughes, Chris William, Vandemark, Doug, da Silva, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Peter Jan, Naveira-Garabato, Alberto, Gemmrich, Johannes, Mahadevan, Amala, Marquez, Jose, Munro, Yvonne, Doody, Sam, and Burbidge, Geoff

Abstract

High-resolution satellite images of ocean color and sea surface temperature reveal an abundance of ocean fronts, vortices and filaments at scales below 10 km but measurements of ocean surface dynamics at these scales are rare. There is increasing recognition of the role played by small scale ocean processes in ocean-atmosphere coupling, upper-ocean mixing and ocean vertical transports, with advanced numerical models and in situ observations highlighting fundamental changes in dynamics when scales reach 1 km. Numerous scientific publications highlight the global impact of small oceanic scales on marine ecosystems, operational forecasts and long-term climate projections through strong ageostrophic circulations, large vertical ocean velocities and mixed layer re-stratification. Small-scale processes particularly dominate in coastal, shelf and polar seas where they mediate important exchanges between land, ocean, atmosphere and the cryosphere, e.g., freshwater, pollutants. As numerical models continue to evolve toward finer spatial resolution and increasingly complex coupled atmosphere-wave-ice-ocean systems, modern observing capability lags behind, unable to deliver the high-resolution synoptic measurements of total currents, wind vectors and waves needed to advance understanding, develop better parameterizations and improve model validations, forecasts and projections. SEASTAR is a satellite mission concept that proposes to directly address this critical observational gap with synoptic two-dimensional imaging of total ocean surface current vectors and wind vectors at 1 km resolution and coincident directional wave spectra. Based on major recent advances in squinted along-track Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry, SEASTAR is an innovative, mature concept with unique demonstrated capabilities, seeking to proceed toward spaceborne implementation within Europe and beyond

Published
2019

4. The status of measurement of the Mediterranean mean dynamic topography by geodetic techniques

Author

European Space Agency, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Woodworth, Philip L., Gravelle, Médéric, Marcos, Marta, Wöppelmann, Guy, Hughes, Chris William, European Space Agency, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Woodworth, Philip L., Gravelle, Médéric, Marcos, Marta, Wöppelmann, Guy, and Hughes, Chris William

Abstract

© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. We review the measurement of the mean dynamic topography (MDT) of the Mediterranean using ellipsoidal heights of sea level at discrete tide gauge locations, and across the entire basin using satellite altimetry, subtracting estimates of the geoid obtained from recent models. This ‘geodetic approach’ to the determination of the MDT can be compared to the independent ‘ocean approach’ that involves the use of in situ oceanographic measurements and ocean modelling. We demonstrate that with modern geoid and ocean models there is an encouraging level of consistency between the two sets of MDTs. In addition, we show how important geodetic MDT information can be in judging between existing global ocean circulation models, and in providing insight for the development of new ones. The review makes clear the major limitations in Mediterranean data sets that prevent a more complete validation, including the need for improved geoid models of high spatial resolution and accuracy. Suggestions are made on how a greater amount of reliable geo-located tide gauge information can be obtained in the future.

Published
2015

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