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Abstract Background This study explored the correlation between peripheral blood lipid levels and clinicopathological parameters in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), focusing on changes in lipid levels during disease progression. Methods Pathological features and serum lipid profiles of 179 patients with stage III-IV gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Lipid parameters examined included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), among others. The total cholesterol-lymphocyte score (TL score) and BMI were also calculated. The association between lipid parameters and clinicopathological characteristics such as age, gender, family history, and metastasis sites was assessed. Results In GC patients, females had higher TG levels than males. Patients with peritoneal metastasis had significantly lower levels of TC, LDL-C, Apo B, and B/A ratio. Those with lung metastasis exhibited higher LDL-C levels and lower levels of VLDL-C. No significant associations were found between lipid levels and metastasis to distant lymph nodes, liver, or bone. Female patients with ovarian metastasis had significantly lower VLDL-C levels. Multivariate analysis revealed low TC as an independent risk factor for peritoneal metastasis, high LDL-C and low VLDL-C levels for lung metastasis, and younger age and low VLDL-C for ovarian metastasis. Conclusion Specific blood lipid levels are significantly associated with metastatic sites in advanced gastric cancer. Lipid profiles could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting metastatic sites in GC patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of stachyose on the structural composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota in children with diarrhea using metagenomic sequencing technology. MethodsSix stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea admitted to a tertiary hospital from December 2021 to March 2022 using the direct selection method. The samples were inoculated into stachyose medium (STS group) and control medium (Ctrl group) using in vitro simulated fermentation technology. Fecal genomic DNA was extracted, and the effects of stachyose on the composition and diversity of gut microbiota were analyzed through metagenomic sequencing. At the COG and KEGG metabolic function levels, PCoA analysis was performed to determine the contribution of dominant gut microbiota to KEGG functional pathways, and the correlations between metabolites and gut microbiota and KEGG metabolic pathways were analyzed. ResultsAlpha diversity analysis showed that except for the Simpson index (0.29, 0.24, P < 0.05), the differences in the Ace index (143.17, 127.00), Chao index (143.17, 127.00), and Shannon index (1.69, 1.79) between the STS and Ctrl groups were not statistically significant. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium longum (0.06%), Ruminococcus (0.05%), and Lactobacillus salivarius (0.04%) were higher in the STS group than in the Ctrl group. PCoA analysis at the COG and KEGG metabolic function levels revealed that the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The STS group upregulated characteristic metabolic pathways such as purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and galactose metabolism while downregulating the characteristic metabolic pathways of the Ctrl group. Compared with the Ctrl group, the increased abundance of microbiota in the STS group showed high contributions to metabolic functions related to KEGG level 3. Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis found close associations between metabolic products of gut microbiota and related gut microbiota and KEGG metabolic pathways. ConclusionStachyose can regulate the structural composition of gut microbiota in children with diarrhea, increase gut microbiota diversity, promote related metabolic functions, and produce more beneficial substances for the human body.

Abstract Backgrounds The study aimed to estimate bladder cancer burden and its attributable risk factors in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia from 1990 to 2019, to discuss the potential causes of the disparities. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint analysis, and the independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis. Results In 2019, the highest incidence (7.70 per 100,000) and prevalence (51.09 per 100,000) rates of bladder cancer were in Japan, while the highest mortality (2.31 per 100,000) and DALY rates (41.88 per 100,000) were in South Korea and China, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increased in China, Japan and South Korea (AAPC > 0) and decreased in Mongolia (AAPC

Considering the real-world dilemma of leaders' high long-term orientation and employees' insufficient innovative behaviors in practice, this study systematically explored the relationship between leaders' long-term orientation and employees' innovative behaviors using challenge and threat appraisals as the mediating variables and promotion focus as the moderating variable. An empirical analysis was performed on 348 two-stage leader-employee matching questionnaires collected from emerging industries in China. Leaders' long-term orientation was positively related to employees' innovative behaviors overall, and had positive and negative indirect relationships with employees' innovative behaviors via employees' challenge and threat appraisals, respectively. Employees' promotion focus positively moderated the relationship between leaders' long-term orientation and employees' challenge appraisal, negatively moderated the relationship between leaders' long-term orientation and employees' threat appraisals, and further moderated the mediating role of challenge or threat appraisal in the relationship between leaders' long-term orientation and employees' innovative behaviors. This study revealed the relationship between leaders' long-term orientation on employees' innovative behaviors and its boundaries. It expands theoretical research on leaders' long-term orientation and employees' innovative behaviors.

Learning progressions (LPs) are cognitive models that describe the development of scientific knowledge and practices in students. They are constructed based on learning theories and student data. Scholars have advocated for using LPs to align curriculum, instruction, and assessment into a coherent system, and by doing so, promote productive learning (Duncan & Hmelo-Silver, 2009; National Research Council [NRC], 2005, 2007). Systematic validation can be used to monitor and evaluate how well LPs enhance the coherence in curriculum-instruction-assessment systems. A framework for systematic validation of LP research is presented in this article, which illustrates Kane's argument-based validation approach (Kane, 2013) can be applied to science LP research. In the framework, an interpretation/use argument and a validity argument are established to ensure that the LP aligns curriculum, instruction, and assessment into a coherent system. The interpretation/use argument contains three claims and their assumptions. The three claims are the LP, students' proficiency measured by the LP, and the use of the LP to inform teaching. The validity argument specifies what and how theoretical rationale and empirical evidence are obtained and used to evaluate those assumptions and hence the claims. We use the activities, data, and results from the Mathematical Thinking in Science (MTS) project to illustrate how these two arguments can be built in an iterative and progressive manner. The framework, along with our experiences and lessons learned, will be of value to other researchers as they conduct their own LP studies.

When a fire occurs in an underground shield tunnel, it can result in substantial property damage and cause permanent harm to the tunnel lining structure. This is especially true for large-diameter shield tunnels that have numerous segments and joints, and are exposed to specific fire conditions in certain areas. This paper constructs a full-scale shield tunnel fire test platform and conducts a non-uniform fire test using the lining system of a three-ring large-diameter shield tunnel with an inner diameter of 10.5 m. Based on the tests, the temperature field distribution, high-temperature bursting, cracking phenomena, and deformation under fire conditions are observed. Furthermore, the post-fire damage forms of tunnel lining structures are obtained through the post-fire ultimate loading test, and the corresponding mechanism is explained. The test results illustrate that the radial and circumferential distribution of internal temperature within the tunnel lining, as well as the radial temperature gradient distribution on the inner surface of the lining, have non-uniform distribution characteristics. As a result, the macroscopic phenomena of lining concrete bursting and crack development during the fire test mainly occur near the fire source, where the temperature rise gradient is the highest. In addition, the lining structure has a deformation characteristic of local outward expansion and cannot recover after the fire load is removed. The ultimate form of damage after the fire is dominated by crush damage from the inside out of the lining joints in the fire-exposed area. The above results serve as a foundation for future tunnel fire safety design and evaluation.

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the utilization of observational studies that make use of routinely collected healthcare data (RCD). These studies rely on algorithms to identify specific health conditions (e.g. diabetes or sepsis) for statistical analyses. However, there has been substantial variation in the algorithm development and validation, leading to frequently suboptimal performance and posing a significant threat to the validity of study findings. Unfortunately, these issues are often overlooked. Methods We systematically developed guidance for the development, validation, and evaluation of algorithms designed to identify health status (DEVELOP-RCD). Our initial efforts involved conducting both a narrative review and a systematic review of published studies on the concepts and methodological issues related to algorithm development, validation, and evaluation. Subsequently, we conducted an empirical study on an algorithm for identifying sepsis. Based on these findings, we formulated specific workflow and recommendations for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation within the guidance. Finally, the guidance underwent independent review by a panel of 20 external experts who then convened a consensus meeting to finalize it. Results A standardized workflow for algorithm development, validation, and evaluation was established. Guided by specific health status considerations, the workflow comprises four integrated steps: assessing an existing algorithm’s suitability for the target health status; developing a new algorithm using recommended methods; validating the algorithm using prescribed performance measures; and evaluating the impact of the algorithm on study results. Additionally, 13 good practice recommendations were formulated with detailed explanations. Furthermore, a practical study on sepsis identification was included to demonstrate the application of this guidance. Conclusions The establishment of guidance is intended to aid researchers and clinicians in the appropriate and accurate development and application of algorithms for identifying health status from RCD. This guidance has the potential to enhance the credibility of findings from observational studies involving RCD.

In this study, a non-isothermal heating reactor was used to simulate the hydrocarbon generation process of 1â4 cm sized medium- and low-maturity organic-rich shale under the action of supercritical water. The results show that the increase in pressure had a negative effect on the utilization of organic carbon in shale. As the pressure increased, the overall conversion efficiency of organic carbon decreased. Although higher pressure inhibited both oil and gas production, the inhibition of the gas production process was more significant. The effect of reaction time on oil and gas production differed in stages. Over a 4-h reaction period, the oil and gas production rates gradually increased with longer reaction times, with oil production showing a stronger promotion effect. Beyond 4 h, further extension of reaction time mainly promoted gas production. The increase in pressure and reaction time had opposite effects on the pore structure parameters of shale. Higher pressure led to a decrease in these parameters, while longer reaction times resulted in improved and expanded parameters.

Abstract Cultural capital is vital for equitable educational development. This paper studies the effect of family cultural capital on the performance of middle school students with regard to gender, using a multiple linear regression model. Participants from four representative middle schools, totalling 1036 students, were selected during the online learning period. The study found that institutionalised and objectified cultural capital had a pronounced positive effect on students’ school outcomes, but cultural capital that was embodied had both positive and negative effects. Significant differences in the effects of cultural capital on school success were found between male and female students. The educational level of a mother has a significant impact on the school attainment of female students in Chinese, English, math and overall achievement, whereas a father’s education level has a significant effect on male students’ English achievement and overall achievement. The results of the study showed that cultural capital contributed to the academic success of middle school students in different ways. The results presented above contribute to a better comprehension of the mechanisms of the influence of cultural capital on the school performance of middle school students, which has important implications for students’ educational equity. This study recommends improving the mechanism of collaborative education among schools, families and society, by paying attention to vulnerable groups that lack cultural capital, improving the methods of educational evaluation and providing tailor-made education for all types of students.

Abstract Objective Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging‐related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort. Method A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera–Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM‐BAge and PhenoAge‐BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM‐AAge and PhenoAge‐AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk. Results During a median follow‐up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000–1.223) for KDM‐AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068–1.303) for PhenoAge‐AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge‐AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374–2.639) in males with CAge

Abstract HNF4A and HNF1A encode transcription factors that are important for the development and function of the pancreas and liver. Mutations in both genes have been directly linked to Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. To better define the pleiotropic gene regulatory roles of HNF4A and HNF1A, we generated a comprehensive genome-wide map of their binding targets in pancreatic and hepatic cells using ChIP-Seq. HNF4A was found to bind and regulate known (ACY3, HAAO, HNF1A, MAP3K11) and previously unidentified (ABCD3, CDKN2AIP, USH1C, VIL1) loci in a tissue-dependent manner. Functional follow-up highlighted a potential role for HAAO and USH1C as regulators of beta cell function. Unlike the loss-of-function HNF4A/MODY1 variant I271fs, the T2D-associated HNF4A variant (rs1800961) was found to activate AKAP1, GAD2 and HOPX gene expression, potentially due to changes in DNA-binding affinity. We also found HNF1A to bind to and regulate GPR39 expression in beta cells. Overall, our studies provide a rich resource for uncovering downstream molecular targets of HNF4A and HNF1A that may contribute to beta cell or hepatic cell (dys)function, and set up a framework for gene discovery and functional validation.

ObjectiveThis study explores the benefits of targeted-immunotherapy combination in third-line or beyond treatment for microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a real-world setting.MethodsPatients with MSS mCRC who were treated with either a targeted-immunotherapy combination or targeted therapy alone in the third-line or beyond setting at our hospital from August 2018 to August 2022 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria comprised patients treated with targeted therapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Effectiveness was compared between treatments, and patients with the potential to benefit from targeted-immunotherapy combination were identified.ResultsAmong 71 patients, 31 received targeted therapies alone (TT group) and 40 received a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy (TI group). The TI group had higher objective response rates (20% vs 3.2%) and disease control rates (82.5% vs 58.1%). The median progression-free survival was significantly better in the TI group (4.6 vs 4.1 months, P = 0.027). Liver metastasis was associated with poor prognosis, while patients with only lung metastases had the longest median progression-free survival of 12.3 months with combination therapy.ConclusionThe study indicates that targeted-immunotherapy combination offers more benefits than targeted therapy alone for MSS mCRC in the third-line or beyond setting.

Powdery mildew (PM) poses an extreme threat to wheat yields and quality. In this study, 262 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Doumai and Shi 4185 cross were used to map PM resistance genes across four environments. High-density genetic linkage map of the Doumai/Shi 4185 RIL population was constructed using the wheat Illumina iSelect 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In total, four stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PM resistance, QPm.caas-2AS, QPm.caas-4AS, QPm.caas-4BL, and QPm.caas-6BS, were detected and explained 5.6%–15.6% of the phenotypic variances. Doumai contributed all the resistance alleles of QPm.caas-2AS, QPm.caas-4AS, QPm.caas-4BL, and QPm.caas-6BS. Among these, QPm.caas-4AS and QPm.caas-6BS overlapped with the previously reported loci, whereas QPm.caas-2AS and QPm.caas-4BL are potentially novel. In addition, six high-confidence genes encoding the NBS-LRR-like resistance protein, disease resistance protein family, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-kinase were selected as the candidate genes for PM resistance. Three kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, Kasp_PMR_2AS for QPm.caas-2AS, Kasp_PMR_4BL for QPm.caas-4BL, and Kasp_PMR_6BS for QPm.caas-6BS, were developed, and their genetic effects were validated in a natural population including 100 cultivars. These findings will offer valuable QTLs and available KASP markers to enhance wheat marker-assisted breeding for PM resistance.

Land-water transition areas play an important role in the functioning of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Enhancing habitat complexity and heterogeneity by restoring or adding land–water transition areas to degraded aquatic ecosystems can be effective management to stimulate productivity by lower trophic levels – and hence increase food availability for biota of conservation interest, including fish and birds. Here, we studied whether hydrological connectivity can be used as an environmental indicator (connected or disconnected) for the development trajectories of newly constructed land–water transition areas in shallow lakes. We capitalized on a large-scale restoration project called “Marker Wadden”, which created new land–water transition areas with and without hydrological connectivity in a degraded shallow lake in the Netherlands (Lake Markermeer). We compared how the new areas with and without hydrological connectivity developed with respect to abiotic parameters and biomasses of benthic, pelagic, and emergent macroinvertebrates. In sites disconnected from the open water, water depths became significantly lower than in hydrologically connected sites during summer, likely due to evaporation. In these shallower waters, daytime temperatures and organic matter content of the sediment were higher, while dissolved oxygen concentrations remained sufficient. Therefore, biomasses of benthic macroinvertebrates and emergent insects became higher in the disconnected sites. These lower trophic levels could provide higher food availability for benthivorous and insectivorous birds, while remaining inaccessible to fish. This puts forward that hydrological connectivity (connected or disconnected) can be used as an environmental indicator for aquatic food web development trajectories, and that it regulates relative food availability for fish and birds. Restoring land–water transition areas without hydrological connectivity provides higher biomasses of lower trophic levels, which are only accessible to birds. Restoring areas with hydrological connectivity results in relatively lower biomasses of invertebrates, but these provide food to birds feeding on invertebrates, and fish and fish-eating birds. Creating areas including both types of land–water transition zones, connected and disconnected to open water can benefit fish and birds of both feeding guilds.

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is susceptible to unbalanced grid voltage and mismatched motor parameters during grid-connected operation. The conventional model predictive control (MPC) has low complexity and fast dynamic response, which is widely used in the control of DFIG. However, it has a high steady-state ripple, large computation, and poor robustness. This paper proposes a three-vector model predictive power control based on linear extended state observer (TVMPPC-LESO) to solve the above problems. The method introduces linear extended state observer (LESO) to estimate the system’s lumped disturbance, which makes the calculation of the rotor reference voltage less dependent on the motor parameters to improve the robustness of the MPC. On this basis, the number of switches is decreased and the steady-state ripple is lowered by applying three voltage vectors in a control period and optimizing the switching sequence acting on the rotor-side converter (RSC). By adding a flexible power compensation value to the original power reference value, the TVMPPC-LESO can be extended to unbalanced grids and improve the grid-connected performance of the DFIG. The simulation and experimental results validate its effectiveness by comparing it with conventional MPC, direct power control with space vector modulation based on extended power theory (EXDPC-SVM), and three-vector-based model predictive power control (TV-MPPC).

ObjectivesCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is essential for treating coronary artery disease, with postoperative aspirin crucial to prevent graft restenosis. However, its gastrointestinal side effects may limit tolerability in some patients. Indobufen presents a potential alternative, but its safety and efficacy need further validation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of indobufen versus aspirin in patients’ post-CABG.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 39 patients who underwent CABG at two centers from January to December 2023. Patients were retrospectively assigned to two groups based on the antiplatelet therapy they received: the indobufen group (n = 19) and the aspirin group (n = 20). The primary endpoint was a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization due to acute coronary syndrome in the intention-to-treat population. Postoperative data on platelet count, hemoglobin, D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and hospital stay length were collected. Transfusion rate, bleeding, thrombotic events, and gastrointestinal adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.ResultsOver the 8-to-18-month follow-up period, 5 patients (25%) in the aspirin group reached the primary endpoint, while none in the indobufen group did, a difference that was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Although the rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, and thrombotic events were higher in the aspirin group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Importantly, the total bleeding events were markedly lower in the indobufen group (15.79% vs. 55%, p = 0.011), with major bleeding events also significantly reduced in the indobufen group (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.04). Both groups showed no significant differences were observed in postoperative hospital stay, hemoglobin, and D-dimer levels between the groups. However, the indobufen group demonstrated significantly lower platelet count and APTT. The average daily cost of indobufen was 27.8 times higher than that of aspirin.ConclusionIndobufen demonstrates a comparable antiplatelet effect to aspirin and offers significant advantages in reducing gastrointestinal adverse reactions and bleeding risk. It can be considered a preferable alternative for patients who cannot tolerate or have contraindications to aspirin. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm its potential as the first-choice antiplatelet therapy post-CABG.

This research reports a case of histological transformation from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to transformed small cell lung cancer (T-SCLC) in a patient undergoing EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aggressive characteristics of the tumor diverged significantly from those commonly associated with lung adenocarcinomas, leading to further histological analysis. The subsequent histological examination confirmed the transformation to SCLC, consistent with established mechanisms of acquired resistance in NSCLC. Given the limited therapeutic options, the patient was administered a serplulimab-based immunochemotherapy regimen, achieving a progression-free survival (PFS) of 6 months post-transformation. The study underscores the potential of PD-1 inhibitors, particularly serplulimab, in the treatment landscape for T-SCLC and highlights the need for future comprehensive research.

Warpage in semiconductor packages is a critical issue that affects their reliability and performance. This study aims to minimize the warpage of a bi-material dummy package by optimizing the post-mold curing (PMC) temperature profile. A warpage simulation model was developed considering the viscoelastic properties and cure shrinkage behavior of the epoxy molding compound (EMC). A compression molding monitoring system was also developed to analyze the cure behavior of the EMC. The gelation point of the EMC during compression molding was determined using a dielectric sensor, while cure shrinkage behaviors were analyzed using a fiber Bragg grating sensor. Viscoelastic properties were characterized through stress relaxation tests, and thermal properties were measured using three-dimensional digital image correlation. The developed simulation model was used to optimize the PMC temperature profile using a genetic algorithm. Experimental validation showed that the optimized temperature profile reduced the warpage from ∼1519 μm to 486 μm compared to a linear profile. The findings of this study have broader implications for the design and manufacturing of semiconductor packages, as the proposed approach can be applied to minimize warpage and improve package reliability.

Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a common feature of neurological disorders and infections, playing a crucial role in the development of CNS-related conditions. CNS inflammation is primarily regulated by glial cells, with astrocytes being the most abundant type in the mammalian CNS. Numerous studies have demonstrated that astrocytes, as immunocompetent cells, perform diverse and complex functions in both health and disease. Glycosylation, a critical post-translational modification of proteins, regulates numerous biological functions. The expression and activity of glycosyltransferases, the enzymes responsible for glycosylation, are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. β-1,4-GalTI, a mammalian glycosyltransferase, plays a significant role in cell-cell interactions, adhesion, and migration. Although many studies have focused on β-1,4-GalTI, few have explored its effects on astrocyte function. In this study, we constructed lentiviral vectors for both interference and overexpression of β-1,4-GalTI and discovered that β-1,4-GalTI knockdown inhibited astrocyte migration and proliferation, while its overexpression promoted these processes. Concurrently, β-1,4-GalTI knockdown reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, whereas overexpression enhanced the expression of these cytokines. These findings suggest that modulating β-1,4-GalTI activity can influence the molecular functions of astrocytes and provide a theoretical foundation for further research into β-1,4-GalTI as a potential therapeutic target in astrocyte-mediated inflammation.

Abstract Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after anesthesia/surgery, especially among elderly patients, and poses a significant threat to their postoperative quality of life and overall well-being. While it is widely accepted that elderly patients may experience POCD following anesthesia/surgery, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Several studies have indicated that the interaction between silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial in controlling cognitive function and is strongly linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, this research aims to explore how SIRT1/BDNF impacts cognitive decline caused by anesthesia/surgery in aged mice. Methods Open field test (OFT) was used to determine whether anesthesia/surgery affected the motor ability of mice, while the postoperative cognitive function of 18 months old mice was evaluated with Novel object recognition test (NORT), Object location test (OLT) and Fear condition test (FC). The expressions of SIRT1 and other molecules were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The hippocampal synaptic plasticity was detected by Golgi staining and Long-term potentiation (LTP). The effects of SIRT1 and BDNF overexpression as well as chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of 18 months old vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) mice on POCD were further investigated. Results The research results revealed that older mice exhibited cognitive impairment following intramedullary fixation of tibial fracture. Additionally, a notable decrease in the expression of SIRT1/BDNF and neuronal excitability in hippocampal CA1 glutamatergic neurons was observed. By increasing levels of SIRT1/BDNF or enhancing glutamatergic neuron excitability in the CA1 region, it was possible to effectively mitigate synaptic plasticity impairment and ameliorate postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions The decline in SIRT1/BDNF levels leading to changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability in older mice could be a significant factor contributing to cognitive impairment after anesthesia/surgery. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Simulation is widely utilized in medical education. Exploring the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation of clinical research within medical education may inform its integration into clinical research training curricula, finally cultivating physician-scientist development. Methods Standard teaching scripts for both clinical trial and cross-sectional study simulation were designed. We recruited undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine at 3th grade into a pre-post intervention study. Additionally, a cross-sectional survey randomly selected medical undergraduates at 4th or 5th grade, medical students in master and doctor degree as external controls. Self-assessment scores of knowledge and practice were collected using a 5-point Likert scale. Changes in scores were tested by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and group comparisons were conducted by Dunn’s tests with multiple corrections. Multivariable quantile regressions were used to explore factors influencing the changes from baseline. Results Seventy-eight undergraduates involved the clinical trial simulation and reported improvement of 1.60 (95% CI, 1.48, 1.80, P

Lithium-ion batteries have been applied in civil aircraft such as the B787 with excellent performance. As the service time of lithium-ion batteries increases, their performance continues to decline. Therefore, accurately predicting the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries is helpful for timely maintenance or replacement, which is important for flight safety. This study extracts features from charge and discharge data of lithium-ion batteries with incremental capacity analysis to predict the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries. To this end, this study calculates the degree of correlation between the features and battery capacity based on grey correlation analysis, and then accordingly filters the features. Finally, a prediction method for the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries is proposed based on improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) and support vector regression (SVR). The IGWO algorithm is proposed to solve the issue wherein grey wolf optimization (GWO) is prone to stagnation at local optima. As a research hotspot in the field of optimization algorithms in recent years, GWO has excellent optimization performance. However, it faces the problem of falling into local optimization and premature convergence in practical applications. To solve this problem, this study proposes IGWO to optimize and rewrite the position update equation and add memory and flight functions to each individual in the wolf pack so as to enhance the global search ability of the algorithm and improve its convergence speed. Furthermore, IGWO uses skew tent mapping to generate chaotic sequences to optimize the initial distribution of the grey wolf pack in the optimization space. Thus, it achieves a more uniform initial distribution effect than the traditional random generation method. This paper conducts an optimization comparison experiment based on commonly used benchmark functions to compare the optimization ability of GWO before and after improvement. The results show that the IGWO algorithm effectively avoids the stagnation at a local optimal value that the GWO algorithm will fall into, with faster convergence speed and better optimization than GWO for almost all functions. In several of these test functions, the optimization accuracy of IGWO is dozens of times higher than that of GWO. The remaining useful life prediction abilities of IGWO-SVR, GWO-SVR, and SVR are compared based on the NASA lithium-ion battery dataset. The results show that the model trained with IGWO-SVR achieves higher prediction accuracy on the data among all four batteries, and the root mean square error of the prediction results is reduced by more than 10% compared with GWO-SVR.

Abstract Background The neural cells in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) display aberrant synchronized oscillatory activity within the beta frequency range. Additionally, enhanced gamma oscillations may serve as a compensatory mechanism for motor inhibition mediated by beta activity and also reinstate plasticity in the primary motor cortex affected by Parkinson’s disease. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can synchronize endogenous oscillations with exogenous rhythms, thereby modulating cortical activity. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the addition of tACS to multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) can improve symptoms of PWP so as to enhance the quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease based on the central-peripheral-central theory. Methods The present study was a randomized, double-blind trial that enrolled 60 individuals with Parkinson’s disease aged between 45 and 70 years, who had Hoehn-Yahr scale scores ranging from 1 to 3. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the tACS + MIRT group or the sham-tACS + MIRT group. The trial consisted of a two-week double-blind treatment period followed by a 24-week follow-up period, resulting in a total duration of twenty-six weeks. The primary outcome measured the change in PDQ-39 scores from baseline (T0) to 4 weeks (T2), 12 weeks (T3), and 24 weeks (T4) after completion of the intervention. The secondary outcome assessed changes in MDS-UPDRS III scores at T0, the end of intervention (T1), T2, T3, and T4. Additional clinical assessments and mechanistic studies were conducted as tertiary outcomes. Discussion The objective of this study is to demonstrate that tACS can enhance overall functionality and improve quality of life in PWP, based on the framework of MIRT. Additionally, it seeks to establish a potential correlation between these therapeutic effects and neuroplasticity alterations in relevant brain regions. The efficacy of tACS will be assessed during the follow-up period in order to optimize neuroplasticity and enhance its potential impact on rehabilitation efficiency for PWP. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300071969. Registered on 30 May 2023.

Here, we regularly followed two SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten infected participants in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity in the first cohort. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included in the second cohort. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the first cohort, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity from memory B cells (MBC) against SARS-CoV-2 mutants were obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted from 1- month to 6- month post infection. The overall number of mAbs from MBC in the boosted immunization group was higher than that in the nonboosted immunization group at 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the second cohort, circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and AIM + CD4 + T cells increased over time in the reinfection group (P < 0.05). In both cohorts, serum NAb titers showed significant immune escape, while cTfh and AIM + CD4 + T cells in the second cohort essentially showed no immune escape to new strains (including XBB, EG.5). AIM + CD4 + T cells against BA.5 and EG.5 were strongly negatively correlated with the time to viral clearance in the reinfected group at 6-months post-infection. We comprehensively assessed the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 boosted immunization and reinfection-induced generation of T/B cell immune memories in preventing reinfection.

Corrosion of rebar often leads to the degradation of the bond-slip performance of reinforced concrete members, which is a serious issue in historical buildings. The bond-slip behavior of square rebar, which is widely used in historical reinforced concrete buildings, is significantly different from that of round rebar. In this paper, a bond-slip model of corroded square rebar reinforced concrete was developed. First, 18 square rebar reinforced concrete cube pull-out specimens are made, and the corrosion of rebars is accelerated by electrochemical corrosion experiments. Second, a universal global optimization method was used to construct the bond slip expression and the four-fold line bond-slip model with different corrosion rates was obtained by using the minimum Euclidean distance point. Third, the calculation formulas for the bond strength reduction coefficient and slip ratio of corroded square rebar-concrete in historical reinforced concrete buildings are derived. Finally, the bond-slip constitutive model of corroded square rebar-concrete in historical reinforced concrete buildings is established. The results show that the model is more accurate, simple, effective, and easy to use in practical engineering. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for the structural evaluation and conservation of historical reinforced concrete buildings.

In recent years, solar-powered photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production has drawn great attention as a method to supply clean energy and reduce environmental pollution. This approach, driven by solar energy to synthesize hydrogen gas, is completely renewable and can be used to power hydrogen fuel cells to effectively solve the global energy problem, while only releasing environmentally benign water. Accordingly, popularizing this subject and educating students with the knowledge of this powerful technology are urgently needed. In this paper, Pt-loaded commercial titanium dioxide (P25) is used as the photocatalyst to explore the process of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. A simple experimental demonstration is presented, integrating photocatalytic hydrogen production with a hydrogen fuel cell system in chemistry class. This experiment is suitable for use with undergraduate students as a systematic and basic laboratory experience or as a demonstration for primary/middle/high school students to stimulate their research interests in field of renewable energy. The principles and reaction mechanisms involved in both photocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen fuel cell operation, as well as the experimental design to link photocatalysis with fuel cells, are systematically discussed.

Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is used to recycle the cellular components from the cytoplasm. It plays a crucial function in responding to both biotic and abiotic stress, as well as in the growth and development of plants. Autophagy-related genes (ATG) and their functions have been identified in numerous crop species. However, their specific tasks in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), are still not well understood. This work is the first to identify and characterize the potato StATG18 subfamily gene at the whole-genome level, resulting in a total of 6 potential StATG18 subfamily genes. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships, chromosome distribution and gene replication, conserved motifs and gene structure, interspecific collinearity relationship, and cis-regulatory elements of the ATG18 subfamily members using bioinformatics approaches. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that StATG18 subfamily genes exhibit differential expression in various tissues and organs of potato plants. When exposed to heat stress, their expression pattern was observed in the root, stem, and leaf. Based on a higher expression profile, the StATG18a gene was further analyzed under heat stress in potatoes. The subcellular localization analysis of StATG18a revealed its presence in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, StATG18a altered the growth indicators, physiological characteristics, and photosynthesis of potato plants under heat stresses. In conclusion, this work offers a thorough assessment of StATG18 subfamily genes and provides essential recommendations for additional functional investigation of autophagy-associated genes in potato plants. Moreover, these results also contribute to our understanding of the potential mechanism and functional validation of the StATG18a gene’s persistent tolerance to heat stress in potato plants.

Abstract Background Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs), a type of double‐stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) that facilitate the activation of the DNA sensing machinery, have been implicated in the progression and prognosis of various diseases. While the roles of eccDNAs remain contentious, their significance in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been reported. Methods Circular DNA sequencing (circle‐seq) was used to demonstrate the expression profile of eccDNAs in DLBCL, and atomic force microscopy to validate the presence of eccDNAs. CCK‐8 and scRNA‐seq techniques were employed to uncover the activation of eccDNA in the STING pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation. Chemotherapeutic drugs were used to test the hypothesis that DNA damage induces the production of eccDNA, thereby activating the STING pathway independent of cGAS. GEO databases were used for verification of the prognosis of the eccDNA‐related genes, and animal models were used to investigate the synergistic effects of DNA damage therapy in combination with STING inhibitors on anti‐tumour responses. Results EccDNAs were widely expressed in DLBCL and associated with the prognosis of patients. Elevated abundance of eccDNAs promoted the progression of DLBCL. Chemotherapeutic drugs‐induced DNA damage triggered the generation of eccDNAs, resulting in the activation of the STING signalling in a cGAS‐independent manner. Moreover, inhibition of STING exerted a synergistic anti‐tumour effect with cisplatin. Conclusions EccDNAs induced by DNA damage exert an oncogenic role in DLBCL via activating the STING signalling independently of cGAS. This finding offers a rational therapeutic strategy combining chemotherapy with targeting STING. Highlights EccDNAs induced by DNA damage exert an oncogenic role in DLBCL via activating the STING signalling independently of cGAS. The combined treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs with STING inhibitor significantly delayed the tumor progression, providing new insights into the therapeutic strategy for patients with DLBCL, particularly the relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) ones.

Supply chain disruptions caused by major public health crises will severely impact the economic growth. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the above proposition, taking the strict lockdown policy and supply chain disruption in Hubei Province at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic as a case, to provide decision-making reference for the government in supply chain management under major public health crisis. To achieve this goal, this paper firstly measures the supply chain network of Hubei province via the multi-region and multi-sector value-added model; then empirically studies the impact of lockdown policy and supply chain disruption on provincial economic growth, with the monthly data of 31 provinces covering January 2018 to December 2022, by the Difference in Difference method. The results show that: the lockdown policy and supply chain disruption under the Covid-19 epidemic negatively affected provincial economic growth; moreover, supply chain disruptions make provinces closer to Hubei more vulnerable to economic shocks. The results are significant in the placebo test, and are further supported in the robustness test of alternative variables and data. We further discussed the Business Cycle Co-movement between Hubei and other provinces, and the probable impact mechanism of supply chain interruption on economic growth in the Covid-19 epidemic. This study shows that supply chain network plays an important role in the transmission of interregional economic shocks, as well as its importance for economic growth, especially in major public health crises.

Manganese dioxide has been significantly utilized in zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). However, in the rechargeable battery system, the manganese dioxide cathode suffers from poor conductivity, volume expansion, and substance dissolution, resulting in low capacity and poor stability. Herein, a 3D frame structure MnO2@CNTs cathode is proposed. In this system, the electrodeposited spherical MnO2 is anchored and interlinked via the in‐situ growth carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the carbon cloth. Benefiting the unique 3D frame structure, the MnO2 structure crush problem and the pathway of the electrons and ions are dramatically improved. The optimized MnO2@CNTs cathode demonstrate a high capacity of 256.35 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exceptional cycling stability. Furthermore, in‐situ Raman spectroscopy elucidates the energy storage mechanism of aqueous ZIBs (AZIBs). Moreover, COMSOL finite elements analysis demonstrates that the petal edge‐rich nanostructures of MnO2@CNTs generate a localized high electric field under constant current, accelerating ion/electron transfer. This work explains the rationale for CNTs to improve the properties of MnO2 cathodes, providing a new perspective for the design of high‐performance batteries.

BackgroundAugmented reality (AR) technology is gradually being applied in surgical teaching as an innovative teaching method. Developing innovative teaching methods to replicate clinical theory and practical teaching scenarios, simulate preoperative planning and training for bone tumor surgery, and offer enhanced training opportunities for young physicians to acquire and apply clinical knowledge is a crucial concern that impacts the advancement of the discipline and the educational standards for young orthopedic physicians.ObjectiveThis study explores the application effect of augmented reality technology in anatomy teaching and surgical clinical teaching for spinal tumor.MethodsThe method utilizes virtual reality and augmented reality technology to present a spinal tumor model and the surgical process of percutaneous vertebroplasty. We conducted a random selection of 12 students forming into the augmented reality teaching group and 13 students forming into the traditional teaching group among the 8-year medical students from Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua University, ensuring that the age and learning stage of the students in both groups were similar. Two groups of students were taught using traditional teaching methods and augmented reality technology-assisted teaching methods, respectively. A questionnaire survey was conducted after class to assess the quality of course instruction, student motivation in learning, their proficiency in anatomical structures, their comprehension of spinal tumor growth and metastasis, and their understanding and proficiency in percutaneous vertebroplasty.ResultsThis study was the first to apply augmented reality technology in teaching, using spinal tumors and percutaneous vertebroplasty as examples, a head-mounted augmented reality device was used to create learning scenarios, presenting the complex three-dimensional spatial structure intuitively. The two groups of students differ significantly in their rating of teaching quality, enthusiasm for learning, knowledge of anatomical features, understanding of spinal trabecular structure, and understanding of steps in percutaneous vertebroplasty. The augmented reality technology-assisted teaching system demonstrates outstanding advantages.ConclusionAugmented reality technology has great potential and broad prospects in teaching bone tumors, which can help improve the visualization, interactivity, and three-dimensional spatial sense of medical teaching in spinal tumor. The application and development prospects of using augmented reality technology for anatomy instruction, surgical teaching, and simulation training are extensive.

In the present study, we explored the relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability to construct a cross-level moderated mediation model based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory. By conducting a time-lagged study involving three data collection points from 587 employees across 104 teams in China, we examined how and when proactive personality predicts employees' career adaptability using strengths use as a mediator and managerial coaching as boundary conditions. The results revealed that proactive personality predicted strengths use, which, in turn, influenced career adaptability, with managerial coaching moderating the indirect relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability. Consequently, our findings suggest that, in contexts where managerial coaching lacks guidance, facilitation, and inspiration, a proactive personality encourages employees to leverage their strengths, subsequently enhancing their career adaptability. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, address limitations, and propose directions for future research.

BackgroundPredicting vaccination behaviors accurately could provide insights for health care professionals to develop targeted interventions. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop predictive models for influenza vaccination behavior among children in China. MethodsWe obtained data from a prospective observational study in Wuxi, eastern China. The predicted outcome was individual-level vaccine uptake and covariates included sociodemographics of the child and parent, parental vaccine hesitancy, perceptions of convenience to the clinic, satisfaction with clinic services, and willingness to vaccinate. Bayesian networks, logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and decision tree classifiers were used to construct prediction models. Various performance metrics, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the different models. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots were used to assess model performance. ResultsA total of 2383 participants were included in the study; 83.2% of these children (n=1982) were

Neuropsychological assessments play a vital role in the early detection of cognitive disorders. However, the lack of Singapore-specific norms has resulted in a reliance on international, usually Western, norms that potentially reduce the accuracy and reliability of assessments due to sociocultural differences.1 Moreover, the lack of longitudinal norms limits the reliable monitoring of cognitive changes over time.

Abstract In order to treat dyes in the wastewater of the printing industry and to reutilize walnut shell (WS) waste generate economic benefits, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) pretreatment technology was developed to prepare porous biochar as a precursor for adsorption material. Orthogonal experiments were conducted at the temperatures of 200, 300, and 400 ℃ with durations of 20, 40, and 60 min, and a control group was set up using N2 pretreatment. Then, KOH activation was employed to prepare biochar adsorption material. The biochars were analyzed and characterized using TGA, BET, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD, and the liquid and gas phase products of the pretreatment process were analyzed semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using GC–MS and gas chromatography. Methylene blue (MB) dye was selected as an indicator to measure the adsorption capacity of biochar, and adsorption kinetics were analyzed based on the data. The results indicate that pretreatment with SC-CO2 effectively enhanced the performance and yield of the activated carbon. The highest specific surface area increased by 18%, and the maximum adsorption of MB increased by 23% compared to the N2 control group. The yield increased by 8–262% and the specific surface area increased by 50–192% compared to the direct activation of walnut shell (WS). During the pretreatment processes for the preparation of biochar adsorption material with the best specific surface area, phenol-enriched bio-oil was produced as a by-product which has economic value. Graphical Abstract

Wastewater from the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass contains a significant amount of phenolic structures compounds. The degradation of these phenolic compounds to hydrogen-rich gasses can prevent environmental pollution and save energy. Supercritical water (SCW) gasification of phenol is experimentally studied and a reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulation is conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of Ni/Al2O3 in the phenol degradation. The experimental results indicate that Ni/Al2O3 facilitates the conversion of phenol to 1-ethoxy butane via ring opening, which is a crucial step for complete gasification. The ReaxFF-MD simulation demonstrated that Ni facilitates the formation of H3O free radicals and Ni-phenol intermediates. H3O free radicals can be decomposed into H2 and OH free radicals. Both the generated OH free radical and Ni-phenol intermediate promote the ring-opening reaction of phenol. Ni promotes the direct decomposition of phenol into C1, C2, and C3 fragments, which is beneficial for further complete gasification.

ABSTRACTObjectives Despite their use, differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacies remain uncertain. This study assesses efficacy differences among bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent HPV (2vHPV, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV) vaccines.Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing HPV vaccine efficacy against persistent infection (≥6 months) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Network meta-analysis yielded direct and indirect comparisons. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported, and robustness was evaluated via sensitivity analysis.Results In 11 randomized controlled trials with 58,881 healthy women, for persistent infection with HPV 16, 9vHPV was most effective at 97% (RR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08); for HPV 18, 2vHPV (Cecolin) was most effective at 98% (RR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00–0.29); for CIN2+ associated with HPV 16 and 18, 4vHPV was most effective at 99% (RR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.10) and 97% (RR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.45), respectively; for persistent infection with HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, 9vHPV was ≥ 95% effective; both 2vHPV vaccines were cross-effective against HPV 31, 33, and 45; and 4vHPV was cross-effective against HPV 31.Conclusions HPV vaccine efficacies differ for different HPV types. Additional data are needed to determine the cross-efficacy of 2vHPV (Cecolin).

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main factors contributing to the greenhouse effect. The dependence on fossil fuels has led to increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere every year. And it is far from enough to solve the climate problem by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels to cut down carbon dioxide emissions. In recent years, a series of researches on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) have been carried out in various countries around the world. CO2 is a nontoxic, tasteless and stable gas at normal temperature. However, when it reaches supercritical state after rising temperature and pressure, it has the characteristics of low viscosity, high diffusivity and high density, and is widely used in green, pollution-free and efficient development technology. Because of these unique properties, supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) has attracted more and more attention from researchers. sCO2 has been widely used in many aspects by virtue of its high solubility and easy compression. Different from previous reviews which only introduced the application of sCO2 property, this paper introduces the current research status of the application of the thermodynamic property of carbon dioxide in extraction, dyeing, pharmaceutical, power generation, heat transfer and exploitation of unconventional oil and gas, and mainly analyzes each application in detail from the aspects of working mechanism and improving working efficiency. Finally, the research direction and problems needed to be solved for the application of CO2 thermal physics are proposed, which pave the way for other new applications.

Metasurfaces, which are ultrathin planar metamaterials arranged in certain global sequences, interact uniquely with the surrounding light field and exhibit unusual effects of light modulation. Many interesting applications have been discovered based on metasurfaces, particularly in invisibility cloaks. However, most invisibility cloaks are limited to working in specific directions. Achieving effectiveness in multiple directions requires the metasurface to be designed with both perception and modulation capabilities. Current multi-directional metasurface cloak systems are implemented with discrete components rather than an integrated sensing component. Here, we propose an intelligent metasurface cloak system that integrates sensing units, resulting in the cloaking effect with the help of a real-time direction sensor and an adaptive feedback control system. A reconfigurable reflective meta-atom based on phase modulation is presented. Sensing units replace parts of the meta-atoms in the designed tunable metasurface, integrating with an FPGA responsible for measuring the direction and frequency of the incident wave, constituting a closed-loop system together with the feedback parts. Experimental results demonstrate that the metasurface cloak system can recognize the different directions of the incoming wave, and can adaptively manipulate the reflected phase of EM waves to conceal objects without any human participation.

A method for measuring multi-joint finger trajectories is proposed using MediaPipe. In this method, a high-speed camera is used to record finger movements. Subsequently, the recorded finger movement data are input into MediaPipe, where the system automatically extracts the coordinate data of the key points in the finger movements. From this, we obtain data pertaining to the trajectory of the finger movements. In order to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of this experimental method, we compared it with the DH method and the Artificial keypoint alignment method in terms of metrics such as MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), maximum distance error, and the time taken to process 500 images. The results demonstrated that our method can detect multiple finger joints in a natural, efficient, and accurate manner. Then, we measured posture for three selected hand movements. We determined the position coordinates of the joints and calculated the angular acceleration of the joint rotation. We observed that the angular acceleration can fluctuate significantly over a very short period of time (less than 100 ms), in some cases increasing to more than ten times the initial acceleration. This finding underscores the complexity of finger joint movements. This study can provide support and reference for the design of finger rehabilitation robots and dexterous hands.