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Fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability may make an impact on adverse events in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the association between long-term changes in FBG and cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this association in a large-scale longitudinal study.Data were collected from 46 761 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 20-80 years who participated in the Diabetes Standardized Management Program in Shanghai, China. We adopted four indicators, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variation independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability (ARV) to describe FBG variability. Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were used to investigate the association between long-term FBG variability and cancer risk. We also determined the interactive effect of FBG variability with hypertension and FBG-mean with hypertension on cancer risk, respectively.In this study, we confirmed 2218 cancer cases (51.1% male) over a median follow-up of 2.86 years. In the multivariable-adjusted models, participants in the highest quartile of FBG variability had an increased risk of cancer compared with those in the lowest quartile. The nonlinear association was found when using FBG-VIM, FBG-ARV, and FBG-SD in restricted cubic spline plots. There was a significant interaction effect of FBG variability with hypertension on cancer, whereas the effect of FBG-mean with hypertension did not attain significance.Our retrospective cohort study demonstrated a positive association between the long-term changes in FBG and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. FBG variability may independently predict cancer incidence.背景: 空腹血糖(FBG)变异性可能对糖尿病患者的不良事件产生影响。然而，空腹血糖的长期变化与癌症之间的联系仍不清楚。本研究旨在一项大规模纵向研究中调查和量化这种关联。 方法: 对参加中国上海市糖尿病标准化管理项目的46,761例年龄在20到80岁的2型糖尿病患者进行调查。我们采用标准差(SD)、变异系数(CV)、独立于均值的变异(VIM)和平均实际变异(ARV)4个指标来描述FBG的变异性。调整后的多变量COX回归分析和限制三次样条法被用来调查长期空腹血糖(FBG)变异性与癌症风险之间的关系。我们还分别确定了空腹血糖变异性与高血压和空腹血糖均值与高血压之间的交互作用对癌症风险的影响。 结果: 在这项研究中，我们确认了2218例癌症病例(51.1%为男性)，平均随访时间为2.86年。在多变量校正模型中，FBG变异性最高四分位的参与者比那些最低四分位数的参与者患癌症的风险更高。在限制三次样条图中使用FBG-VIM、FBG-ARV和FBG-SD时，发现了非线性关联。FBG变异性与高血压之间存在显著的交互作用，而FBG均值与高血压之间的交互作用不显著。 结论: 我们的回顾性队列研究显示，FBG的长期变化与2型糖尿病患者的癌症风险呈正相关。FBG变异性可独立预测癌症发病率。.

The main factors influencing the choice of individual subjects of the scientific activity or potential partners and executors for scientific and educational projects were analyzed. The specific features of choosing project executors of different categories were indicated. The functional responsibilities of project participants in accordance with the project structure were described. The individually oriented method for choosing subjects of scientific activity as executors of scientific and educational projects was developed, taking into account the productivity of their scientific activities in the past and considering the structure of projects. To determine the merits of the subjects of scientific activity, which are included in the relevant scientific subject spaces, it is necessary to apply the procedure of their productivity assessment. In addition, it is necessary to predict a change in productivity in the future based on retrospective data for this subject. Next, it is required to solve the multi-criteria problem of the choice among the subjects of scientific activity who are quite productive in the opinion of the project manager. The use of the developed method reduces the subjective impact on making a decision regarding the choice of project executors. This is due to the fact that they are chosen by automated calculation of scientometric indicators of subjects, guided only by open sources of information. The individually oriented method for the selection of subjects of scientific activity was verified on the example of the formation of three applications of research projects. As a result, the average percentage of scientists who meet the requirements of project managers for each scientific subject space was about 46.55%. The percentage of those involved in the project from those who were selected is about 24.07%. The probability of cooperation is higher among those who have an average H-index.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound widespread in fruits and plants, displays a variety of pharmacological activities including regulating blood glucose and lipids, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis. The study was aimed to investigate the renal protective effects of FA on diabetic rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. FA (100 mg kg-1, i.g., once a day) was administered to DN rats for 8 weeks. The organ coefficient of kidneys was calculated. Levels of UP, BUN, Cr, FBG, TC and TG in serum were measured. Activities of SOD, CAT and GPx and the content of MDA in renal tissues were assayed. Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed by HE staining, PAS staining, PASM staining, Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy. p-NF-κB p65, TNF-α, TGF-β1, collagen IV, nephrin and podocin protein expressed in renal tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results showed that FA significantly improved the kidney organ coefficient, decreased the UP, BUN, Cr, FBG, TC and TG levels in serum, increased SOD, CAT and GPx activities, reduced MDA content in renal tissues and alleviated pathological injury of the renal tissues. What's more, long-term treatment with FA considerably down-regulated the expressions of p-NF-κB p65, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and collagen IV proteins, and up-regulated the expressions of nephrin and podocin proteins in renal tissues. FA could be a renoprotective agent by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as improving podocyte injury in STZ-induced DN rats.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Overexpression of inflammatory chemokine and cytokines is involved in the development of DN. Ursolic acid (UA), a common pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been reported to have myriad benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats have not been firmly established. In the current report, we investigated whether UA inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by STZ (40 mg/ kg, i.v.). Animals were randomly divided into control group (normal saline, i.g.), DN group (normal saline, i.g.), DN + UA group (35 mg/kg UA + normal saline, i.g.) and DN + telmisartan group (12 mg/kg telmisartan + normal saline, i.g.). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored at regular intervals. The administration of compounds started at 5th week and lasted for 8 weeks. At the beginning of 13th week, rats were humanely euthanized, KW/BW, BUN, SCr, SOD and MDA were measured. Histopathological changes in renal tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Furthermore, the expressions of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-1β in kidney were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Our results showed that UA significantly lowered the levels of FBG, KW/BW, BUN, SCr and MDA in diabetic rats. Additionally, the SOD activity in UA treated group was higher than that in DN group. Furthermore, renal structural abnormalities and the elevation of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-1β expression level were blocked by the administration of UA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that UA could be well used as a protective agent to counter renal dysfunction - through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

To study the effect of ursolic acid on cardiomyopathy in mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low dose streptozotocin, and to explore its possible mechanism.Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group (Compared with the control group, HMI, LVMI were apparently enlarged, levels of FBG, CK, LDH in serum and MDA in myocardial tissue were extremely increased, while the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue were extraordinary decreased in diabetic group. HE staining of myocardium showed that arrangement disorder of myocardial fibers, edema and hypertrophy in myocardial cell, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in myocardial tissue increased obviously in model group, the above changes inursolic acid group were significantly ameliorated.Ursolic acid has a obvious protective effect on myocardial injury in mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low dose streptozotocin, and its mechanism may be associated with inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reducing IL-1β generation and alleviating myocardial inflammatory injury.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified that an improvement in treatment efficacy was achieved using Endostar; however, the role of Endostar in lung cancer remains poorly understood. The present study investigated whether the enhanced antitumor effects of Endostar in combination with radiation involved changes in the metabolism and microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer. A Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model was used, including the control, Endostar (ES), radiotherapy (RT) and Endostar plus radiotherapy (ES + RT) groups. The tumor inhibition rates and growth were described based on changes in tumor volume. In addition, ultraviolet enzymatic analysis was performed to determine the lactate level and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A Meph-3 pH meter was used to detect the ranges of tumor interstitial tissue pH, and immunohistochemical analysis was adopted to examine hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment. The tumor inhibition rate of the ES + RT group was significantly higher compared with the other three groups (P

To analyze the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2010 and evaluate the safety of vaccines.The data of AEFI cases were collected and reported by the Vaccine Adverse Events Surveillance System (VAESS). The data were classified as non-serious or serious reaction according to the symptoms and medical records.From 2007 to 2010, 5088 AEFI cases were reported to the surveillance system after 4.85 million doses of 24 kinds of vaccines (viral vaccines, bacterial vaccine and non-vaccine product) use. A total of 5013 non-serious AEFI were reported with a rate of 103.24/100 000 doses. Among the non-serious AEFIs, the majority were fever (3314 cases, 68.25/100 000 doses), followed by local reactions (1686 cases, 34.72/100 000 doses). A total of 75 serious AEFIs were reported, with a rate of 1.54/100 000 doses. The anaphylaxis (26 cases, 0.54/100 000 doses) accounted for the most among the serious AEFIs, followed by allergic rash (24 cases, 0.49/100 000 doses) and abscess at injection site (14 cases, 0.29/100 000 doses). The susceptibility of data on AEFI rose year by year from 2007 to 2010, and the reported rate rose from 40.48/100 000 in 2007 to 134.17/100 000 in 2010.To maintain the sensitivity of AEFI surveillance is key to detect rare serious adverse events. The sensitivity should be enhanced, at the same time, pediatricians should treat the AEFI with standard methods, so as to minimize the negative impacts of vaccination and to maintain the confidence among the public.