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Miao Zhang, Jing Liu, Yu-Chen Pan, Hui-Li Liu, Jing Shu, Xiao-Ming Wu, Yang Yang Department of Pediatric Gynecology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045, ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Liu, Department of Pediatric Gynecology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010 59616889, Email liujing2893@126.comObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of vaginal flora and drug resistance in bacterial vaginitis among girls.Methods: A total of 3099 girls (0– 10 years old) with vaginitis who visited the Beijing Children’s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the present study. The clinical data, results of bacterial culture of vaginal secretions, and drug sensitivity reports of the subjects were collected and analyzed.Results: Of the 3099 girls with vaginitis, 399 girls had a positive bacterial culture of vaginal secretions. Nineteen types of bacteria were cultured from the vaginal secretions of these 399 girls, with a total of 419 strains. The top three infective bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (127 strains, 30.31%), Staphylococcus aureus (66 strains, 15.75%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (32 strains, 7.64%). Additionally, 20 girls were simultaneously infected with two types of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Group G Streptococcus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa more frequently occurred in mixed infections. The number and bacterial detection rate among school-age girls were higher than those of preschool-age girls. We found seasonal variation in infection rates, and vaginitis among girls was higher in summer. Recurrence of vaginitis in girls was not related to the type of pathogenic bacteria in the infection. Drug sensitivity analyses showed that the resistance rates of clindamycin and erythromycin were generally high, 70– 100%. After the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the resistance rates of some antibiotics had decreased to varying degrees.Conclusion: Improving the understanding of vaginal flora and drug resistance in girls with vaginitis will facilitate the selection of highly effective and sensitive antibacterial drugs and reduce the production of drug-resistant strains.Keywords: drug sensitivity analysis, girls, pathogenic bacteria, vaginitis

Two new sesquiterpenes, including 7-epi-3-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (1) and (7S,10R)-11-hydroxy-4,5-seco-guai-1-ene-4-one (2); one new natural product (11-hydroxy-1-oxo-4β,5β,7β,10β-eremophilane); (3) and nine known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. Their structures as well as their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 to 9 were tested to evaluate their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 5 and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 40.43 and 32.56 μM, respectively, compared to the positive control (i.e., dexamethasone, IC50 = 70.35 μM), and compound 4 exhibited a weaker activity, with an IC50 value of 112.56 μM.

A novel, practical, highly efficient, and transition metal free nitrogen insertion reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone derivatives was developed. Diverse functionalized 3-indolinone-2-carboxylates and nitrosoarenes with a wide range of substituted nitrosobenzenes, nitrosopyridines, dibenzofuranyl, or dibenzothienyl nitroso compounds worked smoothly to give 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone derivatives in good to excellent yields (69-98%). A gram-scale reaction was achieved, and an afloqualone analogue was synthesized under the mild reaction conditions.

With the aim of overcoming the slow crystallization rate of Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a heterogeneous nucleating agent, N, N, N, N’-salicylic tetra(1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid)...

Developing more organic nucleating agent with different molecular structure is very instructive to improve the crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and explore the crystallization mechanism. In this study, N, N’-sebacic bis(hydrocinnamic acid) dihydrazide (HAD) was synthesized to serve as a nucleating agent for PLLA. The effects of HAD on the non-isothermal crystallization, melting behavior, thermal stability and optical performance of PLLA were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and light transmittance meter. The melt crystallization behavior showed that HAD was able to promote the crystallization of PLLA via heterogenous nucleation in cooling, and it was found that, upon the cooling of 1°C/min, the incorporation of 1 wt% HAD made the crystallization temperature and non-isothermal crystallization enthalpy increase from 94.5°C and 0.1 J/g to 131.6°C and 48.5 J/g comparing with the pure PLLA. Additionally, the melt crystallization significantly depended on the cooling rate and the final melting temperature. For the cold crystallization, when the nucleation density from HAD and PLLA itself was saturated, the influence of the HAD concentration on the cold crystallization process of the PLLA/HAD samples is negligible. The melting behavior after isothermal or non-isothermal crystallization further confirmed the crystallization accelerating effect of HAD for PLLA, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melting-recrystallization. Unfortunately, the addition of HAD decreased the thermal stability and light transmittance of PLLA.

To investigate the effects of down-regulating of c-Met expression to the proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells.According to transfection the RPMI8226 cells were dividide into RPMI 8226 (untreated RPMI 8226), RPMI 8226 /shRNA-Met and RPMI8226/shRNA-control group, respectively. Protein expression level of c-Met was detected by Western blot so as to evaluate transfection condition; the proliferation of the cells was detected by MTT; apoptosis and cycle of the cells were detected by flow cytometry; effect of c-Met/shRNA on RPMI 8226 cell adhesion was detected by RPMI 8226 cell adherence to ECM (Fn and Matrigel) and ECV304 cells. Invasiveness of RPMI 8226 cell was detected by Transwell assay.The c-Met short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was successfully transfected into RPMI 8226 cells, and could inhibit the expression of c-Met significantly. The down-regulation of c-Met could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells significantly. The percentage of cells in the GKnockdown of c-Met can affect the proliferation, adherence, invasiveness and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma RPMI 8226 cells.下调Met表达对骨髓瘤RPMI 8226细胞生物学行为的影响.探讨下调c-Met表达对多发性骨髓瘤RPMI 8226细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响.将RPMI 8226 细胞根据转染，分为对照组（RPMI8226细胞不做转染）、RPMI 8226/shRNA-control组和RPMI 8226/shRNA-Met组。采用Western blot检测c-Met蛋白表达水平以验证转染情况；采用MTT法检测细胞增殖; 采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡；与ECM（FN和Matrigel）和ECV304细胞的粘附检测其粘附能力；Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力.shRNA-Met可成功转染于RPMI 8226细胞，并有效抑制c-Met的表达，下调c-Met表达能有效抑制RPMI8226细胞增殖。与对照组相比较，shRNA-Met组在G下调Met表达可影响骨髓瘤RPMI 8226细胞的增殖、粘附、侵袭和凋亡等生物学行为.

Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals used in products of daily necessities. The evidence on the relationship of prenatal phthalates exposure and preterm birth remain uncertain and dimed. We Searched Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed and Qvid Medline and selected studies according to a priori defined inclusion criteria. A total of 20 relevant studies published before March 31, 2020, were included. The main methods to detect heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies were the Q-statistic and Begg's test. Overall summary estimates indicated positive association of prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [number of studies (n) = 11, odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89, 1.4], diethyl phthalate [n = 11, OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.3], dibutyl phthalate [n = 10, OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.4], butyl benzyl phthalate [n = 10, OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.2], diisobutyl phthalate [n = 9, OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.3], diisononyl phthalate [n = 4, OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.3], and phthalates were negatively associated with gestational age except di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononyl phthalate. Most of them were not statistically significant. Subgroup analysis indicated that the heterogeneity was mainly found in the studies conducted in China and matrix collected at first trimester of pregnancy. Substantial heterogeneity and inconsistency of research methods may lead to inconsistent results of maternal phthalates exposure with preterm birth. We recommend a multicenter cohort study with a consistent approach to unravel the complex associations of prenatal phthalates exposure with birth outcomes.

We have prepared polyion complex (PIC) hydrogel consisting of poly(3-(methacryloylamino)propyl-trimethylamonium chloride) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) polyelectrolytes via a two-step polymerization procedure and have investigated specific ion effects on the self-healing of the PIC hydrogel. Our study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of the PIC hydrogel are strongly dependent on the type of the ions doped in the hydrogel. The ion-specific effects can be used to modulate the self-healing efficiency of the PIC hydrogel. As the doped anions change from kosmotrops to chaotropes, the self-healing efficiency of the PIC hydrogel increases. A more chaotropic anion has a stronger ability to break the ionic bonds formed within the hydrogel, leading to a higher efficiency during the healing.

The organocatalytic asymmetric allylic etherification reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and silanols was reported for the first time. With modified cinchona alkaloid (DHQD)2PYR as the catalyst, a series of aromatic, heterocyclic, or aliphatic Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates (25 examples) worked well with triphenylsilanol, affording the corresponding products in moderate to good yields (up to 98%), high regioselectivities (>20:1), and good enantioselectivities (up to 92%). When dimethylphenylsilanol was used as the nucleophile, the product was obtained in 60% yield and 87% ee.

To establish bortezomib (BOR)-resistant human multiple myeloma U266 cell line U266/BOR and to detect its biological characteristics.U266 cells were constantly exposed at low dose and progressively increasing dose of BOR to establish U266/BOR, the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscopy, ICThe MM U266/BOR cell line was successfully constructed and its resistance index was up to 19.8. The both cell morphologies were not different. Compared with U266 cells, the multiplication time was postponed with the increase of GThe BOR-resistant U266 cell line has been establiseed successfully. It provides an ideal cell model for further exploration of the mechanism for BOR resistance.

By using eucalyptus wood biotemplate, a novel porous composite material of iron oxides and carbon (PC-Fe/C) was manufactured for adsorption of oxoanion pollutants. The material's microstructure and characteristic were investigated by different characterization techniques. The experimental results show that the PC-Fe/C composite mainly consisted of hematite, magnetite, and carbon, and preserved the porous hierarchical texture of the wood with 70 ∼ 120 µm macropores, 4.1 ∼ 6.4 µm mesopores, and 0.1 ∼ 1.3 µm micropores. Its Brunauer-Emmtee-Teller (BET) surface area was 59.2 m2 g−1. The maximum adsorption capacities were 2.49, 2.96, and 0.69 mg g−1 for arsenic(V), chromium(VI), and phosphorus(V), respectively. The adsorption capacities of the unpulverized material as a novel filtration adsorbent are comparable to fine particles of the pulverized material, natural, and synthetic iron oxides.

Polygalacturonase (PG), one of the hydrolases responsible for cell wall pectin degradation, is involved in organ consenescence and biotic stress in plants. PG1 is composed of a catalytic subunit, PG2, and a non-catalytic PG1β subunit. OsBURP16 belongs to the PG1β-like subfamily of BURP-family genes and encodes one putative PG1β subunit precursor in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Transcription of OsBURP16 is induced by cold, salinity and drought stresses, as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Analysis of plant survival rates, relative ion leakage rates, accumulation levels of H2O2 and water loss rates of leaves showed that overexpression of OsBURP16 enhanced sensitivity to cold, salinity and drought stresses compared with controls. Young leaves of Ubi::OsBURP16 transgenic plants showed reduced cell adhesion and increased cuticular transpiration rate. Mechanical strength measurement of Ubi::OsBURP16 plants showed that reduced force was required to break leaves as compared with wild type. Transgenic rice showed enhanced PG activity and reduced pectin content. All these results suggested that overexpression of OsBURP16 caused pectin degradation and affected cell wall integrity as well as transpiration rate, which decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses. The cell wall is a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. Overexpression of stress-inducible OsBURP16, the beta-subunit of polygalacturonase 1, decreases pectin contents and cell adhesion in rice. Analyses of plant survival, ion leakage, H2O2 levels, and leaf water loss showed that these effects of overexpression were accompanied by enhanced sensitivity to cold, salinity and drought compared to the wild-type. Our data therefore provide new information on links between polygalacturonase activity and abiotic stress resistance in rice.

Previously our study has demonstrated that long-term treadmill exercise improved cognitive deficit in APP/PS1 transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD) paralleled by enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP). The present study was undertaken to further investigate whether the treadmill running could inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathology in hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mouse models of AD, and to define a potential molecular mechanism underlying the exercise-induced reduction in AD-like neuropathology. Five months of treadmill exercise resulted in a robust reduction in β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in APP phosphorylation and PS1 expression. We also observed GSK3, rather than CDK5, was inhibited by treadmill exercise. These results indicate that treadmill exercise is sufficient to inhibit the progression of AD-like neuropathology in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model, and may mediate APP processing in favor of reduced Aβ deposition. In addition, we demonstrate that treadmill exercise attenuates AD-like neuropathology in AD transgenic mice via a GSK3 dependent signaling pathway.

Environmental agent aluminum, a well-known neurotoxin, has been proposed to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and produced clinical and pathological features which were strikingly similar to those seen in AD brain, such as neurofibrillary tangles. Ginsenoside Rb1, highly abundant active component of ginseng, has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against various neurotoxins. In this study we investigated the effect of Rb1 on aluminum-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in ICR mice. Mice were exposed to aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg/day) for 6 months followed by a post treatment of Rb1 (20 mg/kg/day) for another 4 months. Aluminum exposure induced the cognitive ability by Morris water maze, and upregulated the tau phosphorylation level at Ser396 accompanied by increasing p-GSK and decreasing PP2A level in motor, sensory cortex and hippocampal formation. Post treatment of Rb1 significantly improved the learning and memory and reduced the tau phosphorylation by reversing the p-GSK3 and PP2A level. Our results indicate that ginsenoside Rb1 protected mice against Al-induced toxicity. The possible mechanism may be its role in preventing tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating p-GSK3 and PP2A level, which implicate Rb1 as the potential preventive drug candidate for AD and other tau pathology-related neuronal degenerative diseases.

According to the specialty of straw briquette combustion, thermodynamic calculating and special processing methods, the special boiler which applies to cornstalk briquettes is designed and made. It has double fire grates which have function of smoke removing. Moreover, the combustion efficiency of this boiler is higher and the incomplete combustion loss of solid and gas is less. The contents of fume, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in the vent smoke are low enough to accords with national standard requirement. So it will have a splendid future to use straw as the substitute of coal in our country.

The dried stems of Schisandra henryi var. henryi were extracted with 95% ethanol and the extracts were further subjected to partition, affording the ethyl acetate extracts(EtOAc Extrs.).The EtOAc Extrs.were separated and purified with silica gel and octadecyl-silylated silica gel column chromatography, preparative HPLC and preparative TLC. Thirteen known compounds were obtained and identified by spectral methods including MS and NMR, all of which were elucidated as t-cadinol(1), cadinane-4β,5α,10β-triol(2), cadinane-5α, 10α-diol-2-ene(3), oxyphyllenodiols A(4), 1β, 4β-dihydroxyeudesman-11-ene(5), cyperusol C(6), (7R)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol(7), dysodensiol E(8), epi-guaidiol A(9), aromadendrane-4β,10β-diol(10), tricyclohumuladiol(11), caryolane-1,9β-diol(12), and guaidiol A(13). Compounds 3, 5-10, and 13 were separated from the genus for the first time, while compounds 1-13 were separated from this species for the first time.

Background Nicotine hinders the regenerative potentials of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) and delays the healing process of periodontal diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. miR-1305 upregulation and its potential target RUNX2 downregulation exist in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nicotine inhibits PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by increasing miR-1305 level and decreasing RUNX2 level. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-1305 and RUNX2 in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine, respectively. PDLSCs with miR-1305 overexpression, low expression, or RUNX2 overexpression were constructed by lipofectin transfection. MTT, migration, and Western blot assays were applied to assess the effect of miR-1305 on PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the targets of miR-1305. Results Nicotine promoted miR-1305 expression and inhibited RUNX2 expression in PDLSCs. Cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation detection showed that nicotine suppressed proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieved the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. Conclusion Nicotine suppresses proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs depending on its target RUNX2.

Statistics have shown that most fall events are associated with identifiable risk factors, such as weakness, unsteady gait, medication use, and the environment. Falls can result in abrasions, broken bones, or even death. A real time fall detection system should be developed, which can trigger an alarm people once a fall event occurs. In this study, the proposed scheme obtains image sequences from an interior camera system. The imaged are first used to build up a model of the background using Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with the extraction of foreground images achieved through subtraction. Morphological operations are then used to repair damage to the image and connected-component labeling is used for elimination of noise. From foreground objects, the aspect ratio of the bounding box, the orientation of the ellipse, and the vertical velocity of the center point are extracted for use as input features in a learning algorithm. Fall detection is based on the classification results of learning algorithm using a back propagation neural network.

Background Placenta accreta is a rare obstetric condition but can lead to life-threatening complications that was mainly diagnosed in the third trimester. We present a case of acute trophoblastic pulmonary embolism (PE) during conservative treatment of placenta accreta. Case presentation A 24-year-old patient who delivered vaginally at 40+4 weeks gestation. The placenta was retained despite the use of oxytocics and attempts of manual removal. Conservative management including uterine arteria embolism, hysteroscopic resection and mifepristone was used but failed and finally the patient died from acute trophoblastic PE and allergic shock when infusing povidone-iodine into her uterine cavity. Conclusion Although conservative treatment of placenta accreta can retain reproductive potential and trophoblastic PE is rare, clinicians should consider hysterectomy when conservative treatment failed and infusion of povidone-iodine or other liquid into the cavity should be prohibited.

This paper reviews the prospect and research history of the hierarchical porous oxides. Give some preparation methods and application of hierarchical porous oxides derived from wood templates. The selection of plant template, varieties of impregnating agents, different preparation processes and characterizations of compounds are discussed and analyzed.

Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model with rats and investigate the antinociceptive effect of combination of Tramadol (TR) and Acetaminophen (NAPA) on the animal model for the first time. Methods Diabetic model was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Nociceptive thresholds were measured by means of electronic von Frey test, hot-plate test, and tail-flick test. On the 28th day of diabetes induction, diabetic rats with significant hyperalgesia were randomly divided into three groups: TR, NAPA, and TR-NAPA combination group. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups. Three geometric series of drugs were given to each group respectively. Antinociceptive effects of the drugs were assessed at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after drug administration. 50% Maximum antinociceptive effect of each drug was determined by probit analysis, whereas interaction between TR and NAPA was evaluated by isobolographic analysis. Results Hyperalgesia, along with hyperglycemia, developed 4 days after STZ injection and persisted at all tested time points until 28 days. TR, NAPA, and TR-NAPA combination administration all produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects. Isobolographic analysis showed a significant deviation of TR/NAPA 50% maximum antinociceptive effect (in tail-flick test, but not in von Frey test) from the additive line. Conclusions Combination of the two drugs produces an additive antinociceptive effect in tail-flick test, whereas probable additive antinociceptive effect in von Frey test in painful diabetic neuropathy rats.

A series of arsenate substituted chlorapatite was directly prepared through aqueous precipitation method. Characterization studies from elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR spectra and SEM confirmed the forming of the arsenate/phosphate chlorapatite solid solutions. The XRD analysis indicated the typical solid solution phase of the apatite-type structure. In FT-IR spectra, the area of the phosphate peak was gradually suppressed and the arsenate peak increased as the proportion of the arsenate increased. The solids with As/(As+P) molar ratio of 0.49~1.0 were needle-like crystals; those with As/(As+P) molar ratio

The aim of this study was to analyze the complication rates of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to study the risk factors associated with the nonelective removal of PICCs. One hundred four premature infants were enrolled. Ninety-one PICCs were removed electively. The complications rate was 31.73%, most of which was phlebitis. All patients were further divided into 2 groups: elective removal (ER) and nonelective removal (non-ER). This study reinforces that phlebitis is an important complication, and mechanical complications are the most common reason for the removal of catheters.

Lead arsenates were the most extensively used arsenical insecticides in the past. Their residues, especially the water-soluble fractions in environment may pose a potential human health risk. The solubility products (K(sp)) and free energies of formation (Delta G(f) degrees) of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c), Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c), Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) and Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(8PbO.As(2)O(5))(c) at 25 degrees C were determined by precipitation and dissolution experiments. The composition of precipitates depended on the Pb/As molar ratios and pH values. The solid precipitates were lamellar PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c) at pH = 3-5 and Pb/As = 1.0, columnar Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c) at pH = 12-13 and Pb/As = 1.5, Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c) with little amounts of Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(c) at pH = 12-13, Pb/As = 1.67 and 2.0. The mixture of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c) and Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) formed at pH = 6.51 and Pb/As = 1.5. Based on the analytical results, the solubility products (K(sp)) of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c), Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c), Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) and Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(c) were calculated by the computer program PHREEQC as 10(-10.70)(10(-7.81)-10(-14.32)), 10(-81.75)(10(-74.37)-10(-84.83)), 10(-33.83)(10(-32.05)-10(-34.49)) and 10(-174.24)(10(-156.64)-10(-178.35)), respectively. Correspondingly, the free energies of formation (Delta G(f) degrees) of these lead arsenates were calculated to be -1274.36 kJ/mol, -2928.33 kJ/mol, -1563.12 kJ/mol and -3909.69 kJ/mol.

Classical swine and avian-like H1N1 influenza viruses were reported widely in swine population worldwide, but human-like H1N1 swine viruses were reported occasionally. In 2006, a human-like H1N1 swine virus (A/swine/Guangdong/96/06) was isolated from pigs in Guangdong province, which was reported in China for the first time. To get further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like H1N1 influenza viruses, we analyzed eight gene segments of three human-like swine H1N1 viruses (A/swine/Guangdong/96/06, A/swine/Tianjin/01/04 and A/swine/Henan/01/06) isolated in China. All the eight genes of the three viruses are highly homologous to recent (about 2000) and early (1980s) human H1N1 influenza viruses, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that A/Swine/Guangdong/96/06 was directly derived from about 2000 human H1N1 influenza viruses, while A/swine/Tianjin/01/04 and A/swine/Henan/01/06 seemed to be descendants of human H1N1 viruses circulating in 1980s. Seroprevalence of our isolate (A/swine/Guangdong/96/06) confirmed the presence of human-like H1N1 virus in pigs in China. Existence of these influenza viruses, especially older viruses (A/swine/Tianjin/01/04 and A/swine/Henan/01/06), indicates that human-like H1N1 influenza viruses may remain invariant for long periods in pigs and provides the evidence that pigs serve as reservoirs of older influenza viruses for human pandemics.

Pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be intermediate hosts, or mixing vessels, for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation to the mammalian host. In this study, we summarize and report for the first time the coexistence of wholly human-like H3N2 viruses, double-reassortant H3N2 viruses, and triple-reassortant H3N2 viruses in pigs in China by analyzing the eight genes of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses found in China from 1970 to 2006. In 1970, the first wholly human-like H3N2 (Hong Kong/68-like) viruses were isolated from pigs in Taiwan, and then in the next years Victoria/75-like, Sydney/97-like, New York/99-like, and Moscow/99-like swine H3N2 viruses were regularly isolated in China. In the 1980s, two triple-reassortant viruses were isolated from pigs. Recently, the double-reassortant viruses containing genes from the human (HA and NA) and avian (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) lineages and the triple-reassortant viruses containing genes from the human (HA and NA), classical swine (NP), and avian (PB2, PB1, PA, M, and NS) lineages emerged in pigs in China. The coexistence of wholly human-like and reassortant viruses provides further evidence that pigs serve as intermediate hosts, or mixing vessels, and emphasizes the importance of reinforcing swine influenza virus surveillance in China.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that infects the human urogenital tract, causing the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted disease worldwide. In this study, genetic variants of T. vaginalis were identified in Henan Province, China. Fragments of the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) were amplified from 32 T. vaginalis isolates obtained from seven regions of Henan Province. Overall, 18 haplotypes were determined from the 18S rRNA sequences. Each sampled population and the total population displayed high haplotype diversity (Hd), accompanied by very low nucleotide diversity (Pi). In these molecular genetic variants, 91.58% genetic variation was derived from intra-regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no correlation between phylogeny and geographic distribution. Demographic analysis supported population expansion of T. vaginalis isolates from central China. Our findings showing moderate-to-high genetic variations in the 32 isolates of T. vaginalis provide useful knowledge for monitoring changes in parasite populations for the development of future control strategies.

We report here the characterization of function of a novel gene, OsSIN (Orayza sativa SHORT INTERNODES). OsSIN with no intron, encodes a 106 amino acid polypeptide and has no homology proteins in GenBank. The gene shows predominant expression in shoots and is localized in the nucleus. Constitutive expression of OsSIN resulted in dwarfism and reduced number of inferior spikelets. The functional strength was correlated with the level of transgene expression. Transgenic plants were more insensitive to endogenous gibberellic acid (GA) levels than the wild type. The rice with OsSIN overexpression was less sensitive to GA than the wild type in terms of the second leaf sheath length. Expression of OsGAI at protein level was increased in OsSIN-overexpressed rice compared with the wild type. Our results suggest that OsSIN is a new member in the GA pathway regulating rice stem development.

A hypersurface x : M → S n+1 without umbilic point is called a Mobius isoparametric hypersurface if its Mobius form Φ = −ρ −2∑ i (e i (H) + ∑ j (h ij −Hδ ij )e j (log ρ))θ i vanishes and its Mobius shape operator $$ {\Bbb {S}}$$ = ρ −1(S−Hid) has constant eigenvalues. Here {e i } is a local orthonormal basis for I = dx·dx with dual basis {θ i }, II = ∑ ij h ij θ i ⊗θ i is the second fundamental form, $$H = {1 \over n}\sum\nolimits_i {h_{ii} ,\rho^2 = {n \over {n - 1}}( {|| II ||^2 - nH^2 } )}$$ and S is the shape operator of x. It is clear that any conformal image of a (Euclidean) isoparametric hypersurface in S n+1 is a Mobius isoparametric hypersurface, but the converse is not true. In this paper we classify all Mobius isoparametric hypersurfaces in S n+1 with two distinct principal curvatures up to Mobius transformations. By using a theorem of Thorbergsson [1] we also show that the number of distinct principal curvatures of a compact Mobius isoparametric hypersurface embedded in S n+1 can take only the values 2, 3, 4, 6.

The proton implantation is one of key procedures to confine the current diffusion in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), in which the proton implanted depth and profile are main parameters. Threshold characteristics of VCSELs with various proton implanted depths are studied after optical, electrical and thermal fields have been simulated self-consistently in three dimensions. It is found that for VCSELs with confinement radius of 2 μm, increasing proton implanted depth can reduce the injected current threshold power and enhance the laser temperature in active region. Numerical results also indicate that there are optimal values for current aperture in proton implanted VCSELs. The minimum injected current threshold can be achieved in VCSELs with proton implantation near the active region and confinement radius of 1.5 μm, while the VCSELs with proton implantation in the middle of p-type distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and confinement radius of 2.5 μm can realize the minimum temperature.

The application of hyperspectral remote sensing has been a research focus in recent years, and one of its fundamental goals is to detect and classify the constituent materials for each pixel in the scene, which is pixel unmixing. This research proposes spectral reconstruction, which is the inverse process of pixel unmixing. It can be used to analyze the essence of the hyperspectral imaging procedure and provide inverse analysis to the pixel unmixing. Also, it may find the physical origin of hyperspectral sensors' parameters degenerating with the stability of multispectral scanner, which helps to provide quantitative basis for the development and improvement of hyperspectral sensors. Based on research for years, we can get hyperspectral data of high quality and stability from multispectral data, which is a new way to the hyperspectral application. The technical route is using the normalized multiple endmember decomposition method (NMEDM) to decompose the endmember data of vegetation, water and soil based on the condition of fuzzy sets and full constraint. The characteristics are as follows: this new method considers the space-time variation of the pixel endmember, the hyperspectral reconstruction can be achieved with less calculated amount, and the terrain spectral reflectance can be showed with less data. This research includes: deeper mining of the multispectral information, sensitivity analysis of multispectral bands, verification of the hyperspectral reconstruction model based on the ground multispectral imaging.

To evaluate the combined effect of premedication of parecoxib sodium and local infiltration of ropivocaine on postoperative shoulder pain and incisional pain in patients undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.In the study, 60 patients undergoing elective diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy were randomly allocated to two groups (each with 30 patients). The patients in group 1 were premedicated with 40 mg parecoxib sodium (diluted with 2 mL normal saline), and 0.5% ropivacaine (20 mL) were infiltrated around the incision site before establishment of CO2 pneumoperitoneum. The patients in group 2 received 2 mL normal saline intraveniously before anesthesia induction, and infiltration of 0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL were also applied as group 1. After anesthetic withdrawal, the patients' postoperative anesthesia recovery time and the time point of opening eyes on verbal command were noted. The intensities of postoperative shoulder pain and incisional pain were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. The postoperative analgesic requirement was met by administration of tramadol.Compared with group 2, the incidence of postoperative shoulder pain was less in group 1 (37% vs. 67%, P=0.020), and the occurence of severe pain was lower (4 vs. 11, P=0.037). The numerical rating scales (NRS) of right shoulder pain of group 1 were significantly reduced than those of group 2 at 12 h postoperatively [0 (0, 2) vs. 0 (0, 8), P=0.012]. Left shoulder pain did not appear at 0 h and 2 h in both groups, while at 12 h and 24 h postoperatively, the NRS scores of group 1 were lower than those of group 2 [0 (0, 1) vs. 0 (0, 8), P=0.026; 0 (0, 4) vs. 2 (0, 9), P=0.014]. The dynamic and static abdominal pain scores of group 1 were significantly decreased than those of group 2 in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after surgery (P=0.001, P=0.005). The NRS scores of static abdominal pain of group 1 were significantly reduced than those of group 2 at 12 h and 24 h postoperatively (P=0.042, P=0.029). More patients in group 2 needed tramadol within 24 h postoperatively (8 vs. 0, P=0.002).Premedication of parecoxib sodium combined with local infiltration of ropinvocaine before incision could significantly reduce the postoperative shoulder pain and incisional pain as well as reduce opioid consumption in patients undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.

This study was aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of pumpkin protein (cucurmosin, CUS) on subcutaneous transplant tumor in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cell-NOD/SCID mice and leukemia model. The subcutaneous transplant tumor in K562-NOD/SCID mice and leukemia model were established; using two models, the antitumor activity of CUS in mice was evaluated. The results indicated that the inhibitory rate of 0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg CUS on subcutaneous transplant tumor were 53.45% and 59.43% respectively; survival time of mice received 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg CUS was 39.8 ± 5.5 d and 43.4 ± 6.6 d, antitumor rate was 24.9% and 36% respectively. It is concluded that CUS has significant inhibitory effect on mice with CML cell line K562.

The resources, environment, ecology constitute a giant system, and are the material basis of human survival [1]. For a long time, due to inappropriate human activities, the earth has suffered great damage, and human beings are punished by nature. So in order to achieve the sustainable development of human society, it is necessary to make proper planning for both the human development and exploitation of earth resources and environment. The paper introduces the cybernetics, and tries to analyze the mutual influences and constraint relations of different components in the earth.

The characteristics of health care utilization during the last year of life by Taiwanese who died by suicide were analyzed. The degree of health services utilization was evaluated by extracting the data of National Health Insurance (NHI) outpatient cohort records in 2006. A total of 4,406 fatal suicide cases were matched with the 17,587,901 subjects in the NHI beneficiary registry file. Rate of visit of the suicide decedents for all NHI outpatient services during their last year before death was 85%, and that for mental disorders service only was 30.2%. Average number of visits per person-year of the suicide decedents was 24.5 visits per year, two times higher than that of the survivors. The average numbers of visits (ANV) of male suicide decedents who used the mental disorders services was increased 6.8 times compared to that for all survivors. The increase in female decedents, in contrast, was 2.7 times. The increase in ANV for 15-24 age group was 14.6 times, significantly higher than that for the other age groups (4 times). Effective prediction or prevention of potential suicides through increased awareness and surveillance of medical care resource utilization is possible, especially for male and young adult patients under mental disorder health care.

To study the application of the regional critical neonatal emergency transport system (NETS) to provide evidence for the optimization of NETS in Beijing.All the transported neonates in four hospitals in Haidian District, Beijing, between January 2009 and September 2010 were enrolled. The relevant clinical information of two referral hospitals was analyzed.The top three conditions requiring transport were pre-term delivery, diseases requiring surgical treatment, and respiratory diseases, which accounted for 33.1%, 18.3%, and 14.8%, respectively. Active transport was performed in 95 cases (66.9%) and passive transport in 47 cases (33.1%). The age distribution of the neonates requiring transport was as follows:6 hrs after birth (24.1%); 6-12 hrs (9.3%); 12-24 hrs (25.9%); and24 hrs (40.8%). The mean time for transport from the hospital to a referral ward by ambulance was 28.0±11.1 minutes. Diseases requiring emergency surgical treatment were the leading cause of death, accounting for 53.8% of total deaths. The mortality rate was not significantly different between the neonates aged6 hrs and ≥6 hrs groups.Active transport remains the main transport pattern among these four hospitals. Neonates requiring surgical treatment have a high mortality rate, and thus special attention should be paid to their transport.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by learning and memory function deterioration. While it is well established that exercise can improve cognitive performance in AD, there have been few basic cellular and molecular mechanisms research performed to test the interaction between exercise and AD. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether treadmill exercise improves learning and memory function in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by enhancing long-term potentiation (LTP) and up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression. Our results show that, in comparison to wild type mice, transgenic mice were characterized by impaired learning and memory function, LTP deficits and increased BDNF mRNA levels. Treadmill exercise enhanced learning and memory function not only in wild type mice but also in APP/PS1 mice paralleled by LTP. However, BDNF has emerged as a crucial regulator of synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying learning and memory in wild-type mice, but not in APP/PS1 mice. Hence, this investigation demonstrates that treadmill exercise is an effective therapeutic that alleviate learning and memory decline in APP/PS1 mouse model, and enhanced LTP maybe a cellular mechanism involved in neuropathological course of AD and cognitive improvement induced by exercise.

This paper presents a simulation analysis for the threshold characteristics of proton implanted vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers(VCSELs) with the aid of optical-electrical-thermal-gain model. The equations for potential, the carrier density, optical transverse mode and thermal field are given. The distributions of injected current, the fundamental transverse mode, carrier and temperature for VCSELs at various aperture radii of 1,2,4 and 6 microns are studied selfconsistently. The threshold injected currents versus the current aperture radii are obtained. The calculated results show that decreasing aperture sizes is an effective method to drop the threshold currents only when the current radii are larger than 2 micron. On the other hand, the threshold currents with the decrease of aperture radii for too small sizes of current aperture. The current aperture radius for low threshold proton implanted VCSEL is found. The threshold currents may drop with improving the confinement of current, while too much small current apertures also damage the threshold. The reason that few VCSEL with smaller aperture radii realize to operate is explained.

Lead arsenates were the most extensively used arsenical insecticides in the past. Their residues, especially the water-soluble fractions in environment may pose a potential human health risk. The solubility products (K(sp)) and free energies of formation (Delta G(f) degrees) of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c), Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c), Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) and Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(8PbO.As(2)O(5))(c) at 25 degrees C were determined by precipitation and dissolution experiments. The composition of precipitates depended on the Pb/As molar ratios and pH values. The solid precipitates were lamellar PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c) at pH = 3-5 and Pb/As = 1.0, columnar Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c) at pH = 12-13 and Pb/As = 1.5, Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c) with little amounts of Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(c) at pH = 12-13, Pb/As = 1.67 and 2.0. The mixture of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c) and Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) formed at pH = 6.51 and Pb/As = 1.5. Based on the analytical results, the solubility products (K(sp)) of PbHAsO(4).2H(2)O(c), Pb(5)(AsO(4))(3)OH.H(2)O(c), Pb(3)(AsO(4))(2)(c) and Pb(8)As(2)O(13)(c) were calculated by the computer program PHREEQC as 10(-10.70)(10(-7.81)-10(-14.32)), 10(-81.75)(10(-74.37)-10(-84.83)), 10(-33.83)(10(-32.05)-10(-34.49)) and 10(-174.24)(10(-156.64)-10(-178.35)), respectively. Correspondingly, the free energies of formation (Delta G(f) degrees) of these lead arsenates were calculated to be -1274.36 kJ/mol, -2928.33 kJ/mol, -1563.12 kJ/mol and -3909.69 kJ/mol.

To discuss the effect of Zea mays L. saponin (ZMLS) on ultrastructure of kidney and pancreas in the diabetes rats induced by streptozocin.The diabetic rat model was established by injections of STZ, blood glucose, the ultrastructure of the kidney and pancreas were observed.Compared with the model group, the large, middle-dose ZMLS groups and melbinum group could remarkably decrease the blood glucose (P0.01), the large, middle, small-dose ZMLS groups could remarkably prevent the pancreatic islet beta-cell from the injury induced by Streptozotocin. Melbinum and the large, middle-dose ZMLS groups could remarkably increase mitochondrial Vv, deltam and euchromatin Vv (P0.01), and significantly decrease the delta, Nucleus delta and heterochromatin Vv (P0.01). The small dose of ZMLS obviously increases mitochondrial Vv (P0.05).ZMLS showed good effect on decreasing blood glucose and protection action on the kidney and pancreas injury of induced by STZ.

Developmental gene families have diversified during land plant evolution. The primary role of YABBY gene family is promoting abaxial fate in model eudicot, Arabidopsis thaliana. However recent results suggest that roles of YABBY genes are not conserved in the angiosperms. In this paper, a rice YABBY gene was isolated, and its expression patterns were analyzed in detail. Sequence characterization and phylogenetic analyses showed the gene is OsYABBY4, which is group-classified into FIL/YAB3 subfamily. Beta-glucuronidase reporter assay and in situ analysis consistently revealed that OsYABBY4 was expressed in the meristems and developing vascular tissue of rice, predominantly in the phloem tissue, suggesting that the function of the rice gene is different from those of its counterparts in eudicots. OsYABBY4 may have been recruited to regulate the development of vasculature in rice. However, transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing OsYABBY4 behaved very like those over-expressing FIL or YAB3 with abaxialized lateral organs, suggesting the OsYABBY4 protein domain is conserved with its Arabidopsis counterparts in sequences. Our results also indicate that the functional diversification of OsYABBY4 may be associated with the divergent spatial–temporal expression patterns, and YABBY family members may have preserved different expression regulatory systems and functions during the evolution of different kinds of species.

The porcine alpha interferon gene was inserted into the Pichia pastoris expression vector of pPICZalphaA which contains AOX I promoter and alpha-factor signal sequence. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell E.coli JM109 and then was extracted for analysis of restriction enzymes. It was confirmed that heterogeneous gene spliced into vector pPICZalphaA was IFNalpha gene. The recombinant plasmid of pPICZalphaA-IFNalpha was linearnized by Sac I and transformed into KM71 by electroporation. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that IFNalpha product was observed in the supernants with a little larger molecular weight size than the natural IFNalpha. The rIFN gene has the same antigenicity as natural one. The expressed rIFN accumulated up to about 0.45mg/mL. The cytokine activity of the supernantants was vertified by WISH/VSV system,which is about 2.1x10(4)IU/mL.