Biological pest and disease control (BPDC) involves different control strategies such as biological, mechanical, physical and chemical to reduce diseases or pest insects to a level where economic damage does not occur and public health is protected. However, more BPDC practices need be tried in the greenhouse, where the ecological space is small, as suggested by van Lenteren and Woets (1988) and Paulitz and Belanger (2001). In this study, BPDC was tried in greenhouse vegetable production. Organic materials, such as crop residues, hay, leaves and twigs were placed along both sides in the polyethylene greenhouse. Spiders and Carabidae thrived in the organic materials. A brassica leafy vegetable was grown and then tomato was intercropped with the brassica. Microbial fermentation with herbs was sprayed on the tomato plants. The spiders controlled the insects on leafy brassica effectively. The Carabidae controlled aphids on tomato plants and decreased the risk of fungus and virus infections. In the relay intercropping system, the leafy vegetables absorbed the excess mineralized nitrogen when the young tomato seedlings did not need as much nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, the tomato crop did not receive excess nitrogen and the tomato plants were less infected by leaf blight and yielded more fruit, especially at the later growth stages. A farm preparation with an herb, Zanthoxylum, fermented with a microbial inoculant (EM, effective microorganisms) controlled aphids on brassica effectively, and in the same way, Ginkgo and neem controlled whiteflies effectively on tomato. In conclusion, it is possible to use multiple biological practices to control diseases and pests in a greenhouse to an acceptable level of damage. The key points are: 1) To create a biodiversity for enough predators to suppress pest insects; 2) To grow a healthy crop by limiting the nitrate supply; and 3) To use integrated management including plant materials as an auxiliary control practice. INTRODUCTION Concerns over environmental pollution and food quality degradation caused by excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers have prompted scientists and policymakers to reevaluate modern agricultural practices and find alternatives for agrochemicals. Integrated pest management (IPM) was first introduced by A.D. Pickett in Nova Scotia, Canada in the 1940s in order to harmonize chemical and biological control (Whalon and Croft, 1984; Bartlett, 1956; Smith and Allen, 1954; Stern et al., 1959). IPM is an approach to pest control that utilizes regular monitoring to determine whether and when control treatments are needed and employs physical, mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical tactics to keep pest populations low enough to prevent unacceptable damage (Thies and Tscharntke, 1999). In simple terms, IPM can be a procedure to manage pest populations by harmonizing control methods such as natural enemies, pesticides and cultural practices, with the intent to minimize economic damage and harmful environmental side-effects by managing the population of pests instead of eradicating or removing the pests. Organic agriculture seeks to use nature as the model for system design. Since nature consistently integrates the plants and animals into a diverse landscape, a major tenet of sustainable agriculture is to create and maintain diversity. Humans should not kill all living things in nature and allow nature to do some of its jobs with its diversity. It is impossible to leave everything in its natural status in our agriculture fields because man Proc. XXVII IHC-S11 Sustain. through Integr. and Org. Hort. Eds.-in-Chief: R.K. Prange and S.D. Bishop Acta Hort. 767, ISHS 2008 230 needs the food from the land. However, humans can respect nature and design cropping systems to be as close as possible to nature. The principles of organic agriculture or nature farming do not allow complete eradication of organisms and suggest pests be suppressed to populations below those which cause economic injury to the crop. Alternative integrated pest management has been developed for organic crop production. Biodiversity enrichment is one system of practices in integrated pest management. Practices that entirely eliminate pest insects, even when not based on chemical pesticides, are not necessarily good for biodiversity, because in long-term pest control, the natural enemies of pest insects must persist by having access to prey, which, particularly in the case of specialist enemies, may be helped by the persistence of small pest populations. In Japan, organic crop production faces a number of pest and disease problems inherent to humid and warm climates. Some organic farmers face particular pest and disease control problems. These include greenhouse vegetable and fruit growers, where the permanent cropping systems, such as in an apple orchard or in a closed greenhouse, mean that crop rotation cannot be implemented. As usually considered, an ecosystem with a perfect biodiversity is not easily established in a closed greenhouse system. The preferred approaches for greenhouse pest control in organic crop production are restricted to bio-control products that are developed for organic field crops. Pesticides, even those based on botanicals, are not recommended as primary management tools for naturer farming or organic agriculture. Use of natural enemies is the preferred approach, and the use of botanical materials for pest and disease control is restricted to those situations where there are no alternative approaches. Bio-control products include marketed natural enemies and botanical materials, such as Ginko, neem, pyrethrum and Sichuan pepper-based formulations. Ginkgo leaves are used as daily tea and widely used as an additive in health care products, foods, beverages and cosmetics. Therefore, spraying the extract of ginkgo leaves to control pests has no known negative effects on the environment, humans and other organisms. Neem is a naturally derived insecticide that plants can absorb so that any insects that feed on them may be killed or deterred from feeding. Neem extracts work against chewing and sucking insects; mainly lepidopterous caterpillars and beetle larvae. The active ingredient accumulates in the growing tips of the treated plants, usually reaching functional levels within 24 hours after the leaves are sprayed. When ingested, neem disrupts the molting and reproductive cycles of many insects (Whitman, 2001). For example, desert locusts, which are voracious herbivores, will sooner starve to death when they eat plants treated with neem. The toxicity of neem extracts to non-target organisms is low (Friend, 1996). Some reports show that neem is non-toxic to birds, mammals, and beneficial predators like ladybird beetles, spiders, bees, and wasps (Whitman, 2001), although neem has been shown in other publications to have topical toxicity to a variety of natural enemies, including some relevant to greenhouses (Feldhege and Schmutterer, 1993; Drescher and Madel, 1997). Overall, it is suggested that neem is generally less toxic than conventional insecticides, but, like all insecticides, neem kills things, and must be used wisely. Like neem, pyrethrum is a botanical insecticide. It is produced from the flower Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and is commercially cultivated, mainly in the mountainous regions of Kenya, Tanzania, and Ecuador. The term “pyrethrum” refers to the powder made with the dried flowers of the chrysanthemum, whereas the term “pyrethrins” refers to the six insecticide components occurring naturally in the powder. Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) is a botanical material used for pest control. Sichuan pepper is used as a condiment in Chinese food cooking in Sichuan Province of China. The dried fruit of sichuan pepper have an aromatic odor with more or less pronounced warm and woodsy overtones. The species can vary in their flavor, spicy or anise aromatic compounds. The taste of most species is pungent and biting with a strange, almost anesthetic feeling on the tongue. Most Zanthoxylum species produce pungent alkamides derived from polyunsaturated carboxylic acids, which are stored in the pericarp (fruit wall, “shell”) but not in the seeds.