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Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in China, commonly associated with undifferentiated cell types and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The presence of intense lymphocytic infiltration and elevated expression of programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in NPC highlights its potential for immunotherapy, yet current treatment outcomes remain suboptimal. In this review, we explore the tumor microenvironment of NPC to better understand the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, evaluate current therapeutic strategies, and pinpoint emerging targets, such as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), that could enhance treatment outcomes and prognostic accuracy. TLSs have demonstrated positive prognostic value in NPC, making them a promising target for future therapies. This review summarizes the key characteristics of TLSs and latest research in the context of NPC. We are optimistic that targeting TLSs could improve immunotherapy outcomes for NPC patients, ultimately leading to more effective treatment strategies and better patient survival.

Objective To investigate the effect of clinical factors and inflammatory markers on platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) in children with chemotherapy- induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) and evaluate their predictive value, so as to provide reference for mechanism study of PTR caused by non-immune factors in children with cancer and provide clinical guidance for reasonable and effective platelet transfusion in children. Methods A total of 60 CIT pediatric cancer patients from Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between November 2022 and February 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and divided into the PTR group (n=30) and the non-PTR group (n=30) to collect the clinical data and laboratory markers before platelet transfusion (Plt). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PTR. The predictive value influencing factors of PTR was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Plasma IL-1β concentration in PTR group was significantly higher than that in non-PTR group[67.43 pg/mL (29.38, 222.40) vs 36.38 pg/mL (17.27, 68.06); P

IntroductionChoking in athletes describes a marked reduction in their skill level, falling below the normal level, when under stress. This paradoxical performance decline, which athletes strenuously to avoid yet frequently encounter, was the focus of this study. We implemented training interventions on athletes who had experienced choking to assess their impact on fear of failure and self-criticism. Correct or improve the subjects’ inappropriate attribution of failure results, and enable them to learn to use appropriate and positive attribution, enhance motivation levels, and thus achieve the purpose of improving behavior and performance levels.MethodsThe snowball sampling technique was used to collect data through the combination of online electronic questionnaires and offline paper questionnaires, so as to explore the choking phenomenon of elite athletes by attributing the influence of training variables on self-efficacy. The research team conducted a survey of elite athletes in Central China between October and December 2023. In this study, 350 questionnaires were distributed, 350 questionnaires were collected after the questionnaires were distributed, and 328 valid questionnaires were finally eliminated through screening. And the relevant statistical analysis is carried out on the data.ResultsThe results confirmed the significant correlations between attribution training and fear of failure (β = −0.548, p

This article reviews the latest research progress on ultrasound-assisted extraction of active substances from Muxu, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, leaf proteins, anthocyanins, total flavonoids, and total saponins, in order to provide theoretical references for the extraction of active substances from Muxu. At the same time, its medicinal value, feeding value, ecological value, edible value, and ornamental value were analyzed and summarized. Flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides in the bioactive substances of Muxu have good effects on improving animal productivity, enhancing immune function, and improving animal health. Especially when applied to broiler chickens and laying hens, it can improve the quality of meat and eggs and increase the economic benefits of breeding. In addition, there are other beneficial substances in Muxu, such as natural pigments, coumarins, leaf protein, and chlorogenic acid, which also play an important role in livestock and poultry production and health status.

Abstract Advancing and deploying Fenton‐inactive Cd that combines excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability remains a serious challenge, predominantly owing to the difficulty in regulating the intrinsic electronic states and local geometric structures of such fully occupied d10s2 configuration. In this work, a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations reveals that the incorporation of boron (B) enables the tuning of the average oxidation state of Cd0 to Cdδ+, facilitating electron localization and implementing a different electrocatalytic preference compared to conventional d10‐electron configurations. The resulting Cd(B) catalyst demonstrates high selectivity (>90% on average) in the O2‐to‐H2O2 conversion, negligible activity loss over 100 h, and a superior H2O2 production rate (15.5 mol∙gcat−1 h−1 at −100 mA). More unexpectedly, the in situ generated H2O2 exhibits a unique advantage over commercial products, selectively oxidizing cinnamaldehyde to benzaldehyde by modulating the practical current.

IntroductionChinese adolescents are facing tremendous academic pressure and challenges brought about by changes in the social environment, which pose a serious threat to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This cross-sectional survey uses convenience and snowball sampling to explore the relationship between adolescents’ HRQOL and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).MethodsThis study subjects include 440 adolescents aged 12 to 18, from four youth training centers and three schools in the central regions of Hunan, Hubei, and Henan provinces, chosen as representative samples for this study. We used AMOS v.26 to construct a structural equation model for data analysis and hypothesis testing.ResultsThe results indicated that active participation in MVPA helps reduce adolescents’ perceived stress and enhances their emotional intelligence and HRQOL levels. Specifically, MVPA weakens adolescents’ perceived stress through the mediating role of emotional intelligence (coefficient = −0.148, p

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) has undergone rapid urbanization over the past three decades, leading to significant changes in urban flood risk and resilience. This study addresses the critical need to understand evolution trend of urban flood risk and resilience in the PRD for both pre-urbanization (1990) and post-urbanization (2020) periods. Using 12 indices integrated within the different frameworks, the spatial and temporal evolution of risk and resilience over the past 30 years are analyze. Six new evaluative indicators are introduced to capture spatial characteristics and their evolutionary trends more accurately. Findings reveal the spatial distribution of urban flood risk and resilience. And the results further indicate that high-risk and low-resilience areas have expanded, become more interconnected, and exhibited increased fragmentation and complexity, while spatial aggregation has decreased. High-risk areas particularly show a trend of spreading southward, whereas low-resilience areas have remained relatively stable. Strategies involving green infrastructure to reduce the interconnection of flood risk patches, urban planning to limit the expansion of risk regions, and adaptive management to handle the complexity of flood-prone areas are proposed. This study provides insights into the spatiotemporal evolution of flood risk and resilience, offering valuable guidance for urban planners and policymakers.

With the rapid advancement of pulse technology, given the extraordinarily high repetition frequency of high-repetition pulse interference, with pulse widths typically ranging from a few nanoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds, it possesses ultra-wideband characteristics, research on how to avoid spectral conflict and malicious interference between these pulse signals and navigation receiver systems has emerged as a pressing and popular issue. This paper introduces the mathematical model of high repetition pulse interference signals. Following this, the paper summarizes and analyses the transient response, nonlinear distortion, and linear distortion that accompany signal processing at the Radio Frequency (RF) front end of the receiver. It concludes that the main source of interference in the limiter’s transient response is peak leakage, the primary factor in low noise amplifier’s (LNA) interference is third-order intermodulation distortion, and filter interference is due to the interlaced response from adjacent pulses. Lastly, the current research progress on the mechanism of high repeti-tion pulse interference with navigation receivers is reviewed, providing reference for future study.

BackgroundT cell exhaustion is a state in which T cells become dysfunctional and is associated with a decreased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lung cancer has the highest mortality among all cancers. However, the roles of genetic variants of the T cell exhaustion-related genes in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has not been reported.MethodsWe conducted a two-stage multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with two previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets to explore associations between genetic variants in the T cell exhaustion-related genes and survival of NSCLC patients. We also performed expression quantitative trait loci analysis for functional validation of the identified variants.ResultsOf all the 52,103 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 672 T cell exhaustion-related genes, 1,721 SNPs were found to be associated with overall survival (OS) of 1185 NSCLC patients of the discovery GWAS dataset from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, and 125 of these 1,721 SNPs remained significant after validation in an additional independent replication GWAS dataset of 984 patients from the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study. In multivariable stepwise Cox model analysis, three independent SNPs (i.e., LRRC8C rs10493829 T>C, OAS2 rs2239193 A>G, and CCL25 rs3136651 T>A) remained significantly associated with OS with hazards ratios (HRs) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-0.96, P = 0.008), 1.48 (95% CI = 1.18-1.85, P < 0.0001) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.66-0.91, P = 0.002), respectively. Further combined analysis for these three SNPs suggested that an unfavorable genotype score was associated with a poor OS and disease-specific survival. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis suggested that the LRRC8C rs10493829 C allele was associated with elevated LRRC8C mRNA expression levels in normal lymphoblastoid cells, lung tissue, and whole blood.ConclusionOur findings suggested that these functional SNPs in the T cell exhaustion-related genes may be prognostic predictors for survival of NSCLC patients, possibly via a mechanism of modulating corresponding gene expression.

IntroductionPenalty shootouts are a pivotal factor influencing outcomes in soccer matches. Soccer players face the challenge of overcoming physical fatigue and psychological pressure when taking penalty kicks. Instances of low confidence and competitive state anxiety during matches exacerbate the detrimental impact on attention control, particularly in non-target defined features, leading to suboptimal performance during penalty kicks.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey investigates the relationship between mindfulness and attention control. Convenient sampling was employed to gather a sample of 266 soccer players from sports teams and training bases in Central and South China who had participated in city-level or higher-level competitions. A structural equation model, created using AMOS 26, was employed for hypotheses validation.ResultsFindings reveal a positive correlation between mindfulness and confidence, and a negative correlation between mindfulness and competitive state anxiety. Additionally, confidence positively associates with attention control, while competitive state anxiety shows a negative relationship with attention control. Confidence and competitive state anxiety also function as mediators in the correlation between mindfulness and attention control. To elaborate, soccer penalty kickers with heightened mindfulness demonstrate increased confidence levels, reduced competitive state anxiety, and improved attention control.DiscussionMindfulness training positively influences attention control during penalty kicks for soccer players. To boost players’ confidence, alleviate competitive state anxiety, and enhance their performance during penalty shootouts, it is recommended that governments increase investment in mindfulness training and talent development. Coaches should enhance their understanding of mindfulness training mechanisms, and athletes themselves should prioritize mindfulness training.

Pollution in wetland flows poses a significant challenge to ecosystem preservation, underscoring the importance of wetland restoration. Constructed wetlands have emerged as a widely embraced solution for contaminant mitigation. In this study, we focus on the contaminant removal process within the wetland flows to contribute to wetland restoration. A constructed wetland with ecological floating and bottom absorptive beds has been employed to enhance the capacity of contaminant removal within wetland flows. However, the environmental dispersion in constructed wetland flows is further complicated by the presence of irreversible first-order absorptive boundaries at the upper and bottom beds. Therefore, our work focuses on comprehending the expansion processes of contaminant clouds under absorptive boundaries through a multiscale analysis to demonstrate the removal effects of constructed wetlands. The findings highlight significant deviations in the spatial distribution of contaminant clouds, particularly in the vertical dimension, attributed to absorptive effects. To analyze the impact of removal mechanisms on the dispersion patterns of contaminant clouds, variations in the vertical concentration peak are examined. A predictive model is developed to estimate the position of the concentration crest in the vertical direction based on changes in absorptive ratios between the upper and bottom boundaries. Furthermore, in order to explore the key factor on removal capacity and efficiency within constructed wetland flows, we look into the process of contaminant depletion by examining variations in removed mass and local absorptive and removal efficiency along the streamwise direction in response to deviations in absorptive strengths at the upper and bottom beds. The ratios of the two boundary removal intensities play a significant role in the absorptive dynamics within wetland flows, particularly during the early stages of cloud expansion. By adjusting the absorption ratio between two absorptive beds to 1:1 with a certain total depletion strength in wetland flows, the enhancement ratio of depletion efficiency can increase by nearly 30%. It has been proven that employing identical absorption strengths at two absorptive beds is an economical and efficient means to amplify the absorption efforts within designed constructed wetland flows. This study provides guidelines for the design of constructed wetlands aimed at enhancing their capacity for sewage treatment.

The sudden onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January 2020 has affected essential global health services. Cancer-screening services that can reduce cancer mortality are strongly affected. However, the specific role of COVID-19 in cancer screening is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of global cancer screening programs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote potential cancer-screening strategies for the next pandemic. Electronic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, and manual searches were performed between January 1, 2020 and March 1, 2023. Cohort studies that reported the number of participants who underwent cancer screening before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Differences in cancer-screening rates were estimated using the incidence rate ratio (IRR). Fifty-five cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. The screening rates of colorectal cancer using invasive screening methods (Pooled IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.65, p < 0.01), cervical cancer (Pooled IRR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.67, p < 0.01), breast cancer (Pooled IRR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.66, p < 0.01) and prostate cancer (Pooled IRR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.90, p < 0.01) during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those before the COVID-19 pandemic. The screening rates of lung cancer (Pooled IRR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.03, p = 0.08) and colorectal cancer using noninvasive screening methods (Pooled IRR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.09, p = 0.13) were reduced with no statistical differences. The subgroup analyses revealed that the reduction in cancer-screening rates varied across economies. Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a noteworthy impact on colorectal, cervical, breast, and prostate cancer screening. Developing innovative cancer-screening technologies is important to promote the efficiency of cancer-screening services in the post-COVID-19 era and prepare for the next pandemic.

Aeromonas hydrophila (Family: Aeromonadaceae) is a traditional aquatic animal pathogen. It has been widely prevalent in our country since the 1980s and 1990s, causing diseases in a series of freshwater fish, leading to serious economic losses. It has been confirmed to be one of the main pathogens in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. The American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is one of the biggest shad in the world and grows much faster than other shad. Because of its delicious taste as reeves shad (Tenualosa reevesii), American shad were introduced into China from the USA by the Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute for local farming in 1998 and is widely welcomed in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces. In recent years, with the rapid development of the American shad culturing, fish diseases have become a major threat to fish farming. However, because most of the American shad are cultured in extensive ponds, few diseases have been reported in China. In this study, we reported a case of A. hydrophila infection in American shad. In 2021, the disease outbreak was observed in American shad cultured in Linyi City, Shandong Province, with severe mortality. The daily mortality could be up to 2.5%. The fish were cultured in indoor ponds for breeding and outdoor ponds when fish reached 300 g. The American shad were cultured with underground water and water was changed 1–3 times daily. The water temperature was 18–20 ℃. The fish were fed largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) commercial feed, and the daily feeding rate was approximately 2%. The disease broke out in the indoor ponds first, and then in outdoor ponds. The cumulative mortality was approximately 90% in 2 months. Enrofloxacin was administered orally, but no effects were observed and the disease continued to progress. The typical disease symptoms in the American shad were furunculosis or ulceration, with shedding scales and surface bleeding, especially on the tail, sometimes swollen and pus-filled. In autopsies of the diseased fish, ascites were found in the fish abdomen, and dark red necrosis on the liver, with sepsis and enteritis. The liver, spleen, and kidney of American shad with typical symptoms were collected and cut into about 1 cm3 tissue blocks, immersed in Davidson's Fixative (Davidson's AFA) for 24 h, and preserved in 70% ethanol. The tissues were mounted onto glass slides with hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological analysis. Histopathological results showed swollen liver cells, vacuolar degeneration, basophilia, and diffuse necrosis; the spleen showed hemorrhagic anemic necrosis, nuclear rupture, and atrophy. Glomerular atrophy of the renal corpuscle, cells in the proximal and distal tubules cytoarchitectural loss, and necrosis and shedding of kidney lymphocytes was also observed. No parasite was found on the fish surface, fins, in the gills, or internal organs with the naked eye and a light microscope. Freshwater viruses, such as Cyprinus herpesvirus type 2, largemouth bass ranavirus, megalocytivirus, and rhabdovirus, were checked by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and no viruses were detected. The liver, spleen, and kidney of the diseased fish were sampled and cultured in tryptic soy agar medium (TSA) and Luria-Bertani agar medium (LB) plate medium at 28 ℃ for 24 h. Several pure and dominant colonies with the same morphology were observed on all the plates. These colonies were purified and cultured. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results of all the purified colonies showed that the dominant strains were of the same species. The typical isolate was purified and named AS-AH2101. The results of biochemical identification with Biolog GenⅢ showed that the isolate AS-AH2101 was negative to gentiobiose, stachyose, D-raffinose, α-D-lactose, D-melibiose, 3-methyl glucose, D-fucose, D-sorbitol, D-arabitol, and Myo-inositol, while positive to dextrin, D-maltose, D-trehalose, D-cellobiose, sucrose, D-turanose, and β-methyl-D-glucoside. According to the Biolog GenⅢ identification system database, the biochemical characterization of AS-AH2101 was similar to that of A. hydrophila, with a confidence of 0.999. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of AS-AH2101 was submitted to GenBank databases under the accession number OP787967 and blasted in GenBank and EzTaxon. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 99%−100% identity with those of A. hydrophila. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 7 with the Aeromonas typical strains 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from GenBank, and the phylogenetic analysis also clustered AS-AH2101 with A. hydrophila. Thus, the molecular analysis results identified the SC18032201 strains as A. hydrophila, and the phenotype also supported this result. Because of the strong stress response of American shad, it is difficult to perform the experimental culturing and infection in the laboratory. As a classic pathogenic infection model organism in aquatic animals, blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) is a traditional model for fish pathogen study and has been widely used in the research of A. hydrophilia and E. piscicida. Therefore, in this study, blue gouramis were used as the model organism for virulence evaluation of AS-AH2101 in the experimental infection. The results of the challenge experiment showed that the death of the blue gourami infected via intramuscular injection was observed on the third day post infection. The infected fish showed redness, bleeding, and scale shedding at the injection site, congestion or bleeding at the base of the fin, abdominal ascites, and liver necrosis, which were similar to the naturally infected American shad. The isolate strain AS-AH2101 showed high virulence to blue gouramis, with the median lethal dose (LD50) of 3.23×104 CFU/fish. The virulence genes of A. hydrophilia were also detected by PCR, and results indicated that AS-AH2101 possessed six virulence genes, including aerolysin (aerA), hemolysin (hlyA), extracellular protease (ahpA), anti-metalloproteinases (ast), enterotoxin (altA), and quorum sensing gene (luxS). Antibiotic sensitivity studies showed that AS-AH2101 was resistant to cefradine, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin. These results provided important information for disease control and A. hydrophila prevention and control of American shad culturing in China.

Hypocotyl length is closely related to quality in seedlings and is an important component of plant height vital for plant-type breeding in cucumber. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypocotyl elongation are poorly understood. In this study, the endogenous hormone content of indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) showed an increase in the long hypocotyl Csphyb (phytochrome B) mutant AM274M compared with its wild-type AM274W. An RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 476 and 654 were up- and downregulated in the mutant AM274M, respectively. A KEGG enrichment analysis exhibited that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The expression levels of the pivotal genes CsGA20ox-2, in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway, and CsYUCCA8, in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, were notably elevated in the hypocotyl of the mutant AM274M, in contrast to the wild-type AM274W. Additionally, GUS staining and a dual-luciferase reporter assay corroborated that the phytochrome-interacting factors CsPIF3/4 can bind to the E(G)-box motifs present in the promoters of the CsGA20ox-2 and CsYUCCA8 genes, thereby modulating their expression and subsequently influencing hypocotyl elongation. Consequently, this research offers profound insights into the regulation of hypocotyl elongation by auxin and gibberellin in response to light signals and establishes a crucial theoretical groundwork for cultivating robust cucumber seedlings in agricultural practice.

B cells are adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. However, the roles of genetic variants of the immunity B cell-related genes in the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In the present study, we first evaluated associations between 10,776 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 220 immunity B cell-related genes and survival of NSCLC in a discovery dataset of 1,185 patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. We found that 369 SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of NSCLC in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (P ≤ 0.05, Bayesian false discovery probability ≤ 0.80), of which 18 SNPs were validated in another independent genotyping dataset of 984 patients from the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study. We then performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, followed by stepwise analysis with a multivariable Cox regression model. Finally, two independent SNPs, inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D (INPP5D) rs13385922 C>T and exosome component 3 (EXOSC3) rs3208406 A>G, remained significantly associated withNSCLC OS with a combined hazards ratio (HR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.23, P = 2.41×10-4) and 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-1.28, P = 3.41×10-9), respectively. Furthermore, NSCLC patients with the combination of unfavorable genotypes for these two SNPs were associated with a poor OS (Ptrend = 0.0002) and disease-specific survival (DSS, Ptrend < 0.0001) in the PLCO dataset. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis suggested that the INPP5D rs6782875 T allele was significantly correlated with elevated INPP5D mRNA expression levels in normal lung tissues and whole blood samples, while the EXOSC3 rs3208406 G allele was significantly correlated with increased EXOSC3 mRNA expression levels in normal lung tissues. Our data indicated that genetic variants in these immunity B cell-related genes may predict NSCLC survival possibly by influencing the gene expression.

Enterprise innovation remains a cornerstone of economic development, with the direct influence of financialization on enterprise innovation standing as a critical factor. In contrast with the existing research, this study constructs an evolutionary game model by utilizing the Cournot model to analyze the innovation behavior of enterprises, and analyzes the influence of financialization on enterprise innovation by incorporating investment returns, market competition, and demand scale into the research framework. In addition, this study selects the sample of the Chinese non-financial listed enterprises and using panel data for the period 2009 to 2021. Based on the findings from the empirical analysis, this study reveals that excessive financialization hinders innovation in Chinese enterprises. Additionally, an intermediary pathway involving 'financialization - investment returns - enterprise innovation' is identified as a transmission mechanism. The demand scale generated by innovation inversely correlates with the inhibitory effects of financialization on enterprise innovation behavior. Meanwhile, heightened market competition amplifies the inhibitory influence of financialization on innovation. This study provided valuable empirical evidence, facilitating the enhancement of enterprise innovation efficiency.

Abstract Background Hypoxia is often involved in tumor microenvironment, and the hypoxia‐induced signaling pathways play a key role in aggressive cancer phenotypes, including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. However, it is unknown what role genetic variants in the hypoxia‐related genes play in survival of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We evaluated the associations between 16,092 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 182 hypoxia‐related genes and survival outcomes of NSCLC patients. Data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were used as the discovery dataset, and the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study served as the replication dataset. We also performed additional linkage disequilibrium analysis and a stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in the PLCO dataset. Results An independent SNP, ERRFI1 rs28624 A > C, was identified with an adjusted hazards ratio (HR) of 1.31 (95% CI = 1.14–1.51, p = 0.0001) for overall survival (OS). In further analyses, unfavorable genotypes AC and CC, compared with the AA genotype, were associated a worse OS (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.39, p = 0.014) and disease‐specific survival (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.42, p = 0.016). Further expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated that ERRFI1 rs28624C genotypes were significantly associated with higher ERRFI1 mRNA expression levels in the whole blood. Additional analysis showed that high ERRFI1 mRNA expression levels were associated with a worse OS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic variants in the hypoxia‐related gene ERRFI1 may modulate NSCLC survival, potentially through their effect on the gene expression.

Addressing the quintessential challenge of local feature matching in computer vision, this study introduces a novel fast sparse seed graph structure named LightSGM. This structure aims to refine the characterization of graph features while minimizing superfluous connections. Initially, a subset of high-quality seed feature points is curated using a confidence filter. Subsequently, keypoint features are assimilated into this seed set via graph pooling, and the composite features are further processed through a memory and computation-efficient seed transformer to capture rich contextual information about the keypoints. The seed feature points are then relayed back to the original keypoints using an inverse process known as graph unpooling. The paper also introduce an adaptive mechanism to determine the optimal number of model layers based on the intricacy of matching image pairs. A Matching Point Prediction Header is employed to extract the final set of matching points. Through extensive experimentation on image matching and position estimation, LightSGM has demonstrated its prowess in delivering competitive matching accuracy while maintaining a balance with real-time processing capabilities.

Abstract Three‐way catalysts are widely used to control criterion pollutant emissions from the increasing gasoline engines. With the stringent requirements of automotive pollutant emission standards in various countries, Rh has become an irreplaceable component of three‐way catalysts due to its superior NOx elimination, high N2 selectivity, and simultaneous elimination of CO and hydrocarbons. In this review, we systematically review the recent development of Rh‐based three‐way catalysts in terms of potential supports and effective active center construction strategies. We further summarize the key role of Rh metal in the three‐way catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics. Finally, we conclude the current challenges and future opportunities facing Rh‐based catalysts. It is believed that based on the deep understanding of Rh‐based three‐way catalysts, the design of Rh‐based catalysts with good low‐temperature catalytic performance and low cost is expected to be realized in the future.

IntroductionIn the current trend toward youthfulness and age reduction in competitive sports, the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes is becoming more severe. This not only affects their physical and mental health but also hampers their future prospects in the sports world. While delving into the impact of mindfulness on the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes, it reveals the mediating role of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional research that employs convenience and snowball sampling methods. We selected 403 young athletes from several universities and high-level sports teams in the central-southern region of China as valid samples and used AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses.ResultsThe research findings indicate a significant positive correlation between obsessive passion, cognitive state anxiety, and obligatory exercise. Furthermore, obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety mediate the relationship between mindfulness and obligatory exercise. This implies that young athletes can better regulate their emotional state during training, manage training loads sensibly, and avoid issues with obligatory exercise through mindfulness training.DiscussionIn conclusion, to enhance the cognitive levels of young athletes and reduce their obligatory exercise behaviors, national sports authorities and coaching teams should develop reasonable mindfulness training programs for athletes and encourage their participation in mindfulness training.

IntroductionAthletes, due to frequent physical interactions in competitive sports, are prone to impulsive behavior. Impulsive behavior is a prevalent psychological factor in sports, often leading to performance-affecting errors. This cross-sectional survey investigated the relationship between mindfulness and athletes’ impulsive behavior.MethodsWe sampled 403 athletes from youth training centers, universities, sports academies, and clubs in China using convenience and snowball sampling. Using AMOS v23, we analyzed the data with a structural equation model.ResultsOur structural equation model confirmed that mindfulness and self-regulation inversely correlate with impulsive behavior, while social evaluation anxiety positively correlates with impulsive behavior. Furthermore, self-regulation and social evaluation anxiety serve as intermediaries in the link between mindfulness and impulsive behavior.DiscussionsThis research suggests introducing mindfulness meditation practices in competitive settings to improve athletes’ social evaluation anxiety and enhance their self-regulation abilities, thereby boosting their psychological health and curbing impulsive behavior.

IntroductionAdolescence is considered a stress-sensitive developmental period, and the escalating and sustained pressure during this phase poses a significant threat to the mental and physical well-being of adolescents. Therefore, enhancing positive emotions in adolescents is crucial. This study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity on the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents.MethodsUsing a cluster sampling method, data were collected from 500 adolescents in four schools across the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, China. A total of 428 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The study employed AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses.ResultsThe results indicate that physical activity significantly influences the emotional intelligence, interpersonal forgiveness, and positive emotions of adolescents. Furthermore, emotional intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness mediate the relationship between physical activity and positive emotions.DiscussionBased on these findings, collaborative efforts from government agencies, schools, and families are essential to provide robust support for adolescents’ participation in physical activity, encouraging more adolescents to actively engage in sports.

Aeromonas salmonicida is an important pathogen that can infect a variety of marine and freshwater fish. There are five subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida: A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, A. salmonicida subsp. smithia, A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica. Traditionally, the detection of A. salmonicida has been based on 16S rRNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical characterization, but it is difficult to identify the subspecies using these methods. Outer membrane protein (A-layer protein, VapA), which is encoded by the vapA gene and regulated by the luxS gene, is an important secretion protein of A. salmonicida. It is involved in bacterial self-agglutination induction, macrophage phagocytosis resistance, and provides protection against chemicals such as antibiotics and disinfectants. In addition, the vapA gene is also an effective molecular marker for the identification of A. salmonicida subspecies, however, gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are required for subspecies determination. To establish an accurate and sensitive rapid detection of A. salmonicida subspecies, in this study we tried to establish a specific PCR method for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida identification. Based on genome analysis, the phoB and LOC111476736 genes were used as molecular markers for PCR amplification with specific primers designed according to the sequences in the GenBank database. The target gene was amplified using the genomic DNA of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and the method was optimized to improve the efficiency and accuracy of distinguishing these two subspecies from other pathogens in aquaculture. First, the annealing temperature, primer concentration, dNTPs concentration, Mg2+ concentration, and enzyme dosage of the PCR system were optimized to improve the sensitivity of the detection method. The results showed that the primers could amplify the phoB gene fragment of 522 bp and the LOC111476736 gene fragment of 515 bp. The optimal annealing temperature of specific primers for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was 64 ℃, and the optimal volume of 10 μmol/L primers, 2 mmol/L dNTPs, 25 mmol/L MgSO4, and 1 U/µL enzyme were 1.5 µL, 2.0 µL, 1.5 µL, and 0.5 μL (25 μL reaction system), respectively. The optimum annealing temperature of specific primers for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida was 64 ℃, and the optimum volume of 10 µmol/L primers, 2 mmol/L dNTPs, 25 mmol/L MgSO4, and 1 U/µL enzyme were 0.75 µL, 1.00 µL, 1.50 µL, and 0.50 µL (25 μL reaction system), respectively. The sensitivity of the detection method was determined using a gradient diluted A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC33658 bacterin as the template, and the target band could not be amplified when the bacterin concentration was lower than 12.8 CFU/reaction. The detection limit of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on the phoB gene sequence established in this study was 12.8 CFU/reaction. With DNA as the template, when the concentration of the DNA template was lower than 17.6 fg/reaction, the target band could not be amplified. Thus, the detection limit of specific primers based on the phoB gene sequence for A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was 17.6 fg/reaction. When the gradient dilution of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida ATCC27013 bacterin was used as the template, the target band could not be amplified when the bacterin concentration was lower than 23.8 CFU/reaction. Thus, the detection limit of the method for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, based on the LOC111476736 gene sequence was 23.8 CFU/reaction. With DNA of ATCC27013 as the template, when the concentration of the DNA template was lower than 27.2 fg/reaction, the target band could not be amplified. Thus, in this study, the detection limit of DNA for A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida using specific primers designed according to the LOC111476736 gene sequence was 27.2 fg/reaction. The specificity of the detection method using specific primers based on the phoB and LOC111476736 genes was also determined in this study. Aquaculture pathogens or environmental bacteria, such as Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae, Edwardsiella piscicida, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas encheleia, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Bacillus subtilis, were used as templates for specificity testing. No specific products were found for any of the other pathogens tested. The specific PCR products could only be amplified from the bacterins of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida. We also tested the application of detection methods using an experimentally infected turbot as a model. Turbot was infected with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain ASS20200608XZ11L or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida strain ASM20160705RZ6S by intramuscular injection. All turbot died within 7 days post-infection, and the liver, spleen, and kidney of moribund fish were used as templates. The results showed that the established method could accurately detect A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida in the turbot, without nonspecific amplification in the tissues of the healthy turbot. In conclusion, we established a specific PCR method to detect two subspecies of A. salmonicida, and these methods could be used as effective tools for investigating the epidemiology of A. salmonicida.

The efficiency of agro-tourism integration has become an important research object in evaluating agricultural efficiency. However, traditional efficiency evaluation theories and methods assume that all decision-making units are independent of each other and cannot effectively deal with the complex relationship between agriculture and tourism development. Based on the cooperative relationship between agriculture and tourism, this study constructed a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on cross-efficiency. It used ten input variables and six output variables from the agricultural and tourism systems to analyze the efficiency of agro-tourism integration in 31 provinces in mainland China from 2010 to 2019. The research results show that the efficiency of agro-tourism integration in China is relatively high and tourism significantly promotes agriculture. Still, the promotion efficiency of agriculture on tourism is low and the integration efficiency of agriculture and tourism in different provinces is significantly different with spatially differentiated features. From the perspective of dynamic trends, hot and sub-hot spots continue to gather in the developed eastern provinces, while cold spots and sub-cold spots mainly gather in the northwest region. Finally, eight indicators were selected to analyze the reasons for forming the spatial differentiation characteristics of China's efficiency of agro-tourism integration.

IntroductionEmotional eating not only contributes to physical obesity but also leads to the experience of guilt and shame, exacerbating emotional problems. Increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet, and seeking psychological support help improve emotional eating issues in overweight or obese young adults, enhancing overall mental and physical well-being.MethodsThis study investigates the correlation between physical activity, self-identity, social anxiety, and emotional eating among 373 overweight and obese college students aged 18–26 in central China. By utilizing AMOS v.26, a structural equation model was constructed to examine the hypotheses.ResultsThe findings reveal that physical activity significantly influences self-identity and social anxiety, which, in turn, significantly impact emotional eating. Moreover, self-identity and social anxiety serve as mediators in the relationship between physical activity and emotional eating. These results emphasize the role of physical activity in mitigating emotional eating among young individuals struggling with overweight and obesity.DiscussionConsequently, the government and relevant agencies are urged to address the issue of obesity among young adults and provide support for their engagement in physical activity.

IntroductionIn the highly competitive field of sports, impulsive behavior by athletes not only threatens personal and team harmony but also poses significant risks to their careers and public image. Despite these behaviors often becoming the focus of public attention, their underlying causes and prevention strategies remain relatively unknown. This study delves deep into the impact of mindfulness on athletes’ impulsive behavior, revealing the mediating roles of self-reflection and coping effectiveness.MethodsUsing a combination of snowball and convenience sampling, a sample of 403 athletes from high-level sports teams in the Central China region participated in a questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed using Amos v.23 software.ResultsThe findings indicate a positive correlation between mindfulness and coping effectiveness (standardized coefficient = 0.336, p

With China’s aging population on the rise, addressing population aging has become a national priority, particularly focusing on improving older adult health. This study employs the social determinants of health framework, considering China’s unique macro-social, economic, policy, healthcare, and family cultural factors, to develop a framework for understanding the social determinants of health for older adult in China. Using the fsQCA method and a configurational perspective, the complex relationship between social determinants of health and older adult health status is examined. The findings indicate that individual social determinants alone are insufficient for achieving high levels of older adult health. Instead, three configurations of social determinants have been identified as conducive to high older adult health: Economic Development-Environment – Cultural Dominant Type, Socio-Economic Development – Older Adult Security – Environment – Cultural Dominant Type, and Economic Development Dominant Type. These configurations offer diverse pathways for enhancing older adult health. Conversely, the study identifies two configurations associated with low older adult health levels, exhibiting an asymmetric relationship with the configurations resulting in high older adult health levels. Moreover, economic development consistently emerges as a core condition across all three configurations associated with high older adult health levels, while two configurations associated with low older adult health lack this core condition. These findings underscore the universal contribution of enhancing economic development to improving older adult health.

The study of vegetation phenology changes is important because it is a sensitive indicator of climate change, affecting the exchange of carbon, energy and water fluxes between the land and the atmosphere. Previous studies have focused on the effects of climatic factors among environmental factors on vegetation phenology, thus the effects of non-climatic factors among environmental factors have not been well quantified. This study endeavors to scrutinize the spatiotemporal inconsistency in the start-of-season (SOS) and the end-of-season (EOS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and to quantify the effects of environmental factors on phenology. To this end, the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiomater (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2001 to 2018 and four common used methods were employed to extract SOS and EOS, and the site data was used to select the most appropriate phenology results. The Geodetector model was used to assess and measure the explanatory power of different environmental factors. The research results indicate that temperature exerts a more substantial impact on phenology than precipitation on TP. non-climatic factors such as longitude, latitude, and elevation are more influential in determining the distribution of phenological trends than climatic factors. Among these non-climatic factors, latitude has the most prominent effect on the trends of SOS. Furthermore, non-climatic factors exhibit a stronger effect on SOS, whereas EOS is more susceptible to climatic factors and less influenced by non-climatic factors. These discoveries bear great significance in comprehending the intricate outcomes of regional changes on vegetation phenology and enhancing phenology models.

Aquatic vegetation interferes with river hydrodynamics, thus affecting the mass transport and energy transfer in an ecosystem. The flow over submerged vegetation is characterized by a complex velocity profile and multiple turbulence structures, which have been usually simulated using cylinders or strips in previous studies. Because the simplified vegetation configuration may hide or amplify some physical processes found in natural conditions, we investigate the velocity distribution and turbulence structure in foliaged vegetation flows using both analytical and numerical approaches. The main innovations and findings can be summarized as follows: 1) numerical and analytical models adopted in this paper accurately simulate the flow velocity profile in vegetated channel; 2) the Karman constant is found to be unsuitable for complex vegetation morphologies, so we proposed adjusted coefficient; 3) an image processing method is adopted to quantify the vegetation morphology accurately; 4) the existing mixing-layer thickness formula is found to be unsuitable for vegetation with leaves, an improved formula is proposed showing high correlation coefficient (0.9562) between measured and predicted data; 5) to ensure applicability to larger-scale hydrodynamic simulations, an analytical expression of Manning’s coefficient is proposed based on an analytical multi-layer flow velocity model. These research findings can provide theoretical support for the design of vegetated river and ecological restoration.

Abstract Owing to their superior capabilities and advanced achievements, Transformers have gradually attracted attention with regard to understanding complex brain processing mechanisms. This study aims to comprehensively review and discuss the applications of Transformers in brain sciences. First, we present a brief introduction of the critical architecture of Transformers. Then, we overview and analyze their most relevant applications in brain sciences, including brain disease diagnosis, brain age prediction, brain anomaly detection, semantic segmentation, multi‐modal registration, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) modeling, Electroencephalogram (EEG) processing, and multi‐task collaboration. We organize the model details and open sources for reference and replication. In addition, we discuss the quantitative assessments, model complexity, and optimization of Transformers, which are topics of great concern in the field. Finally, we explore possible future challenges and opportunities, exploiting some concrete and recent cases to provoke discussion and innovation. We hope that this review will stimulate interest in further research on Transformers in the context of brain sciences.

The implicit assumption of homogeneity in traditional economics fails to adequately explain the complex and contradictory behavior exhibited by different local governments in China during the land supply process. The issue of land supply is characterized by practical chaos and has fallen into a theoretical research dilemma. Starting from two dimensions of heterogeneity—preferences and income—this study establishes an evolutionary game model of the limited rationality of local governments. It explores the behavioral evolution process of local governments in the context of industrial competition for land supply and its convergence trends. The research findings indicate that the land supply behavior of local governments is primarily determined by the degree of heterogeneity in preferences and income, as well as the level of compensation for losses to cooperative partners and the severity of penalties for non-cooperative behavior. If local governments’ preferences converge towards a certain threshold or if their income continually increases, they are more inclined towards cooperative behavior; otherwise, they tend to act non-cooperatively. If local governments’ revenues are heavily reliant on industrial transfers, they are more likely to engage in non-cooperative land supply behavior. This research offers theoretical insights and policy recommendations to enhance the optimal allocation of land resources in China.