342 results on '"Huitao Liu"'
Search Results
2. Long-Term Protective Immunity against Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection Induced by a Genetically Modified Live Vaccine
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Swetha Madesh, Jodi McGill, Deborah C. Jaworski, Jonathan Ferm, Huitao Liu, Shawna Fitzwater, Paidashe Hove, Dominica Ferm, Arathy Nair, Cheyenne A. Knox, Kimia Alizadeh, Ashley Thackrah, and Roman R. Ganta
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tick-borne disease ,monocytic ehrlichiosis ,modified live vaccine ,Ehrlichia chaffeensis ,immune protection ,long-lasting immunity ,Medicine - Abstract
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease, is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Infections with the pathogen are also common in the canine host. Our previous studies demonstrated that functional disruption within the E. chaffeensis phage head-to-tail connector protein gene results in bacterial attenuation, creating a modified live attenuated vaccine (MLAV). The MLAV confers protective immunity against intravenous and tick transmission challenges one month following vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the duration of MLAV protection. Dogs vaccinated with the MLAV were challenged with wild-type E. chaffeensis via intravenous infection at 4-, 8-, and 12-months post-vaccination. Immunized dogs rapidly cleared the wild-type pathogen infection and tested positive for bacteremia less frequently than unvaccinated controls. While immune responses varied among dogs, vaccinees consistently mounted IgG and CD4+ T-cell responses specific to E. chaffeensis throughout the assessment period. Our findings demonstrate that MLAV-mediated immune protection persists for at least one year against wild-type bacterial infection, marking a major advancement in combating this serious tick-borne disease. The data presented here serve as the foundation for further studies, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence and vaccine development and aiding in preventing the diseases caused by E. chaffeensis and other tick-borne rickettsial pathogens.
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- 2024
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3. A Method of Coupling Lucerne Quality with Meteorological Data to Evaluate the Suitability of Hay Harvest
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Yao Li, Jin Xie, Huitao Liu, and Lipu Han
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lucerne ,evaluate method ,forage management ,meteorological data ,Agriculture - Abstract
The alfalfa harvest time is determined by the alfalfa growth stage and the weather factors at that time, which will affect the yield and quality of the alfalfa hay. Addressing issues like the lack of precise harvesting timing and underutilized production potential of lucerne, this study is based on the internal(fall dormancy level, crude protein, acid, neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value) and external factors(air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, ground temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation) affecting the quality of lucerne, as well as the relevant experimental data of the existing literature and the weather factors within 24 h after the lucerne harvest.Using principal component analysis to calculate the weights of the above indicators, the harvest suitability score formula was constructed to determine the harvesting time, harvesting method and harvesting stubble. Huanghua City was used as an example to confirm the method’s effectiveness in guiding for determining the optimal harvest date of lucerne in the city. Key findings include the following: The hay quality of the first two crops of alfalfa in Huanghua City was higher than that of the third and fourth crops, and the optimal harvest stage of alfalfa was before the precipitation concentration period, which was consistent with other local research results and weather characteristics, and the method was feasible. Precipitation was the most significant factor affecting the lucerne harvest. The effects of other weather factors on hay quality varied with precipitation conditions. The temperature was the second important factor when daily precipitation is less than 1 mm, and the wind speed became the second important factor when the daily precipitation is less than 10 mm and more than 1 mm. Under low suitability and high precipitation, it may be advisable to convert hay harvest to silage to maximize economic benefits. This research could help agricultural decision-makers to develop precise harvesting strategies, and further improve lucerne production efficiency.
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- 2024
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4. Salmonella inactivation on beef rump by plasma-activated water: a review
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Xiao Ouyang, Lina Huang, Huitao Liu, and Peng Chen
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foodborne illness ,salmonella ,plasma ,plasma-activated water ,physical-chemical properties ,beef rump ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the social economy and increases in societal productivity have intensified the focus on food quality, safety, and nutritional standards. A central challenge in advancing the food industry is improving food quality and safety at all stages of processing. Recent foodborne disease outbreaks have served as a critical alert, elevating food safety to a paramount concern globally. Pathogenic bacteria, particularly Salmonella, are primary contributors to foodborne illnesses, with Salmonella posing significant risks. It is a prevalent cause of food poisoning and a primary source of foodborne illness outbreaks. This review explores the dangers posed by foodborne illnesses specifically Salmonella, presenting an overview of the preparation of plasma-activated water. It elucidates the physical and chemical properties of plasma-activated water and reviews its mechanism for deactivating pathogens and its effectiveness against Salmonella in beef rump meat. The potential use of plasma-activated water in the food industry is also discussed.
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- 2024
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5. A combination of genetically engineered oncolytic virus and melittin-CpG for cancer viro-chemo-immunotherapy
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Amirhossein Bahreyni, Huitao Liu, Yasir Mohamud, Yuan Chao Xue, Yiyun Michelle Fan, Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang, and Honglin Luo
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Virotherapy ,Immunotherapy ,Chemotherapy ,Coxsackievirus B3 ,Melittin ,Immunogenic cell death ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient therapeutic approach for cancer management. However, stimulation of host immune system against cancer cells often fails to achieve promising clinical outcomes mainly owing to the immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Combination therapeutics that can trigger sustained immunogenic cell death (ICD) have provided new opportunities for cancer treatment. Methods In this study, we designed and applied an ICD inducer regimen, including a genetically engineered oncolytic virus (miRNA-modified coxsackieviruses B3, miR-CVB3), a pore-forming lytic peptide (melittin, found in bee venom), and a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides), for breast cancer and melanoma treatment. We compared the anti-tumor efficacy of miR-CVB3 and CpG-melittin (CpGMel) alone and in combination (miR-CVB3 + CpGMel) and investigated possible mechanisms involved. Results We demonstrated that miR-CVB3 + CpGMel had no major impact on viral growth, while enhancing the cellular uptake of CpGMel in vitro. We further showed that combination therapy led to significant increases in tumor cell death and release of damage-associated molecular patterns compared with individual treatment. In vivo studies in 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice revealed that both primary and distant tumors were significantly suppressed, and the survival rate was significantly prolonged after administration of miR-CVB3 + CpGMel compared with single treatment. This anti-tumor effect was accompanied by increased ICD and immune cell infiltration into the TME. Safety analysis showed no significant pathological abnormalities in Balb/c mice. Furthermore, the developed therapeutic regimen also demonstrated a great anti-tumor activity in B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 J mice. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that although single treatment using miR-CVB3 or CpGMel can efficiently delay tumor growth, combining oncolytic virus-based therapy can generate even stronger anti-tumor immunity, leading to a greater reduction in tumor size.
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- 2023
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6. The First High-quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights into High-tannin Adaptation
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Xiumei Xing, Cheng Ai, Tianjiao Wang, Yang Li, Huitao Liu, Pengfei Hu, Guiwu Wang, Huamiao Liu, Hongliang Wang, Ranran Zhang, Junjun Zheng, Xiaobo Wang, Lei Wang, Yuxiao Chang, Qian Qian, Jinghua Yu, Lixin Tang, Shigang Wu, Xiujuan Shao, Alun Li, Peng Cui, Wei Zhan, Sheng Zhao, Zhichao Wu, Xiqun Shao, Yimeng Dong, Min Rong, Yihong Tan, Xuezhe Cui, Shuzhuo Chang, Xingchao Song, Tongao Yang, Limin Sun, Yan Ju, Pei Zhao, Huanhuan Fan, Ying Liu, Xinhui Wang, Wanyun Yang, Min Yang, Tao Wei, Shanshan Song, Jiaping Xu, Zhigang Yue, Qiqi Liang, Chunyi Li, Jue Ruan, and Fuhe Yang
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Sika deer ,Whole-genome sequencing ,Chromosome-scale assembly ,Oak leaf ,Tannin tolerance ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves, which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear. In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet, we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer. We generated the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments. Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food, especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes. The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation. Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.
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- 2023
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7. Enhanced genomic stability of new miRNA-regulated oncolytic coxsackievirus B3
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Huitao Liu, Amirhossein Bahreyni, Yasir Mohamud, Yuan Chao Xue, William W.G. Jia, and Honglin Luo
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oncolytic virus ,coxsackievirus B3 ,miRNA ,genomic stability ,oncolytic activity ,cytotoxicity ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Genetic modification of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) by inserting target sequences (TS) of tumor-suppressive and/or organ-selective microRNAs (miRs) into viral genome can efficiently eliminate viral pathogenesis without significant impacts on its oncolytic activity. Nonetheless, reversion mutants (loss of miR-TS inserts) were identified as early as day 35 post-injection in ∼40% immunodeficient mice. To improve the stability, here we re-engineered CVB3 by (1) replacing the same length of viral genome at the non-coding region with TS of cardiac-selective miR-1/miR-133 and pancreas-enriched miR-216/miR-375 or (2) inserting the above miR-TS into the coding region (i.e., P1 region) of viral genome. Serial passaging of these newly established miR-CVB3s in cultured cells for 20 rounds demonstrated significantly improved stability compared with the first-generation miR-CVB3 with 5′UTR insertion of miR-TS. The safety and stability of these new miR-CVB3s was verified in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, we showed that these new viruses retained the ability to suppress lung tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Finally, we observed that miR-CVB3 with insertion in P1 region was more stable than miR-CVB3 with preserved length of the 5′UTR, whereas the latter displayed significantly higher oncolytic activity. Overall, we presented here valid strategies to enhance the genomic stability of miR-CVB3 for virotherapy.
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- 2022
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8. Multiple Ehrlichia chaffeensis genes critical for persistent infection in a vertebrate host are identified as nonessential for its growth in the tick vector; Amblyomma americanum
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Deborah C. Jaworski, Ying Wang, Arathy Nair, Huitao Liu, and Roman R. Ganta
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis ,rickettsial genetics ,tick-borne pathogens ,tick- and host-specific Ehrlichia genes ,mutational studies ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick-transmitted monocytic ehrlichiosis agent primarily causing the disease in people and dogs. We recently described the development and characterization of 55 random mutations in E. chaffeensis, which aided in defining the critical nature of many bacterial genes for its growth in a physiologically relevant canine infection model. In the current study, we tested 45 of the mutants for their infectivity ability to the pathogen’s tick vector; Amblyomma americanum. Four mutations resulted in the pathogen’s replication deficiency in the tick, similar to the vertebrate host. Mutations causing growth defects in both vertebrate and tick hosts included in genes coding for a predicted alpha/beta hydrolase, a putative dicarboxylate amino acid:cation symporter, a T4SS protein, and predicted membrane-bound proteins. Three mutations caused the bacterial defective growth only in the tick vector, which represented putative membrane proteins. Ten mutations causing no growth defect in the canine host similarly grew well in the tick vector. Mutations in 28 genes/genomic locations causing E. chaffeensis growth attenuation in the canine host were recognized as non-essential for its growth in the tick vector. The tick non-essential genes included genes coding for many metabolic pathway- and outer membrane-associated proteins. This study documents novel vector- and host-specific differences in E. chaffeensis for its functional gene requirements.
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- 2023
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9. Astrocytic SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting GDNF signaling
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Lingting Jin, Jingjing Zhang, Xin Hua, Xingxing Xu, Jia Li, Jiaojiao Wang, Mianxian Wang, Huitao Liu, Haoyu Qiu, Man Chen, Xu Zhang, Ying Wang, and Zhihui Huang
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Astrocytes are important components of the innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS), involving in the inflammatory and neurotoxic responses that occur in CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have shown that SARM1 plays a critical role in axonal degeneration and inflammation. However, the detailed role of astrocytic SARM1 in MS remains unclear. Here, we established the MS model of mice - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and found that SARM1 was upregulated in astrocytes of the spinal cords of EAE mice. Moreover, conditional knockout of astrocytic SARM1 (SARM1 GFAP -CKO mice, SARM1 Aldh1L1 -CKO mice) delayed EAE with later onset, alleviated the inflammatory infiltration, and inhibited the demyelination and neuronal death. Mechanically, RNA-seq revealed that the expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was upregulated in SARM1 −/− astrocytes. Western blot and immunostaining further confirmed the upregulation of GDNF in spinal cord astrocytes of SARM1 GFAP -CKO EAE mice. Interestingly, the downregulation of GDNF by streptozotocin (STZ, a drug used to downregulate GDNF) treatment worsened the deficits of SARM1 GFAP -CKO EAE mice. These findings identify that astrocytic SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination in EAE by inhibiting the expression of GDNF, reveal the novel role of SARM1/GDNF signaling in EAE, and provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of MS.
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- 2022
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10. SARM1 deletion in parvalbumin neurons is associated with autism-like behaviors in mice
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Ludan Xiang, Qian Wu, Huankun Sun, Xuemeng Miao, Zhaoting Lv, Huitao Liu, Lan Chen, Yanrou Gu, Jianjun Chen, Siyao Zhou, Huixia Jiang, Siyu Du, Yixin Zhou, Hui Dong, Yiren Fan, Shuangda Miao, Qi Lu, Liyun Chang, Hui Wang, Yi Lu, Xingxing Xu, Wei Wang, and Zhihui Huang
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of neurodevelopmental disorder diseases, is characterized by social deficits, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) is known as an autism-associated protein and is enriched in brain tissue. Moreover, SARM1 knockdown mice exhibit autism-like behaviors. However, its specific mechanism in ASD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we generated parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVI)-specific conditional SARM1 knockout (SARM1PV-CKO) mice. SARM1PV-CKO male mice showed autism-like behaviors, such as mild social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. Moreover, we found that the expression level of parvalbumin was reduced in SARM1PV-CKO male mice, together with upregulated apoptosis-related proteins and more cleaved-caspase-3-positive PVIs, suggesting that knocking out SARM1 may cause a reduction in the number of PVIs due to apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of c-fos was shown to increase in SARM1PV-CKO male mice, in combination with upregulation of excitatory postsynaptic proteins such as PSD-95 or neuroligin-1, indicating enhanced excitatory synaptic input in mutant mice. This notion was further supported by the partial rescue of autism-like behavior deficits by the administration of GABA receptor agonists in SARM1PV-CKO male mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SARM1 deficiency in PVIs may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.
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- 2022
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11. Sublethal enteroviral infection exacerbates disease progression in an ALS mouse model
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Yuan Chao Xue, Huitao Liu, Yasir Mohamud, Amirhossein Bahreyni, Jingchun Zhang, Neil R. Cashman, and Honglin Luo
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Enterovirus ,ALS ,Neuroinflammation ,SOD1 mouse model ,TDP-43 pathology ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovirus and coxsackievirus, such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), has been proposed as a possible causal/risk factor for ALS due to the evidence that enteroviruses can target motor neurons and establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and recent findings that enteroviral infection-induced molecular and pathological phenotypes closely resemble ALS. However, a causal relationship has not yet been affirmed. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6J and G85R mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G85R) ALS mice were intracerebroventricularly infected with a sublethal dose of CVB3 or sham-infected. For a subset of mice, ribavirin (a broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral drug) was given subcutaneously during the acute or chronic stage of infection. Following viral infection, general activity and survival were monitored daily for up to week 60. Starting at week 20 post-infection (PI), motor functions were measured weekly. Mouse brains and/or spinal cords were harvested at day 10, week 20 and week 60 PI for histopathological evaluation of neurotoxicity, immunohistochemical staining of viral protein, neuroinflammatory/immune and ALS pathology markers, and NanoString and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression. Results We found that sublethal infection (mimicking chronic infection) of SOD1G85R ALS mice with CVB3 resulted in early onset and progressive motor dysfunction, and shortened lifespan, while similar viral infection in C57BL/6J, the background strain of SOD1G85R mice, did not significantly affect motor function and mortality as compared to mock infection within the timeframe of the current study (60 weeks PI). Furthermore, we showed that CVB3 infection led to a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration and induced ALS-related pathologies (i.e., TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology and neuronal damage) in the CNS of both SOD1G85R and C57BL/6J mice. Finally, we discovered that early (day 1) but not late (day 15) administration of ribavirin could rescue ALS-like neuropathology and symptoms induced by CVB3 infection. Conclusions Our study identifies a new risk factor that contributes to early onset and accelerated progression of ALS and offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies.
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- 2022
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12. Astrocytic YAP prevents the demyelination through promoting expression of cholesterol synthesis genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
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Jingjing Zhang, Xingxing Xu, Huitao Liu, Lingting Jin, Xiya Shen, Changnan Xie, Weiwei Xiang, Danlu Yang, Wenjin Feng, Jiaojiao Wang, Mianxian Wang, Tianyingying Dong, Haoyu Qiu, Lihao Wu, Ying Wang, Xu Zhang, and Zhihui Huang
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Cholesterols are the main components of myelin, and are mainly synthesized in astrocytes and transported to oligodendrocytes and neurons in the adult brain. It has been reported that Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP) pathways are involved in cholesterol synthesis in the liver, however, it remains unknown whether YAP signaling can prevent the demyelination through promoting cholesterol synthesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination. Here, we found that YAP was upregulated and activated in astrocytes of spinal cords of EAE mice through suppression of the Hippo pathway. YAP deletion in astrocytes aggravated EAE with earlier onset, severer inflammatory infiltration, demyelination, and more loss of neurons. Furthermore, we found that the neuroinflammation was aggravated and the proliferation of astrocytes was decreased in YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Mechanically, RNA-seq revealed that the expression of cholesterol-synthesis pathway genes such as HMGCS1 were decreased in YAP−/− astrocytes. qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining further confirmed the more significant reduction of HMGCS1 in spinal cord astrocytes of YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Interestingly, upregulation of cholesterol-synthesis pathways by diarylpropionitrile (DPN) (an ERβ-ligand, to upregulate the expression of HMGCS1) treatment partially rescued the demyelination deficits in YAPGFAP-CKO EAE mice. Finally, activation of YAP by XMU-MP-1 treatment promoted the expression of HMGCS1 in astrocytes and partially rescued the demyelination and inflammatory infiltration deficits in EAE mice. These findings identify unrecognized functions of astrocytic YAP in the prevention of demyelination through promoting cholesterol synthesis in EAE, and reveal a novel pathway of YAP/HMGCS1 for cholesterol synthesis in EAE pathology.
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- 2021
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13. Changes in mental health levels among Chinese physical education college students from 1995 to 2019
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Fengzhan Li, Jinxiao Liu, Fanshuo Qiu, Huitao Liu, Sufei Xin, and Qun Yang
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physical education college students ,SCL-90 ,mental health ,cross-temporal meta-analysis ,meta-analysis ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
To explore the changes in the mental health levels of Chinese physical education college students, the present study conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 43 papers that adopted the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that the average scores of the seven SCL-90 factors were negatively correlated with the year of data collection. The socioeconomic indicators (GDP, per capita GDP and household consumption level) were significantly negatively correlated with the eight dimension scores of the SCL-90 (except for phobic anxiety). The mean effect sizes of the sex differences in the seven dimension scores (except depression and phobic anxiety) were lower than the small effect size. In conclusion, Chinese physical education college students’ mental health levels have increased in the past 25 years. This phenomenon may be related to Chinese socioeconomic growth, the implementation of national sports policies, and the provision of mental health education for college students. In addition, although the increasing trend in the mental health level of female students was more obvious, there were no significant sex differences.
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- 2022
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14. cGAS and DDX41-STING mediated intrinsic immunity spreads intercellularly to promote neuroinflammation in SOD1 ALS model
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Hong Yien Tan, Yean Kong Yong, Yuan Chao Xue, Huitao Liu, Tomomi Furihata, Esaki Muthu Shankar, and Chen Seng Ng
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Pathophysiology ,Neuroscience ,Immunology ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Neuroinflammation exacerbates the progression of SOD1-driven amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that misfolded SOD1 (SOD1Mut)-causing ALS results in mitochondrial damage, thus triggering the release of mtDNA and an RNA:DNA hybrid into the cytosol in an mPTP-independent manner to activate IRF3- and IFNAR-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulating genes. The neuronal hyper-IFN-I and pro-inflammatory responses triggered in ALS-SOD1Mut were sufficiently robust to cause a strong physiological outcome in vitro and in vivo. cGAS/DDX41-STING-signaling is amplified in bystander cells through inter-neuronal gap junctions. Our results highlight the importance of a common DNA-sensing pathway between SOD1 and TDP-43 in influencing the progression of ALS.
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- 2022
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15. Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis.
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Paidashe Hove, Swetha Madesh, Arathy Nair, Deborah Jaworski, Huitao Liu, Jonathan Ferm, Michael D Kleinhenz, Margaret A Highland, Andrew K Curtis, Johann F Coetzee, Susan M Noh, Ying Wang, Dominica Genda, and Roman R Ganta
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available. Here, we describe a targeted mutagenesis method for deletion of the phage head-to-tail connector protein (phtcp) gene in Anaplasma marginale. The mutant did not cause disease and exhibited attenuated growth in its natural host (cattle). We then assessed its ability to confer protection against wild-type A. marginale infection challenge. Additionally, we compared vaccine protection with the mutant to that of whole cell A. marginale inactivated antigens as a vaccine (WCAV) candidate. Upon infection challenge, non-vaccinated control cattle developed severe disease, with an average 57% drop in packed cell volume (PCV) between days 26-31 post infection, an 11% peak in erythrocytic infection, and apparent anisocytosis. Conversely, following challenge, all animals receiving the live mutant did not develop clinical signs or anemia, or erythrocyte infection. In contrast, the WCAV vaccinees developed similar disease as the non-vaccinees following A. marginale infection, though the peak erythrocyte infection reduced to 6% and the PCV dropped 43%. This is the first study describing targeted mutagenesis and its application in determining in vivo virulence and vaccine development for an Anaplasma species pathogen. This study will pave the way for similar research in related Anaplasma pathogens impacting multiple hosts.
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- 2022
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16. Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotic Analysis
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Guangli Zhao, Yue Zhang, Dani Sun, Shili Yan, Yuhao Wen, Yixiao Wang, Guisheng Li, Huitao Liu, Jinhua Li, and Zhihua Song
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antibiotics ,molecularly imprinted polymers ,imprinting techniques ,solid-phase extraction ,sensor ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The abuse and residues of antibiotics have a great impact on the environment and organisms, and their determination has become very important. Due to their low contents, varieties and complex matrices, effective recognition, separation and enrichment are usually required prior to determination. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a kind of highly selective polymer prepared via molecular imprinting technology (MIT), are used widely in the analytical detection of antibiotics, as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and as recognition elements of sensors. Herein, recent advances in MIPs for antibiotic residue analysis are reviewed. Firstly, several new preparation techniques of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are briefly introduced, including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, and multi-template imprinting, multi-functional monomer imprinting and dummy template imprinting. Secondly, several SPE modes based on MIPs are summarized, namely packed SPE, magnetic SPE, dispersive SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersive extraction, solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction and pipette-tip SPE. Thirdly, the basic principles of MIP-based sensors and three sensing modes, including electrochemical sensing, optical sensing and mass sensing, are also outlined. Fourthly, the research progress on molecularly imprinted SPEs (MISPEs) and MIP-based electrochemical/optical/mass sensors for the detection of various antibiotic residues in environmental and food samples since 2018 are comprehensively reviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, β-lactams and so on. Finally, the preparation and application prospects of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are outlined.
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- 2023
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17. Applications of Molecular Imprinting Technology in the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Yue Zhang, Guangli Zhao, Kaiying Han, Dani Sun, Na Zhou, Zhihua Song, Huitao Liu, Jinhua Li, and Guisheng Li
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molecular imprinting technology (MIT) ,molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) ,Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ,active components ,hazardous components ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most internationally competitive industries. In the context of TCM modernization and internationalization, TCM-related research studies have entered a fast track of development. At the same time, research of TCM is also faced with challenges, such as matrix complexity, component diversity and low level of active components. As an interdisciplinary technology, molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has gained popularity in TCM study, owing to the produced molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possessing the unique features of structure predictability, recognition specificity and application universality, as well as physical robustness, thermal stability, low cost and easy preparation. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances of MIT for TCM studies since 2017, focusing on two main aspects including extraction/separation and purification and detection of active components, and identification analysis of hazardous components. The fundamentals of MIT are briefly outlined and emerging preparation techniques for MIPs applied in TCM are highlighted, such as surface imprinting, nanoimprinting and multitemplate and multifunctional monomer imprinting. Then, applications of MIPs in common active components research including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and polyphenols, etc. are respectively summarized, followed by screening and enantioseparation. Related identification detection of hazardous components from TCM itself, illegal addition, or pollution residues (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides) are discussed. Moreover, the applications of MIT in new formulation of TCM, chiral drug resolution and detection of growing environment are summarized. Finally, we propose some issues still to be solved and future research directions to be expected of MIT for TCM studies.
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- 2022
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18. MicroRNA Modification of Coxsackievirus B3 Decreases Its Toxicity, while Retaining Oncolytic Potency against Lung Cancer
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Huitao Liu, Yuan Chao Xue, Haoyu Deng, Yasir Mohamud, Chen Seng Ng, Axel Chu, Chinten James Lim, William W. Lockwood, William W.G. Jia, and Honglin Luo
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
We recently discovered that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a potent oncolytic virus against KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Nevertheless, the evident toxicity restricts the use of wild-type (WT)-CVB3 for cancer therapy. The current study aims to engineer the CVB3 to decrease its toxicity and to extend our previous research to determine its safety and efficacy in treating TP53/RB1 mutant small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). A microRNA-modified CVB3 (miR-CVB3) was generated via inserting multiple copies of tumor-suppressive miR-145/miR-143 target sequences into the viral genome. In vitro experiments revealed that miR-CVB3 retained the ability to infect and lyse KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma and TP53/RB1-mutant SCLC cells, but with a markedly reduced cytotoxicity toward cardiomyocytes. In vivo study using a TP53/RB1-mutant SCLC xenograft model demonstrated that a single dose of miR-CVB3 via systemic administration resulted in a significant tumor regression. Most strikingly, mice treated with miR-CVB3 exhibited greatly attenuated cardiotoxicities and decreased viral titers compared to WT-CVB3-treated mice. Collectively, we generated a recombinant CVB3 that is powerful in destroying both KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma and TP53/RB1-mutant SCLC, with a negligible toxicity toward normal tissues. Future investigation is needed to address the issue of genome instability of miR-CVB3, which was observed in ~40% of mice after a prolonged treatment. Keywords: coxsackievirus B3, oncolytic virus, lung adenocarcinoma, KRAS mutation, small-cell lung cancer, TP53/RB1 mutation, miRNA-145, miRNA-143, cardiotoxicity, virotherapy
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- 2020
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19. Coxsackievirus Type B3 Is a Potent Oncolytic Virus against KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Haoyu Deng, Huitao Liu, Tanya de Silva, YuanChao Xue, Yasir Mohamud, Chen Seng Ng, Junyan Qu, Jingchun Zhang, William W.G. Jia, William W. Lockwood, and Honglin Luo
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
KRAS mutant (KRASmut) lung adenocarcinoma is a refractory cancer without available targeted therapy. The current study explored the possibility to develop coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) as an oncolytic agent for the treatment of KRASmut lung adenocarcinoma. In cultured cells, we discovered that CVB3 selectively infects and lyses KRASmut lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549, H2030, and H23), while sparing normal lung epithelial cells (primary, BEAS2B, HPL1D, and 1HAEo) and EGFRmut lung adenocarcinoma cells (HCC4006, PC9, H3255, and H1975). Using stable cells expressing a single driver mutation of either KRASG12V or EGFRL858R in normal lung epithelial cells (HPL1D), we further showed that CVB3 specifically kills HPL1D-KRASG12V cells with minimal harm to HPL1D-EGFRL858R and control cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that aberrant activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and compromised type I interferon immune response in KRASmut lung adenocarcinoma cells serve as key factors contributing to the sensitivity to CVB3-induced cytotoxicity. Lastly, we conducted in vivo xenograft studies using two immunocompromised mouse models. Our results revealed that intratumoral injection of CVB3 results in a marked tumor regression of KRASmut lung adenocarcinoma in both non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) gamma (NSG) and NOD-SCID xenograft models. Together, our findings suggest that CVB3 is an excellent candidate to be further developed as a targeted therapy for KRASmut lung adenocarcinoma. Keywords: coxsackievirus B3, oncolytic virus, lung adenocarcinoma, KRAS mutation, EGFR mutation, ERK1/2 signaling, type I interferon, enterovirus, virotherapy
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- 2019
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20. Evaluating EcxR for Its Possible Role in Ehrlichia chaffeensis Gene Regulation
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Huitao Liu, Cheyenne A. Knox, Laxmi U. M. R. Jakkula, Ying Wang, Lalitha Peddireddi, and Roman R. Ganta
- Subjects
obligate intracellular bacteria ,rickettsial gene regulation ,ehrlichia tick-borne disease ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted intraphagosomal bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. The pathogen also infects several other vertebrate hosts. E. chaffeensis has a biphasic developmental cycle during its growth in vertebrate monocytes/macrophages and invertebrate tick cells. Host- and vector-specific differences in the gene expression from many genes of E. chaffeensis are well documented. It is unclear how the organism regulates gene expression during its developmental cycle and for its adaptation to vertebrate and tick host cell environments. We previously mapped promoters of several E. chaffeensis genes which are recognized by its only two sigma factors: σ32 and σ70. In the current study, we investigated in assessing five predicted E. chaffeensis transcription regulators; EcxR, CtrA, MerR, HU and Tr1 for their possible roles in regulating the pathogen gene expression. Promoter segments of three genes each transcribed with the RNA polymerase containing σ70 (HU, P28-Omp14 and P28-Omp19) and σ32 (ClpB, DnaK and GroES/L) were evaluated by employing multiple independent molecular methods. We report that EcxR binds to all six promoters tested. Promoter-specific binding of EcxR to several gene promoters results in varying levels of gene expression enhancement. This is the first detailed molecular characterization of transcription regulators where we identified EcxR as a gene regulator having multiple promoter-specific interactions.
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- 2022
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21. Recent Advances in Molecular-Imprinting-Based Solid-Phase Extraction of Antibiotics Residues Coupled With Chromatographic Analysis
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Dani Sun, Zhihua Song, Yue Zhang, Yixiao Wang, Min Lv, Huitao Liu, Liyan Wang, Wenhui Lu, Jinhua Li, and Lingxin Chen
- Subjects
molecularly imprinted polymers ,antibiotics ,sample preparation ,solid-phase extraction ,review ,imprinting technique ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Abuse and residues of antibiotics cause great harm to organisms and the environment. Appropriate sample pretreatment is usually required for sensitive determination, because of the low content presence of a variety of antibiotics in complicated matrices. Molecular-imprinting-based solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been widely used for sample pretreatment of antibiotics, using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as adsorbents. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advances of MISPE of antibiotics, followed by chromatographic analysis. Various solid-phase extraction (SPE) modes based on MIPs are briefly introduced, such as conventional SPE, dispersive SPE, magnetic SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and pipette-tip SPE. Then, several emerging preparation techniques for antibiotics MIPs are summarized including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, multitemplate imprinting, multifunctional monomer imprinting, and dummy template imprinting. Subsequently, applications of MISPE to analysis of a variety of antibiotics residues since 2018 are overviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracycline, and others. Finally, the preparation and application of antibiotics MIPs are prospected.
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- 2021
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22. Autophagy Receptor Protein Tax1-Binding Protein 1/TRAF6-Binding Protein Is a Cellular Substrate of Enteroviral Proteinase
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Yasir Mohamud, Yuan Chao Xue, Huitao Liu, Chen Seng Ng, Amirhossein Bahreyni, and Honglin Luo
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enterovirus ,coxsackievirus ,selective autophagy ,TRAF6-binding protein ,Tax1-binding protein 1 ,optineurin ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) usurp the host autophagy pathway for pro-viral functions; however, the consequence of EV-induced diversion of autophagy on organelle quality control is poorly defined. Using coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) as a model EV, we explored the interplay between EV infection and selective autophagy receptors, i.e., Tax1-binding protein 1/TRAF6-binding protein (T6BP), optineurin (OPTN), and nuclear dot 10 protein 52 (NDP52), known to be involved in regulating the clearance of damaged mitochondria, a process termed as mitophagy. Following CVB3 infection, we showed significant perturbations of the mitochondrial network coincident with degradation of the autophagy receptor protein T6BP, similar phenomenon to what we previously observed on NDP52. Notably, protein levels of OPTN are not altered during early infection and slightly reduced upon late infection. Cell culture studies revealed that T6BP degradation occurs independent of the function of host caspases and viral proteinase 3C, but requires the proteolytic activity of viral proteinase 2A. Further investigation identified the cleavage site on T6BP after the amino acid 621 that separates the C-terminal ubiquitin-binding domain from the other functional domains at the N-terminus. Genetic silencing of T6BP and OPTN results in the attenuation of CVB3 replication, suggesting a pro-viral activity for these two proteins. Finally, functional assessment of cleaved fragments from NDP52 and T6BP revealed abnormal binding affinity and impaired capacity to be recruited to depolarized mitochondria. Collectively, these results suggest that CVB3 targets autophagy receptors to impair selective autophagy.
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- 2021
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23. Lower Plasma Total Testosterone Levels Were Associated With Steeper Decline in Brain Glucose Metabolism in Non-demented Older Men
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Xiwu Wang, Zhaoting Lv, Qian Wu, Huitao Liu, Yanrou Gu, and Teng Ye
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testosterone ,Alzheimer’s disease ,brain glucose metabolism ,FDG ,longitudinal study ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
ObjectiveThere is growing evidence that testosterone may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to examine the relationship between plasma total testosterone levels and change in brain glucose metabolism over time among non-demented older people.MethodsThe association of plasma total testosterone levels with change in brain glucose metabolism among non-demented older people was investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Given a significant difference in levels of plasma total testosterone between gender, we performed our analysis in a sex-stratified way. At baseline, 228 non-demented older people were included: 152 males and 76 females.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, no significant relationship between plasma total testosterone levels and brain glucose metabolism was found in males or females. In the longitudinal analysis, we found a significant association of plasma total testosterone levels with change in brain glucose metabolism over time in males, but not in females. More specifically, in males, higher levels of total testosterone in plasma at baseline were associated with slower decline in brain glucose metabolism.ConclusionWe found that higher levels of total testosterone in plasma at baseline were associated with slower decline in brain glucose metabolism in males without dementia, indicating that testosterone may have beneficial effects on brain function.
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- 2021
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24. MicroRNA Modification of Coxsackievirus B3 Decreases Its Toxicity, while Retaining Oncolytic Potency against Lung Cancer
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Huitao Liu, Yuan Chao Xue, Haoyu Deng, Yasir Mohamud, Chen Seng Ng, Axel Chu, Chinten James Lim, William W. Lockwood, William W.G. Jia, and Honglin Luo
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2021
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25. Dysregulation of RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Yuan Chao Xue, Chen Seng Ng, Pinhao Xiang, Huitao Liu, Kevin Zhang, Yasir Mohamud, and Honglin Luo
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aggregation ,gene mutations ,nucleocytoplasmic transport ,RNA-binding proteins ,RNA metabolism ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Genetic analyses of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have revealed a strong association between mutations in genes encoding many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including TARDBP, FUS, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, MATR3, ATXN2, TAF15, TIA-1, and EWSR1, and disease onset/progression. RBPs are a group of evolutionally conserved proteins that participate in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, including splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, localization, and translation. Dysregulation of RBPs, as a consequence of gene mutations, impaired nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, posttranslational modification (PTM), aggregation, and sequestration by abnormal RNA foci, has been shown to be involved in neurodegeneration and the development of ALS. While the exact mechanism by which dysregulated RBPs contribute to ALS remains elusive, emerging evidence supports the notion that both a loss of function and/or a gain of toxic function of these ALS-linked RBPs play a significant role in disease pathogenesis through facilitating abnormal protein interaction, causing aberrant RNA metabolism, and by disturbing ribonucleoprotein granule dynamics and phase transition. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which RBPs are dysregulated and the influence of defective RBPs on cellular homeostasis during the development of ALS. The strategies of ongoing clinical trials targeting RBPs and/or relevant processes are also discussed in the present review.
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- 2020
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26. Protein and DNA synthesis demonstrated in cell-free Ehrlichia chaffeensis organisms in axenic medium
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Vijay K. Eedunuri, Yuntao Zhang, Chuanmin Cheng, Li Chen, Huitao Liu, Anders Omsland, Dan Boyle, and Roman R. Ganta
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted rickettsial bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Biochemical characterization of this and other related Rickettsiales remains a major challenge, as they require a host cell for their replication. We investigated the use of an axenic medium for E. chaffeensis growth, assessed by protein and DNA synthesis, in the absence of a host cell. E. chaffeensis organisms harvested from in vitro cultures grown in a vertebrate cell line were fractionated into infectious dense-core cells (DC) and the non-infectious replicating form, known as reticulate cells (RC) by renografin density gradient centrifugation and incubated in the axenic medium containing amino acids, nucleotides, and different energy sources. Bacterial protein and DNA synthesis were observed in RCs in response to glucose-6-phosphate, although adenosine triphosphate, alpha-ketoglutarate or sodium acetate supported protein synthesis. The biosynthetic activity could not be detected in DCs in the axenic medium. While the data demonstrate de novo protein and DNA synthesis under axenic conditions for E. chaffeensis RCs, additional modifications are required in order to establish conditions that support bacterial replication, and transition to DCs.
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- 2018
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27. The complete mitochondrial genome of Cervus elaphus kansuensis (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) and its phylogenetic analysis
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Huitao Liu, Tianjiao Wang, Jinming He, Jianfeng Tu, Xuzhong Yang, Fuhe Yang, and Xiumei Xing
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mitochondrial genome ,cervus elaphus kansuensis ,wapiti ,phylogeny ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Gansu wapiti (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) is one of eight subspecies of wapiti in China, which has been placed under the second-ranked protected animals by Chinese government. No complete mitochondrial genomes of Gansu wapiti was determined until now, so the phylogenetic relationships among the subspecies of wapiti and other species of the genus Cervus have not been well studied. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of C. e. kansuensis was first sequenced and characterized. The genome is 16,430 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one noncoding control region (CR). Maximum-Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) trees based on the 13 PCGs show that C. e. kansuensis is clustered with other wapiti subspecies in China except for C. e. yarkandensis. It is also shown that Cervus elaphus is not a monophyletic group. This study provides important molecular evidence for the phylogenetic relationship among species in the genus Cervus.
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- 2019
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28. Functional Characterization of Multiple Ehrlichia chaffeensis Sodium (Cation)/Proton Antiporter Genes Involved in the Bacterial pH Homeostasis
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Lanjing Wei, Huitao Liu, Kimia Alizadeh, Maria D. Juarez-Rodriguez, and Roman R. Ganta
- Subjects
functional genomics ,rickettsial diseases ,tick-borne diseases ,antiporters ,pH homeostasis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Little is known about how this and other related tick-borne rickettsia pathogens maintain pH homeostasis in acidified phagosomes and the extracellular milieu. The membrane-bound sodium (cation)/proton antiporters are found in a wide range of organisms aiding pH homeostasis. We recently reported a mutation in an antiporter gene of E. chaffeensis (ECH_0379) which causes bacterial in vivo attenuation. The E. chaffeensis genome contains 10 protein coding sequences encoding for predicted antiporters. We report here that nine of these genes are transcribed during the bacterial growth in macrophages and tick cells. All E. chaffeensis antiporter genes functionally complemented antiporter deficient Escherichia coli. Antiporter activity for all predicted E. chaffeensis genes was observed at pH 5.5, while gene products of ECH_0179 and ECH_0379 were also active at pH 8.0, and ECH_0179 protein was complemented at pH 7.0. The antiporter activity was independently verified for the ECH_0379 protein by proteoliposome diffusion analysis. This is the first description of antiporters in E. chaffeensis and demonstrates that the pathogen contains multiple antiporters with varying biological functions, which are likely important for the pH homeostasis of the pathogen’s replicating and infectious forms.
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- 2021
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29. Development of Group B Coxsackievirus as an Oncolytic Virus: Opportunities and Challenges
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Huitao Liu and Honglin Luo
- Subjects
coxsackievirus B ,oncolytic virus ,cancer ,virotherapy ,toxicity ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy due to their dual ability to selectively infect and lyse tumor cells and to induce systemic anti-tumor immunity. Among various candidate viruses, coxsackievirus group B (CVBs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years. CVBs are a group of small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, belonging to species human Enterovirus B in the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. Preclinical studies have demonstrated potent anti-tumor activities for CVBs, particularly type 3, against multiple cancer types, including lung, breast, and colorectal cancer. Various approaches have been proposed or applied to enhance the safety and specificity of CVBs towards tumor cells and to further increase their anti-tumor efficacy. This review summarizes current knowledge and strategies for developing CVBs as oncolytic viruses for cancer virotherapy. The challenges arising from these studies and future prospects are also discussed in this review.
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- 2021
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30. Experimental Infection of North American Sheep with Ehrlichia ruminantium
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Arathy Nair, Paidashe Hove, Huitao Liu, Ying Wang, Ada G. Cino-Ozuna, Jamie Henningson, Charan K. Ganta, and Roman R. Ganta
- Subjects
rickettsials ,Anaplasmataceae pathogens ,tick-borne diseases ,heartwater ,Cowdria ruminantium ,Medicine - Abstract
Ehrlichia ruminantium, a tick-borne rickettsial, causes heartwater in ruminants resulting from vascular damage. Severity of heartwater varies greatly in ruminant species and breeds, age of animals and for diverse geographic E. ruminantium strains. E. ruminantium and a tick vector, Amblyomma variegatum, originating from Africa, are well established in certain Caribbean islands two centuries ago. Besides the possibility of introduction of heartwater through African exotic animal importation, presence of the pathogen, and the tick vector in the Caribbean pose a high risk to ruminants in the USA and other western hemisphere countries. Scientific evidence supporting the heartwater threat to nonendemic regions, however, is lacking. We describe the first infection study in sheep reared in the USA with seven E. ruminantium strains. All infected sheep exhibited clinical signs characteristic of subacute to subclinical disease, which included labored breathing, depression, coughing, and nasal discharges. Gross and microscopic lesions consistent with heartwater disease including edema and hemorrhage were observed in several organs. Pathogen-specific IgG antibody response was detected in animals infected with all seven strains, while molecular analysis confirmed the pathogen presence only when infected with in vitro cultures. This is the first infection study demonstrating severe heartwater in sheep reared in North America.
- Published
- 2021
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31. Sequence Determinants Spanning −10 Motif and Spacer Region Implicated in Unique Ehrlichia chaffeensis Sigma 32-Dependent Promoter Activity of dnaK Gene
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Huitao Liu and Roman R. Ganta
- Subjects
gene regulation ,intracellular bacteria ,Anaplasmataceae ,sigma factor ,Ehrlichia chaffeensis ,RNA polymerase ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular tick-borne bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Studying Ehrlichia gene regulation is challenge, as this and related rickettsiales lack natural plasmids and mutagenesis experiments are of a limited scope. E. chaffeensis contains only two sigma factors, σ32 and σ70. We previously developed Escherichia coli surrogate system to study transcriptional regulation from RNA polymerase (RNAP) containing Ehrlichia σ32 or σ70. We reported that RNAP binding motifs of E. chaffeensis genes recognized by σ32 or σ70 share extensive homology and that transcription may be initiated by either one of the sigma factors, although transcriptional efficiencies differ. In the current study, we investigated mapping the E. chaffeensis dnaK gene promoter using the pathogen σ32 expressed in E. coli lacking its native σ32. The E. coli surrogate system and our previously described in vitro transcription system aided in defining the unique −10 motif and spacer sequence of the dnaK promoter. We also mapped σ32 amino acids/domains engaged in its promoter regulation in E. chaffeensis. The data reported in this study demonstrate that the −10 and −35 motifs and spacer sequence located between the two motifs of dnaK promoter are critical for the RNAP function. Further, we mapped the importance of all six nucleotide positions of the −10 motif and identified critical determinants within it. In addition, we reported that the lack of C-rich sequence upstream to the −10 motif is unique in driving the pathogen-specific transcription by its σ32 from dnaK gene promoter. This is the first study in defining an E. chaffeensis σ32-dependent promoter and it offers insights about how this and other related rickettsial pathogens regulate stress response genes.
- Published
- 2019
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32. Proteome Analysis Revealed Changes in Protein Expression Patterns Caused by Mutations in Ehrlichia chaffeensis
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Chandramouli Kondethimmanahalli, Huitao Liu, and Roman R. Ganta
- Subjects
Ehrlichia chaffeensis ,intracellular bacteria ,iTRAQ ,quantitative proteomics ,mutagenesis ,2-D gel electrophoresis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The tick-borne rickettsial pathogen, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, causes monocytic ehrlichiosis in people and other vertebrate hosts. Mutational analysis in E. chaffeensis genome aids in better understanding of its infection and persistence in host cells and in the development of attenuated vaccines. Our recent RNA deep sequencing study revealed that three genomic mutations caused global changes in the gene expression patterns, which in turn affect the ability of pathogen's survival in a host and the host's ability to induce protection against the pathogen. In this follow-up study, we document the impact of mutations on the pathogen's global protein expression and the influence of protein abundance on a mutant's attenuation and protection of vertebrate host against infection. iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry analysis of E. chaffeensis wildtype and mutants identified 564 proteins covering about 63% of the genome. Mutation in ECH_0379 gene encoding for an antiporter protein, causing attenuated growth in vertebrate hosts, led to overexpression of p28 outer membrane proteins, molecular chaperons, and metabolic enzymes, while a mutation downstream to the ECH_0490 gene that caused minimal impact on the pathogen's in vivo growth resulted in major changes in the expression of outer membrane proteins, transcriptional regulators and T4SS proteins. ECH_0660 gene mutation, causing the pathogen's rapid clearance and offering protection against wild type infection challenge in a vertebrate host, had a minimal impact on proteome similar to our prior observations from transcriptome analysis. While the global proteome data revealed fewer translated proteins compared to the transcripts identified from RNA deep sequencing analysis, there is a great deal of correlation noted between the global proteome and transcriptome analysis. Further, global proteome analysis, including the assessment of 2D resolved total and immunoproteomes revealed greater variations in the highly immunogenic p28-Omp proteins.
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- 2019
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33. Thermal Response Characteristics of Intermittently Cooled Room with Tube-Embedded Cooling Slab and Optimization of Intermittent Control
- Author
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Xuemin Sui, Huajiang Wang, Ming Qu, and Huitao Liu
- Subjects
tube-embedded slab ,intermittent cooling ,thermal response ,optimizing control ,thermal comfort ,energy efficiency ,Technology - Abstract
The heat storage effect of the tube-embedded slab cooling system (TESCS) makes the intermittent operation feasible, a reasonable intermittent strategy can fully realize the energy saving effect. This paper purposes to optimize the intermittent control schemes for TESCS by simulation. The response of the thermal environment intermittently cooled by TESCS is firstly studied. Then, the intermittent control schemes of TESCS are studied. On the basis of the dual-objective optimization for thermal comfort and energy efficiency, the optimal scheme is established. The results show that the tube-embedded slab has significant heat storage and release characteristics under intermittent cooling condition. Its maximum cooling capacity appears about one hour after the stop of cooling. Reducing the cooling duration can reduce the system energy consumption, but increasing the cooling duration can reduce the system peak load. Twenty-four-hour cooling can reduce the peak load by about 70%, 67%, and 41%, respectively, compared with 6-h, 8-h, and 12-h cooling. The effect of the cooling duration on the thermal comfort and energy efficiency is much greater than the cooling time distribution. Frequent starts and stops of the pump can increase the cooling capacity obtained by the room to a certain extent. Daytime cooling provides higher comfort and energy efficiency while night cooling can reduce the chiller’s peak cooling requirement by about 25%.
- Published
- 2020
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34. The effects of plastic film mulching on maize growth and water use in dry and rainy years in Northeast China.
- Author
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Jie Xu, Congfeng Li, Huitao Liu, Peilu Zhou, Zhiqiang Tao, Pu Wang, Qingfeng Meng, and Ming Zhao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Plastic film mulching (PM) has been widely used to improve maize (Zea mays L.) yields and water use efficiency (WUE) in Northeast China, but the effects of PM in a changing climate characterized by highly variable precipitation are not well understood. Six site-year field experiments were conducted in the dry and rainy years to investigate the effects of PM on maize growth, grain yield, and WUE in Northeast China. Compared to crops grown without PM treatment (control, CK), PM significantly increased the grain yield by 15-26% in the dry years, but no significant yield increase was observed in the rainy years. Yield increase in the dry years was mainly due to a large increase in dry matter accumulation pre-silking compared to the CK, which resulted from a greater dry matter accumulation rate due to the higher topsoil temperature and water content. As a result, the WUE of the crops that underwent PM (3.27 kg m(-3)) treatment was also increased by around 16% compared to the CK, although the overall evapotranspiration was similar between the two treatments. In the rainy years, due to frequent precipitation and scant sunshine, the topsoil temperature and water content in the field that received PM treatment was improved only at some stages and failed to cause higher dry matter accumulation, except at the 8th leaf stage. Consequently, the grain yield and WUE were not improved by PM in the rainy years. In addition, we found that PM caused leaf senescence at the late growth stage in both dry and rainy years. Therefore, in practice, PM should be applied cautiously, especially when in-season precipitation is taken into account.
- Published
- 2015
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35. Aggregate-reactivation activity of the molecular chaperone ClpB from Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
- Author
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Ting Zhang, Sabina Kedzierska-Mieszkowska, Huitao Liu, Chuanmin Cheng, Roman R Ganta, and Michal Zolkiewski
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Rickettsiale diseases, including human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, are the second leading cause of the tick-borne infections in the USA and a growing health concern. Little is known about how E. chaffeensis survives the host-induced stress in vertebrate and tick hosts. A molecular chaperone ClpB from several microorganisms has been reported to reactivate aggregated proteins in cooperation with the co-chaperones DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (KJE). In this study, we performed the first biochemical characterization of ClpB from E. chaffeensis. The transcript of E. chaffeensis ClpB (EhClpB) is strongly upregulated after infection of cultured macrophages and its level remains high during the Ehrlichia replicative stage. EhClpB forms ATP-dependent oligomers and catalyzes the ATP hydrolysis, similar to E. coli ClpB (EcClpB), but its ATPase activity is insensitive to the EcClpB activators, casein and poly-lysine. EhClpB in the presence of E. coli KJE efficiently reactivates the aggregated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and firefly luciferase. Unlike EcClpB, which requires the co-chaperones for aggregate reactivation, EhClpB reactivates G6PDH even in the absence of KJE. Moreover, EhClpB is functionally distinct from EcClpB as evidenced by its failure to rescue a temperature-sensitive phenotype of the clpB-null E. coli. The clpB expression pattern during the E. chaffeensis infection progression correlates with the pathogen's replicating stage inside host cells and suggests an essential role of the disaggregase activity of ClpB in the pathogen's response to the host-induced stress. This study sets the stage for assessing the importance of the chaperone activity of ClpB for E. chaffeensis growth within the mammalian and tick hosts.
- Published
- 2013
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36. Transcription of Ehrlichia chaffeensis genes is accomplished by RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing either sigma 32 or sigma 70.
- Author
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Huitao Liu, Tonia Von Ohlen, Chuanmin Cheng, Bonto Faburay, and Roman R Ganta
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Bacterial gene transcription is initiated by RNA polymerase containing a sigma factor. To understand gene regulation in Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an important tick-transmitted rickettsiae responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis, we initiated studies evaluating the transcriptional machinery of several genes of this organism. We mapped the transcription start sites of 10 genes and evaluated promoters of five genes (groE, dnaK, hup, p28-Omp14 and p28-Omp19 genes). We report here that the RNA polymerase binding elements of E. chaffeensis gene promoters are highly homologous for its only two transcription regulators, sigma 32 and sigma 70, and that gene expression is accomplished by either of the transcription regulators. RNA analysis revealed that although transcripts for both sigma 32 and sigma 70 are upregulated during the early replicative stage, their expression patterns remained similar for the entire replication cycle. We further present evidence demonstrating that the organism's -35 motifs are essential to transcription initiations. The data suggest that E. chaffeensis gene regulation has evolved to support the organism's growth, possibly to facilitate its intraphagosomal growth. Considering the limited availability of genetic tools, this study offers a novel alternative in defining gene regulation in E. chaffeensis and other related intracellular pathogens.
- Published
- 2013
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37. Intergenomic rearrangements after polyploidization of Kengyilia thoroldiana (Poaceae: Triticeae) affected by environmental factors.
- Author
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Qiuxia Wang, Huitao Liu, Ainong Gao, Xinming Yang, Weihua Liu, Xiuquan Li, and Lihui Li
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Polyploidization is a major evolutionary process. Approximately 70-75% species of Triticeae (Poaceae) are polyploids, involving 23 genomes. To investigate intergenomic rearrangements after polyploidization of Triticeae species and to determine the effects of environmental factors on them, nine populations of a typical polyploid Triticeae species, Kengyilia thoroldiana (Keng) J.L.Yang et al. (2n = 6x = 42, StStPPYY), collected from different environments, were studied using genome in situ hybridization (GISH). We found that intergenomic rearrangements occurred between the relatively large P genome and the small genomes, St (8.15%) and Y (22.22%), in polyploid species via various types of translocations compared to their diploid progenitors. However, no translocation was found between the relatively small St and Y chromosomes. Environmental factors may affect rearrangements among the three genomes. Chromosome translocations were significantly more frequent in populations from cold alpine and grassland environments than in populations from valley and lake-basin habitats (P
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- 2012
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38. Recent advances in molecular imprinting-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors
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Yuhao Wen, Dani Sun, Jialuo Yu, Ji Qi, Zhong Zhang, Zhihua Song, Xiaoyan Wang, Huitao Liu, Lingxin Chen, and Jinhua Li
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
39. Comparison of clonidine and cyproheptadine determination in animal-derived foods by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography and large volume sample stacking-capillary zone electrophoresis
- Author
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Xiaobin Li, Yuan Gao, Zhihan Zheng, and Huitao Liu
- Subjects
Capillary electrophoresis ,Chromatography ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Chemistry ,Stacking ,medicine ,General Chemistry ,Cyproheptadine ,Sample (graphics) ,Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study establishes a method for rapid detection of clonidine and cyproheptadine in foods of animal origin. In order to obtain the best detection method, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), large volume sample stacking (LVSS), and sweeping-micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) were used respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) of clonidine and cyproheptadine by LVSS-CZE were 0.028 μg mL−1 and 0.034 μg mL−1, and those by sweeping-MEKC were 0.023 μg mL−1 and 0.031 μg mL−1, respectively. Compared with the CZE method, the two online pre-concentration technologies have greatly improved the detection sensitivity and achieved good enrichment results. However, compared with the sweeping-MEKC system, the LVSS system consumed a longer time and was greatly affected by the actual sample matrix. The sweeping-MEKC method was proved to be suitable for real sample analysis. Under the best sweeping-MEKC conditions, clonidine and cyproheptadine could be well separated within 8 min and good linear relationships in the range of 0.1–1.0 μg mL−1 (r 2 > 0.99) were obtained. This method was successfully applied to the determination of clonidine and cyproheptadine in animal-derived foods with the recoveries of 82.3%–90.1% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 3.11%. The sweeping-MEKC method is simple to operate and has great potential in the rapid detection of clonidine and cyproheptadine in animal-derived foods.
- Published
- 2022
40. Determination of four naphthalenediols in cosmetic samples by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography and a comparison with HPLC
- Author
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Yuan Gao, Zhihan Zheng, Xiaobin Li, Huitao Liu, and Qian Wang
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Micellar electrokinetic chromatography - Abstract
A sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) method was developed for the determination of 1,7-naphthalenediol, 2,3-naphthalenediol, 1,5-naphthalenediol and 2,7-naphthalenediol in cosmetics. Several parameters affecting sweeping-MEKC method were studied systematically and the separation conditions were optimized as 20 mM NaH2PO4–110 mM SDS and 40% (v/v) MeOH (pH 2.4), with −22 kV applied voltage and UV detection at 230 nm. The sample matrix is 60 mmol L−1 NaH2PO4 and sample introduction was performed at 3 psi for 6 s. Separation of the four naphthalenediols was completed in less than 17 min. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) are 0.0045∼0.0094 μg mL−1 and 0.015∼0.031 μg mL−1. Linear relationship (r 2 > 0.999) is satisfactory at the range of 0.1–10 μg mL−1. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of the four naphthalenediols in real cosmetic samples, with recoveries in foundation, sun cream and lotion in the range of 92.3%∼106.8% and relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.15%. A HPLC method described in the National Standards of the People’s Republic of China was carried out for the comparison with the proposed method. The results showed that the proposed sweeping-MEKC method has the advantages of fast, low cost with comparative sensitivity.
- Published
- 2022
41. <scp>SARM1</scp> promotes the neuroinflammation and demyelination through <scp>IGFBP2</scp> / <scp>NF‐κB</scp> pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice
- Author
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Jingjing Zhang, Lingting Jin, Xin Hua, Mianxian Wang, Jiaojiao Wang, Xingxing Xu, Huitao Liu, Haoyu Qiu, Huankun Sun, Tianyingying Dong, Danlu Yang, Xu Zhang, Ying Wang, and Zhihui Huang
- Subjects
Physiology - Published
- 2023
42. Fuzzy correlation similarity measurement of color-histograms
- Author
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Changlong, Ye and Huitao, Liu
- Subjects
color histogram ,Pattern recognition - Abstract
Fuzzy correlation of color-histograms is proposed for measure the similarity between the color images. A weighted algorithm was demonstrated of calculating the peak value of the correlation, it shows the flexibility to search to an image and its best matching images with color distortion and color char- acters. Experimental examples show the effectiveness of this method in retrieving of color images of specific color content., {"references":["M.J. Swain, D.H. Ballard, Int. J. Comput. Vision 7 (1991) 11.","B.M. Mehtre, M.S. Kankanhalli, A.D. Narasimhalu et al., Pattern Recogn. Lett. 16 (1995) 325.","A. del Bimbo, Visual Information Retrieval, Morgan Kaufmann Inc, San Francisco, 1999.","L.A. Zadeh, Inform. Control 8 (1965) 338.","J. Fu, H.J. Caulfield, S.R. Pulusani, J. Electron. Imaging 13 (2004) 553."]}
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Multiple Ehrlichia chaffeensis genes critical for persistent infection in a vertebrate host are identified as nonessential for its growth in the tick vector; Amblyomma americanum.
- Author
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Jaworski, Deborah C., Ying Wang, Nair, Arathy, Huitao Liu, and Ganta, Roman R.
- Subjects
AMBLYOMMA ,TICK infestations ,EHRLICHIA ,TICKS ,BACTERIAL genes ,VERTEBRATES ,DOG diseases - Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick-transmitted monocytic ehrlichiosis agent primarily causing the disease in people and dogs. We recently described the development and characterization of 55 random mutations in E. chaffeensis, which aided in defining the critical nature of many bacterial genes for its growth in a physiologically relevant canine infection model. In the current study, we tested 45 of the mutants for their infectivity ability to the pathogen's tick vector; Amblyomma americanum. Four mutations resulted in the pathogen's replication deficiency in the tick, similar to the vertebrate host. Mutations causing growth defects in both vertebrate and tick hosts included in genes coding for a predicted alpha/beta hydrolase, a putative dicarboxylate amino acid: cation symporter, a T4SS protein, and predicted membrane-bound proteins. Three mutations caused the bacterial defective growth only in the tick vector, which represented putative membrane proteins. Ten mutations causing no growth defect in the canine host similarly grew well in the tick vector. Mutations in 28 genes/genomic locations causing E. chaffeensis growth attenuation in the canine host were recognized as non-essential for its growth in the tick vector. The tick non-essential genes included genes coding for many metabolic pathway- and outer membrane-associated proteins. This study documents novel vector- and host-specific differences in E. chaffeensis for its functional gene requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotic Analysis
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Guangli Zhao, Yue Zhang, Dani Sun, Shili Yan, Yuhao Wen, Yixiao Wang, Guisheng Li, Huitao Liu, Jinhua Li, and Zhihua Song
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Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The abuse and residues of antibiotics have a great impact on the environment and organisms, and their determination has become very important. Due to their low contents, varieties and complex matrices, effective recognition, separation and enrichment are usually required prior to determination. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a kind of highly selective polymer prepared via molecular imprinting technology (MIT), are used widely in the analytical detection of antibiotics, as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and as recognition elements of sensors. Herein, recent advances in MIPs for antibiotic residue analysis are reviewed. Firstly, several new preparation techniques of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are briefly introduced, including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, and multi-template imprinting, multi-functional monomer imprinting and dummy template imprinting. Secondly, several SPE modes based on MIPs are summarized, namely packed SPE, magnetic SPE, dispersive SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersive extraction, solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction and pipette-tip SPE. Thirdly, the basic principles of MIP-based sensors and three sensing modes, including electrochemical sensing, optical sensing and mass sensing, are also outlined. Fourthly, the research progress on molecularly imprinted SPEs (MISPEs) and MIP-based electrochemical/optical/mass sensors for the detection of various antibiotic residues in environmental and food samples since 2018 are comprehensively reviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, β-lactams and so on. Finally, the preparation and application prospects of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are outlined.
- Published
- 2022
45. A Novel Mixed-Norm Multibaseline Phase-Unwrapping Algorithm Based on Linear Programming.
- Author
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Huitao Liu, Mengdao Xing, and Zheng Bao 0001
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Cluster-Analysis-Based Noise-Robust Phase-Unwrapping Algorithm for Multibaseline Interferograms.
- Author
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Huitao Liu, Mengdao Xing, and Zheng Bao 0001
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A dynamic Bayesian network based approach to safety decision support in tunnel construction.
- Author
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Xianguo Wu, Huitao Liu, Limao Zhang, Miroslaw J. Skibniewski, Qianli Deng, and Jiaying Teng
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the detection of three chlorophenols in cosmetic samples
- Author
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Huitao Liu, Yuan Gao, Fangfang Gao, Zhihan Zheng, and Xiaobin Li
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Micellar electrokinetic chromatography - Abstract
A sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) enrichment model was established for the determination of three chlorophenols (CPs) in cosmetics, namely, bithionol, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). The optimum electrophoretic conditions were 20 mM NaH2PO4-80 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 30% (v/v) acetonitrile (pH 2.3). The optimum on-line concentration conditions were as follows: sample matrix, 100 mM NaH2PO4; pressure injection at 20.67 kPa (3 psi) for 25 s. The linear range of bithionol, PCP, and 2,4,6-TCP are 0.20–4.00 μg mL−1, 0.10–2.00 μg mL−1, and 0.05–2.00 μg mL−1 respectively, with correlation coefficient (r) over 0.9972. The limits of detection (LOD) based on three times the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3) are in the range of 0.0061–0.024 μg mL−1. Recoveries for the three CPs in powder and lotion samples are between 79.7 and 110.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.38–5.54% and 92.2–121.3% with RSD of 0.72–6.09%, respectively. The proposed method can provide reference for the determination of trace CPs in different sample matrix.
- Published
- 2021
49. QSPR Study on the prediction of ionization potential of various organic compounds by heuristic method and radial basis function neural network.
- Author
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Lihua Tian, Huitao Liu, Feng Luan, and Yuan Gao
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The first high-quality reference genome of sika deer provides insights for high-tannin adaptation
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Xiumei Xing, Cheng Ai, Tianjiao Wang, Yang Li, Huitao Liu, Pengfei Hu, Guiwu Wang, Huamiao Liu, Hongliang Wang, Ranran Zhang, Junjun Zheng, Xiaobo Wang, Lei Wang, Yuxiao Chang, Qian Qian, Jinghua Yu, Lixin Tang, Shigang Wu, Xiujuan Shao, Alun Li, Peng Cui, Wei Zhan, Sheng Zhao, Zhichao Wu, Xiqun Shao, Yimeng Dong, Min Rong, Yihong Tan, Xuezhe Cui, Shuzhuo Chang, Xingchao Song, Tongao Yang, Limin Sun, Yan Ju, Pei Zhao, Huanhuan Fan, Ying Liu, Xinhui Wang, Wanyun Yang, Min Yang, Tao Wei, Shanshan Song, Jiaping Xu, Zhigang Yue, Qiqi Liang, Chunyi Li, Jue Ruan, and Fuhe Yang
- Subjects
Subfamily ,Sequence assembly ,Genomics ,Biology ,Genome ,Biochemistry ,Computational Mathematics ,Evolutionary biology ,Genetics ,Gene family ,Adaptation ,Gene ,Molecular Biology ,Reference genome - Abstract
Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves, which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear. In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet, we have made a major advancement in the elucidation of the genomics of sika deer. We generated the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments. Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food, especially the expansion of UGT genes in a subfamily. The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance toa highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome will serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation. Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.
- Published
- 2022
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