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2. Cellular Immunity of Drosophila willistoni Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense.

Author

Cinege, Gyöngyi, Fodor, Kinga, Magyar, Lilla B., Lipinszki, Zoltán, Hultmark, Dan, and Andó, István

Subjects
CELLULAR immunity, INSECT defenses, CELL fusion, IMMUNE response, PHAGOCYTOSIS, DROSOPHILA
Abstract

Coevolution of hosts and their parasites has shaped heterogeneity of effector hemocyte types, providing immune defense reactions with variable effectiveness. In this work, we characterize hemocytes of Drosophila willistoni, a species that has evolved a cellular immune system with extensive variation and a high degree of plasticity. Monoclonal antibodies were raised and used in indirect immunofluorescence experiments to characterize hemocyte subpopulations, follow their functional features and differentiation. Pagocytosis and parasitization assays were used to determine the functional characteristics of hemocyte types. Samples were visualized using confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. We identified a new multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) type, which differentiates in the course of the cellular immune response to parasitoids. These cells differentiate in the circulation through nuclear division and cell fusion, and can also be derived from the central hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. They have a binary function as they take up bacteria by phagocytosis and are involved in the encapsulation and elimination of the parasitoid. Here, we show that, in response to large foreign particles, such as parasitoids, MGHs differentiate, have a binary function and contribute to a highly effective cellular immune response, similar to the foreign body giant cells of vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Editorial: Community series in recent advances in Drosophila cellular and humoral innate immunity: volume II.

Author

Vesala, Laura, Hultmark, Dan, and Valanne, Susanna

Subjects
NATURAL immunity, DROSOPHILA, ADENOID cystic carcinoma, HUMORAL immunity
Abstract

The article is an editorial introducing a community series on recent advances in Drosophila cellular and humoral innate immunity. The series includes original research and review articles by experts in the field. The articles cover topics such as immune cell diversity, regulatory mechanisms, tumor-associated hemocytes, metabolic changes in immune cells, and the impact of fungal infections. The authors highlight the importance of Drosophila as a model organism for studying host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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5. Distinctive features of Zaprionus indianus hemocyte differentiation and function revealed by transcriptomic analysis.

Author

Cinege, Gyöngyi, Magyar, Lilla B., Kovács, Henrietta, Varga, Viktória, Bodai, László, Zsindely, Nóra, Nagy, Gábor, Hegedűs, Zoltán, Hultmark, Dan, and Andó, István

Subjects
BLOOD cells, CELL physiology, CELL analysis, TRANSCRIPTOMES, DROSOPHILA melanogaster
Abstract

Background: Insects have specialized cell types that participate in the elimination of parasites, for instance, the lamellocytes of the broadly studied species Drosophila melanogaster. Other drosophilids, such as Drosophila ananassae and the invasive Zaprionus indianus, have multinucleated giant hemocytes, a syncytium of blood cells that participate in the encapsulation of the eggs or larvae of parasitoid wasps. These cells can be formed by the fusion of hemocytes in circulation or originate from the lymph gland. Their ultrastructure highly resembles that of the mammalian megakaryocytes. Methods: Morphological, protein expressional, and functional features of blood cells were revealed using epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The respective hemocyte subpopulations were identified using monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Escherichia coli bacteria were used in phagocytosis tests. Gene expression analysis was performed following mRNA sequencing of blood cells. Results: D. ananassae and Z. indianus encapsulate foreign particles with the involvement of multinucleated giant hemocytes and mount a highly efficient immune response against parasitoid wasps. Morphological, protein expressional, and functional assays of Z. indianus blood cells suggested that these cells could be derived from large plasmatocytes, a unique cell type developing specifically after parasitoid wasp infection. Transcriptomic analysis of blood cells, isolated from naïve and wasp-infected Z. indianus larvae, revealed several differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, cell movements, encapsulation of foreign targets, energy production, and melanization, suggesting their role in the anti-parasitoid response. A large number of genes that encode proteins associated with coagulation and wound healing, such as phenoloxidase activity factor-like proteins, fibrinogen-related proteins, lectins, and proteins involved in the differentiation and function of platelets, were constitutively expressed. The remarkable ultrastructural similarities between giant hemocytes and mammalian megakaryocytes, and presence of platelets, and giant cellderived anucleated fragments at wound sites hint at the involvement of this cell subpopulation in wound healing processes, in addition to participation in the encapsulation reaction. Conclusion: Our observations provide insights into the broad repertoire of blood cell functions required for efficient defense reactions to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. The analysis of the differentiation and function of multinucleated giant hemocytes gives an insight into the diversification of the immune mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Broad Ultrastructural and Transcriptomic Changes Underlie the Multinucleated Giant Hemocyte Mediated Innate Immune Response against Parasitoids

Author

Cinege, Gyöngyi, primary, Magyar, Lilla B., additional, Kovács, Attila L., additional, Lerner, Zita, additional, Juhász, Gábor, additional, Lukacsovich, David, additional, Winterer, Jochen, additional, Lukacsovich, Tamás, additional, Hegedűs, Zoltán, additional, Kurucz, Éva, additional, Hultmark, Dan, additional, Földy, Csaba, additional, and Andó, István, additional

Published
2021
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20. Recent Advances in Drosophila Cellular and Humoral Innate Immunity

Author

Vesala, Laura, Hultmark, Dan, and Valanne, Susanna

Subjects
Drosophila melanogaster, model for human diseases, humoral immunity, Immunologi inom det medicinska området, Immunology, Immunologi, Immunology in the medical area, cellular immunity, host-pathogen interaction, bacteria, innate immunity, metabolism
Published
2020

21. Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Author

Clark, Andrew G., Eisen, Michael B., Smith, Douglas R., Bergman, Casey M., Oliver, Brian, Markow, Therese A., Kaufman, Thomas C., Kellis, Manolis, Gelbart, William, Iyer, Venky N., Pollard, Daniel A., Sackton, Timothy B., Larracuente, Amanda M., Singh, Nadia D., Abad, Jose P., Abt, Dawn N., Adryan, Boris, Aguade, Montserrat, Akashi, Hiroshi, Anderson, Wyatt W., Aquadro, Charles F., Ardell, David H., Arguello, Roman, Artieri, Carlo G., Barbash, Daniel A., Barker, Daniel, Barsanti, Paolo, Batterham, Phil, Batzoglou, Serafim, Begun, Dave, Bhutkar, Arjun, Blanco, Enrico, Bosak, Stephanie A., Bradley, Robert K., Brand, Adrianne D., Brent, Michael R., Brooks, Angela N., Brown, Randall H., Butlin, Roger K., Caggese, Corrado, Calvi, Brian R., Bernardo de Carvalho, A., Caspi, Anat, Castrezana, Sergio, Celniker, Susan E., Chang, Jean L., Chapple, Charles, Chatterji, Sourav, Chinwalla, Asif, Civetta, Alberto, Clifton, Sandra W., Comeron, Josep M., Costello, James C., Coyne, Jerry A., Daub, Jennifer, David, Robert G., Delcher, Arthur L., Delehaunty, Kim, Do, Chuong B., Ebling, Heather, Edwards, Kevin, Eickbush, Thomas, Evans, Jay D., Filipski, Alan, Findeiß, Sven, Freyhult, Eva, Fulton, Lucinda, Fulton, Robert, Garcia, Ana C. L., Gardiner, Anastasia, Garfield, David A., Garvin, Barry E., Gibson, Greg, Gilbert, Don, Gnerre, Sante, Godfrey, Jennifer, Good, Robert, Gotea, Valer, Gravely, Brenton, Greenberg, Anthony J., Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Gross, Samuel, Guigo, Roderic, Gustafson, Erik A., Haerty, Wilfried, Hahn, Matthew W., Halligan, Daniel L., Halpern, Aaron L., Halter, Gillian M., Han, Mira V., Heger, Andreas, Hillier, LaDeana, Hinrichs, Angie S., Holmes, Ian, Hoskins, Roger A., Hubisz, Melissa J., Hultmark, Dan, Huntley, Melanie A., Jaffe, David B., Jagadeeshan, Santosh, Jeck, William R., Johnson, Justin, Jones, Corbin D., Jordan, William C., Karpen, Gary H., Kataoka, Eiko, Keightley, Peter D., Kheradpour, Pouya, Kirkness, Ewen F., Koerich, Leonardo B., Kristiansen, Karsten, Kudrna, Dave, Kulathinal, Rob J., Kumar, Sudhir, Kwok, Roberta, Lander, Eric, Langley, Charles H., Lapoint, Richard, Lazzaro, Brian P., Lee, So-Jeong, Levesque, Lisa, Li, Ruiqiang, Lin, Chiao-Feng, Lin, Michael F., Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Llopart, Ana, Long, Manyuan, Low, Lloyd, Lozovsky, Elena, Lu, Jian, Luo, Meizhong, Machado, Carlos A., Makalowski, Wojciech, Marzo, Mar, Matsuda, Muneo, Matzkin, Luciano, McAllister, Bryant, McBride, Carolyn S., McKernan, Brendan, McKernan, Kevin, Mendez-Lago, Maria, Minx, Patrick, Mollenhauer, Michael U., Montooth, Kristi, Mount, Stephen M., Mu, Xu, Myers, Eugene, Negre, Barbara, Newfeld, Stuart, Nielsen, Rasmus, Noor, Mohamed A. F., O'Grady, Patrick, Pachter, Lior, Papaceit, Montserrat, Parisi, Matthew J., Parisi, Michael, Parts, Leopold, Pedersen, Jakob S., Pesole, Graziano, Phillippy, Adam M., Ponting, Chris P., Pop, Mihai, Porcelli, Damiano, Powell, Jeffrey R., Prohaska, Sonja, Pruitt, Kim, Puig, Marta, Quesneville, Hadi, Ravi Ram, Kristipati, Rand, David, Rasmussen, Matthew D., Reed, Laura K., Reenan, Robert, Reily, Amy, Remington, Karin A., Rieger, Tania T., Ritchie, Michael G., Robin, Charles, Rogers, Yu-Hui, Rohde, Claudia, Rozas, Julio, Rubenfield, Marc J., Ruiz, Alfredo, Russo, Susan, Salzberg, Steven L., Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro, Saranga, David J., Sato, Hajime, Schaeffer, Stephen W., Schatz, Michael C., Schlenke, Todd, Schwartz, Russell, Segarra, Carmen, Singh, Rama S., Sirot, Laura, Sirota, Marina, Sisneros, Nicholas B., Smith, Chris D., Smith, Temple F., Spieth, John, Stage, Deborah E., Stark, Alexander, Stephan, Wolfgang, Strausberg, Robert L., Strempel, Sebastian, Sturgill, David, Sutton, Granger, Sutton, Granger G., Tao, Wei, Teichmann, Sarah, Tobari, Yoshiko N., Tomimura, Yoshihiko, Tsolas, Jason M., Valente, Vera L. S., Venter, Eli, Craig Venter, J., Vicario, Saverio, Vieira, Filipe G., Vilella, Albert J., Villasante, Alfredo, Walenz, Brian, Wang, Jun, Wasserman, Marvin, Watts, Thomas, Wilson, Derek, Wilson, Richard K., Wing, Rod A., Wolfner, Mariana F., Wong, Alex, Ka-Shu Wong, Gane, Wu, Chung-I, Wu, Gabriel, Yamamoto, Daisuke, Yang, Hsiao-Pei, Yang, Shiaw-Pyng, Yorke, James A., Yoshida, Kiyohito, Zdobnov, Evgeny, Zhang, Peili, Zhang, Yu, Zimin, Aleksey V., Baldwin, Jennifer, Abdouelleil, Amr, Abdulkadir, Jamal, Abebe, Adal, Abera, Brikti, Abreu, Justin, Christophe Acer, St, Aftuck, Lynne, Alexander, Allen, An, Peter, Anderson, Erica, Anderson, Scott, Arachi, Harindra, Azer, Marc, Bachantsang, Pasang, Barry, Andrew, Bayul, Tashi, Berlin, Aaron, Bessette, Daniel, Bloom, Toby, Blye, Jason, Boguslavskiy, Leonid, Bonnet, Claude, Boukhgalter, Boris, Bourzgui, Imane, Brown, Adam, Cahill, Patrick, Channer, Sheridon, Cheshatsang, Yama, Chuda, Lisa, Citroen, Mieke, Collymore, Alville, Cooke, Patrick, Costello, Maura, D'Aco, Katie, Daza, Riza, De Haan, Georgius, DeGray, Stuart, DeMaso, Christina, Dhargay, Norbu, Dooley, Kimberly, Dooley, Erin, Doricent, Missole, Dorje, Passang, Dorjee, Kunsang, Dupes, Alan, Elong, Richard, Falk, Jill, Farina, Abderrahim, Faro, Susan, Ferguson, Diallo, Fisher, Sheila, Foley, Chelsea D., Franke, Alicia, Friedrich, Dennis, Gadbois, Loryn, Gearin, Gary, Gearin, Christina R., Giannoukos, Georgia, Goode, Tina, Graham, Joseph, Grandbois, Edward, Grewal, Sharleen, Gyaltsen, Kunsang, Hafez, Nabil, Hagos, Birhane, Hall, Jennifer, Henson, Charlotte, Hollinger, Andrew, Honan, Tracey, Huard, Monika D., Hughes, Leanne, Hurhula, Brian, Erii Husby, M, Kamat, Asha, Kanga, Ben, Kashin, Seva, Khazanovich, Dmitry, Kisner, Peter, Lance, Krista, Lara, Marcia, Lee, William, Lennon, Niall, Letendre, Frances, LeVine, Rosie, Lipovsky, Alex, Liu, Xiaohong, Liu, Jinlei, Liu, Shangtao, Lokyitsang, Tashi, Lokyitsang, Yeshi, Lubonja, Rakela, Lui, Annie, MacDonald, Pen, Magnisalis, Vasilia, Maru, Kebede, Matthews, Charles, McCusker, William, McDonough, Susan, Mehta, Teena, Meldrim, James, Meneus, Louis, Mihai, Oana, Mihalev, Atanas, Mihova, Tanya, Mittelman, Rachel, Mlenga, Valentine, Montmayeur, Anna, Mulrain, Leonidas, Navidi, Adam, Naylor, Jerome, Negash, Tamrat, Nguyen, Thu, Nguyen, Nga, Nicol, Robert, Norbu, Choe, Norbu, Nyima, Novod, Nathaniel, O'Neill, Barry, Osman, Sahal, Markiewicz, Eva, Oyono, Otero L., Patti, Christopher, Phunkhang, Pema, Pierre, Fritz, Priest, Margaret, Raghuraman, Sujaa, Rege, Filip, Reyes, Rebecca, Rise, Cecil, Rogov, Peter, Ross, Keenan, Ryan, Elizabeth, Settipalli, Sampath, Shea, Terry, Sherpa, Ngawang, Shi, Lu, Shih, Diana, Sparrow, Todd, Spaulding, Jessica, Stalker, John, Stange-Thomann, Nicole, Stavropoulos, Sharon, Stone, Catherine, Strader, Christopher, Tesfaye, Senait, Thomson, Talene, Thoulutsang, Yama, Thoulutsang, Dawa, Topham, Kerri, Topping, Ira, Tsamla, Tsamla, Vassiliev, Helen, Vo, Andy, Wangchuk, Tsering, Wangdi, Tsering, Weiand, Michael, Wilkinson, Jane, Wilson, Adam, Yadav, Shailendra, Young, Geneva, Yu, Qing, Zembek, Lisa, Zhong, Danni, Zimmer, Andrew, Zwirko, Zac, Alvarez, Pablo, Brockman, Will, Butler, Jonathan, Chin, CheeWhye, Grabherr, Manfred, Kleber, Michael, Mauceli, Evan, and MacCallum, Iain

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium; Project Leaders; Andrew G. Clark (corresponding author) [1]; Michael B. Eisen (corresponding author) [2, 3]; Douglas R. Smith (corresponding author) [4]; Casey M. Bergman (corresponding [...]

Published
2007
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23. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera

Author

Weinstock, George M., Robinson, Gene E., Gibbs, Richard A., Worley, Kim C., Evans, Jay D., Maleszka, Ryszard, Robertson, Hugh M., Weaver, Daniel B., Beye, Martin, Bork, Peer, Elsik, Christine G., Hartfelder, Klaus, Hunt, Greg J., Zdobnov, Evgeny M., Amdam, Gro V., Bitondi, Mrcia M. G., Collins, Anita M., Cristino, Alexandre S., Michael, H., Lattorff, G., Lobo, Carlos H., Moritz, Robin F. A., Nunes, Francis M. F., Page, Jr, Robert E., Simoes, Zil L. P., Wheeler, Diana, Carninci, Piero, Fukuda, Shiro, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide, Kai, Chikatoshi, Kawai, Jun, Sakazume, Naoko, Sasaki, Daisuke, Tagami, Michihira, Albert, Stefan, Baggerman, Geert, Beggs, Kyle T., Bloch, Guy, Cazzamali, Giuseppe, Cohen, Mira, Drapeau, Mark David, Eisenhardt, Dorothea, Emore, Christine, Ewing, Michael A., Fahrbach, Susan E., Foret, Sylvain, Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P., Hauser, Frank, Hummon, Amanda B., Huybrechts, Jurgen, Jones, Andrew K., Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko, Kaplan, Noam, Kucharski, Robert, Leboulle, Gerard, Linial, Michal, Littleton, J. Troy, Mercer, Alison R., Richmond, Timothy A., RodriguezZas, Sandra L., Rubin, Elad B., Sattelle, David B., Schlipalius, David, Schoofs, Liliane, Shemesh, Yair, Sweedler, Jonathan V., Velarde, Rodrigo, Verleyen, Peter, Vierstraete, Evy, Williamson, Michael R., Ament, Seth A., Brown, Susan J., Corona, Miguel, Dearden, Peter K., Dunn, W. Augustine, Elekonich, Michelle M., Fujiyuki, Tomoko, Gattermeier, Irene, Gempe, Tanja, Hasselmann, Martin, Kage, Eriko, Kamikouchi, Azusa, Kubo, Takeo, Kunieda, Takekazu, Lorenzen, Marce, Milshina, Natalia V., Morioka, Mizue, Ohashi, Kazuaki, Overbeek, Ross, Ross, Christian A., Schioett, Morten, Shippy, Teresa, Takeuchi, Hideaki, Toth, Amy L., Willis, Judith H., Wilson, Megan J., Gordon, Karl H. J., Letunic, Ivica, Hackett, Kevin, Peterson, Jane, Felsenfeld, Adam, Guyer, Mark, Solignac, Michel, Agarwala, Richa, Cornuet, Jean Marie, Monnerot, Monique, Mougel, Florence, Reese, Justin T., Vautrin, Dominique, Gillespie, Joseph J., Cannone, Jamie J., Gutell, Robin R., Johnston, J. Spencer, Eisen, Michael B., Iyer, Venky N., Iyer, Vivek, Kosarev, Peter, Mackey, Aaron J., Solovyev, Victor, Souvorov, Alexandre, Aronstein, Katherine A., Bilikova, Katarina, Chen, Yan Ping, Clark, Andrew G., Decanini, Laura I., Gelbart, William M., Hetru, Charles, Hultmark, Dan, Imler, Jean-Luc, Jiang, Haobo, Kanost, Michael, Kimura, Kiyoshi, Lazzaro, Brian P., Lopez, Dawn L., Simuth, Jozef, Thompson, Graham J., Zou, Zhen, De Jong, Pieter, Sodergren, Erica, Cs[u dbl acute]ros, Miklos, Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, Osoegawa, Kazutoyo, Richards, Stephen, Shu, Chung-Li, Duret, Laurent, Elhaik, Eran, Graur, Dan, Anzola, Juan M., Campbell, Kathryn S., Childs, Kevin L., Collinge, Derek, Crosby, Madeline A., Dickens, C. Michael, Gramates, L. Sian, Grozinger, Christina M., Jones, Peter L., Jorda, Mireia, Ling, Xu, Matthews, Beverly B., Miller, Jonathan, Mizzen, Craig, Peinado, Miguel A., Reid, Jeffrey G., Russo, Susan M., Schroeder, Andrew J., St Pierre, Susan E., Wang, Ying, Zhou, Pinglei, Jiang, Huaiyang, Kitts, Paul, Ruef, Barbara, Venkatraman, Anand, Zhang, Lan, Aquino-Perez, Gildardo, Whitfield, Charles W., Behura, Susanta K., Berlocher, Stewart H., Sheppard, Walter S., Smith, Deborah R., Suarez, Andrew V., Tsutsui, Neil D., Wei, Xuehong, Wheeler, David, Havlak, Paul, Li, Bingshan, Liu, Yue, Jolivet, Angela, Lee, Sandra, Nazareth, Lynne V., Pu, Ling-Ling, Thorn, Rachel, Stolc, Viktor, Newman, Thomas, Samanta, Manoj, Tongprasit, Waraporn A., Claudianos, Charles, Berenbaum, May R., Biswas, Sunita, de Graaf, Dirk C., Feyereisen, Rene, Johnson, Reed M., Oakeshott, John G., Ranson, Hilary, Schuler, Mary A., Muzny, Donna, Chacko, Joseph, Davis, Clay, Dinh, Huyen, Gill, Rachel, Hernandez, Judith, Hines, Sandra, Hume, Jennifer, Jackson, LaRonda, Kovar, Christie, Lewis, Lora, Miner, George, Morgan, Margaret, Nguyen, Ngoc, Okwuonu, Geoffrey, Paul, Heidi, Santibanez, Jireh, Savery, Glenford, Svatek, Amanda, Villasana, Donna, and Wright, Rita

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): The Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium; Overall project leadership: ; George M. Weinstock [1, 2]; Gene E. Robinson [7, 9, 13, 14]; Principal investigators: ; Richard A. Gibbs [1, 2]; [...]

Published
2006
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25. Caspase-mediated processing of the Drosophila NF-[kappa]B factor Relish

Author

Stoven, Svenja, Silverman, Neal, Junell, Anna, Hedengren-Olcott, Marika, Erturk, Deniz, Engstrom, Ylva, Maniatis, Tom, and Hultmark, Dan

Subjects
Immune response -- Research, Science and technology, National Academy of Sciences -- Research
Abstract

The NF-[kappa]B-like transcription factor Relish plays a central role in the innate immune response of Drosophila. Unlike other NF-[kappa]B proteins, Relish is activated by endoproteolytic cleavage to generate a DNA-binding Rel homology domain and a stable I[kappa]B-like fragment. This signal-reduced endoproteolysis requires the activity of several gene products, including the I[kappa]B kinase complex and the caspase Dredd. Here we used mutational analysis and protein microsequencing to demonstrate that a caspase target site, located in the linker region between the Rel and the I[kappa]B-like domain, is the site of signal-dependent cleavage We also show physical interaction between Relish and Dredd, suggesting that Dredd indeed is the Relish endoprotease. In addition to the caspase target site, the C-terminal 107 aa of Relish are required for endoproteolysis and signal-dependent phosphorylation by the Drosophila I[kappa]B kinase [beta]. Finally, an N-terminal serine-rich region in Relish and the PEST domain were found to negatively regulate Relish activation.

Published
2003

29. A Drosophila I(kappa)B kinase complex required for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity

Author

Silverman, Neal, Zhou, Rui, Stoven, Svenja, Pandey, Niranjan, Hultmark, Dan, and Maniatis, Tom

Subjects
Immunocytochemistry -- Research, Cellular signal transduction -- Research, Drosophila -- Physiological aspects, Protein kinases -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

A Drosophila I(kappa)B kinase complex containing DmIKK(beta) and DMIKK(gamma) has been identified. The complex is necessary for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity. A yet-to-be-identified I(kappa)B kinase complex is apparently required for Rel protein activation via the Toll signaling pathway.

Published
2000

38. Tissue communication in a systemic immune response of Drosophila

Author

Yang, Hairu and Hultmark, Dan

Subjects
Immunity, Cellular, Hemocytes, STAT, Extra View, Muscles, fungi, Wasps, Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy), JAK/STAT, tissue communication, JAK, Host-Parasite Interactions, STAT Transcription Factors, Drosophila melanogaster, Larva, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila, muscles, fat body, Medicinsk bioteknologi (med inriktning mot cellbiologi (inklusive stamcellsbiologi), molekylärbiologi, mikrobiologi, biokemi eller biofarmaci), Toll, Janus Kinases, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Several signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT and Toll pathways, are known to activate blood cells (hemocytes) in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. They are believed to regulate the immune response against infections by parasitoid wasps, such as Leptopilina boulardi, but how these pathways control the hemocytes is not well understood. Here, we discuss the recent discovery that both muscles and fat body take an active part in this response. Parasitoid wasp infection induces Upd2 and Upd3 secretion from hemocytes, leading to JAK/STAT activation mainly in hemocytes and in skeletal muscles. JAK/STAT activation in muscles, but not in hemocytes, is required for an efficient encapsulation of wasp eggs. This suggests that Upd2 and Upd3 are important cytokines, coordinating different tissues for the cellular immune response in Drosophila. In the fat body, Toll signaling initiates a systemic response in which hemocytes are mobilized and activated hemocytes (lamellocytes) are generated. However, the contribution of Toll signaling to the defense against wasps is limited, probably because the wasps inject inhibitors that prevent the activation of the Toll pathway. In conclusion, parasite infection induces a systemic response in Drosophila larvae involving major organ systems and probably the physiology of the entire organism.

Published
2016

41. Erratum to: Unity in defence: Honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens [BMC Genomics. 18, (2017)(207)] DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3597-6

Author

Doublet, Vincent, Poeschl, Yvonne, Gogol döring, Andreas, Alaux, Cédric, Annoscia, Desiderato, Aurori, Christian, Barribeau, Seth M., Bedoya reina, Oscar C., Brown, Mark J. F., Bull, James C., Flenniken, Michelle L., Galbraith, David A., Genersch, Elke, Gisder, Sebastian, Grosse, Ivo, Holt, Holly L., Hultmark, Dan, Lattorff, H. Michael G., Le Conte, Yves, Manfredini, Fabio, Mcmahon, Dino P., Moritz, Robin F. A., Nazzi, Francesco, Niã±o, Elina L., Nowick, Katja, Van Rij, Ronald P., Paxton, Robert J., and Grozinger, Christina M.

Subjects
Genetics, Biotechnology
Published
2017

42. Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens (vol 18, 207, 2017)

Author

Doublet, Vincent, Poeschl, Yvonne, Gogol-Doering, Andreas, Alaux, Cedric, Annoscia, Desiderato, Aurori, Christian, Barribeau, Seth M, Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C, Brown, Mark JF, Bull, James C, Flenniken, Michelle L, Galbraith, David A, Genersch, Elke, Gisder, Sebastian, Grosse, Ivo, Holt, Holly L, Hultmark, Dan, Lattorff, H Michael G, Le Conte, Yves, Manfredini, Fabio, McMahon, Dino P, Moritz, Robin FA, Nazzi, Francesco, Nino, Elina L, Nowick, Katja, van Rij, Ronald P, Paxton, Robert J, Grozinger, Christina M, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Networktechnologies and Multimedia Teleservices, University of Potsdam, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, East Carolina University, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford [Oxford], School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Montana State University (MSU), Penn State System, Free University of Berlin (FU), Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Institute for Biology, University of Bergen (UiB), School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Halle, Germany, Partenaires INRAE, German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Leipzig University, and Radboud university [Nijmegen]

Subjects
RNA virus, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, transcriptomique, Immunology, Immunity, Biotechnologies, Meta-analysis, résistance aux agents pathogènes, Nosema, IAPV, Immunologie, Varroa destructor, Co- expression network, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, approche statistique, Apis mellifera, DWV, Transcriptomics, immunité, bioinformatique
Abstract

International audience; Background: Organisms typically face infection by diverse pathogens, and hosts are thought to have developed specific responses to each type of pathogen they encounter. The advent of transcriptomics now makes it possible to test this hypothesis and compare host gene expression responses to multiple pathogens at a genome-wide scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of multiple published and new transcriptomes using a newly developed bioinformatics approach that filters genes based on their expression profile across datasets. Thereby, we identified common and unique molecular responses of a model host species, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to its major pathogens and parasites: the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, RNA viruses, and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, which transmits viruses. Results: We identified a common suite of genes and conserved molecular pathways that respond to all investigated pathogens, a result that suggests a commonality in response mechanisms to diverse pathogens. We found that genes differentially expressed after infection exhibit a higher evolutionary rate than non-differentially expressed genes. Using our new bioinformatics approach, we unveiled additional pathogen-specific responses of honey bees; we found that apoptosis appeared to be an important response following microsporidian infection, while genes from the immune signalling pathways, Toll and Imd, were differentially expressed after Varroa/virus infection. Finally, we applied our bioinformatics approach and generated a gene co-expression network to identify highly connected (hub) genes that may represent important mediators and regulators of anti-pathogen responses.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis generated a comprehensive overview of the host metabolic and other biological processes that mediate interactions between insects and their pathogens. We identified key host genes and pathways that respond to phylogenetically diverse pathogens, representing an important source for future functional studies as well as offering new routes to identify or generate pathogen resilient honey bee stocks. The statistical and bioinformatics approaches that were developed for this study are broadly applicable to synthesize information across transcriptomic datasets. These approaches will likely have utility in addressing a variety of biological questions.

Published
2017

43. Additional file 1: Figure S1-S9. of Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens

Author

Doublet, Vincent, Poeschl, Yvonne, Gogol-Döring, Andreas, Alaux, Cédric, Annoscia, Desiderato, Aurori, Christian, Barribeau, Seth, Bedoya-Reina, Oscar, Brown, Mark, Bull, James, Flenniken, Michelle, Galbraith, David, Genersch, Elke, Gisder, Sebastian, Grosse, Ivo, Holt, Holly, Hultmark, Dan, H. Lattorff, Conte, Yves Le, Manfredini, Fabio, McMahon, Dino, Moritz, Robin, Nazzi, Francesco, Niño, Elina, Nowick, Katja, Rij, Ronald Van, Paxton, Robert, and Grozinger, Christina

Abstract

This file includes supplementary figures documenting our multidimensional scaling analysis results, a heat map of the differential expression of the 7,077 genes across the 19 datasets, a Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes, the expression profile of the gene coding for hymenoptaecin, the distribution of genes according to their number of inter-gene connections, the degree of connectivity of differentially expressed genes, the process of gene selection for this study, the distribution of genes’ differential expression across datasets, and a diagram illustrating our new bioinformatics approach. (PDF 683 kb)

Published
2017
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45. Erratum to: Unity in defence: honeybee workers exhibit conserved molecular responses to diverse pathogens

Author

Doublet, Vincent, primary, Poeschl, Yvonne, additional, Gogol-Döring, Andreas, additional, Alaux, Cédric, additional, Annoscia, Desiderato, additional, Aurori, Christian, additional, Barribeau, Seth M., additional, Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C., additional, Brown, Mark J. F., additional, Bull, James C., additional, Flenniken, Michelle L., additional, Galbraith, David A., additional, Genersch, Elke, additional, Gisder, Sebastian, additional, Grosse, Ivo, additional, Holt, Holly L., additional, Hultmark, Dan, additional, Lattorff, H. Michael G., additional, Le Conte, Yves, additional, Manfredini, Fabio, additional, McMahon, Dino P., additional, Moritz, Robin F. A., additional, Nazzi, Francesco, additional, Niño, Elina L., additional, Nowick, Katja, additional, van Rij, Ronald P., additional, Paxton, Robert J., additional, and Grozinger, Christina M., additional

Published
2017
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46. A family of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Werner, Thomas, Liu, Gang, Kang, Daiwu, Ekengren, Sophia, Steiner, Hakan, and Hultmark, Dan

Subjects
Peptidoglycans -- Research, Fruit-flies -- Physiological aspects, Drosophila -- Research, Immune system -- Physiological aspects, Science and technology
Abstract

Peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls trigger immune responses in insects and mammals. A peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP, has been cloned from moths as well as vertebrates and has been shown to participate in peptidoglycan-mediated activation of prophenoloxidase in the silk moth. Here we report that Drosophila expresses 12 PGRP genes, distributed in 8 chromosomal loci on the 3 major chromosomes. By analyzing cDNA clones and genomic databases, we grouped them into two classes: PGRP-SA, SB1, SB2, SC1A, SC1B, SC2, and SD, with short transcripts and short 5'-untranslated regions; and PGRP-LA, LB, LC, LD, and LE, with long transcripts and long 5'-untranslated regions. The predicted structures indicate that the first group encodes extracellular proteins and the second group, intracellular and membrane-spanning proteins. Most PGRP genes are expressed in all postembryonic stages. Peptidoglycan injections strongly induce five of the genes. Transcripts from the different PGRP genes were found in immune competent organs such as fat body, gut, and hemocytes. We demonstrate that at least PGRP-SA and SC1B can bind peptidoglycan, and a function in immunity is likely for this family.

Published
2000

50. Convergent Evolution of Argonaute-2 Slicer Antagonism in Two Distinct Insect RNA Viruses

Author

van Mierlo, Joel, Bronkhorst, Alfred, Overheul, Gijs, Sadanandan, Sajna, Ekström, Jens-Ola, Heestermans, Marco, Hultmark, Dan, Antoniewski, Chistophe, van Rij, Ronald, Biolääketieteellisen teknologian yksikkö - Institute of Biomedical Technology, and University of Tampere

Subjects
viruses, Lääketieteen bioteknologia - Medical biotechnology, fungi
Abstract

RNA interference (RNAi) is a major antiviral pathway that shapes evolution of RNA viruses. We show here that Nora virus, a natural Drosophila pathogen, is both a target and suppressor of RNAi. We detected viral small RNAs with a signature of Dicer-2 dependent small interfering RNAs in Nora virus infected Drosophila. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Nora virus VP1 protein contains RNAi suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo that enhances pathogenicity of recombinant Sindbis virus in an RNAi dependent manner. Nora virus VP1 and the viral suppressor of RNAi of Cricket paralysis virus (1A) antagonized Argonaute-2 (AGO2) Slicer activity of RNA induced silencing complexes pre-loaded with a methylated single-stranded guide strand. The convergent evolution of AGO2 suppression in two unrelated insect RNA viruses highlights the importance of AGO2 in antiviral defense. Public Library of Science open access

Published
2012

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