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505 results on '"Humber, Richard A."'

5. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg R, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason C, Stajich, Jason E, Davis, William J, James, Tim Y, Cooley, John R, Panaccione, Daniel G, Eilenberg, Jørgen, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Macias, Angie M, Berger, Matthew C, Wickert, Kristen L, Stauder, Cameron M, Spahr, Ellie J, Maust, Matthew D, Metheny, Amy M, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie T, Humber, Richard A, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan PG, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt T

Subjects
Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Massospora, Entomophthorales, Zoopagomycota, Entomopathogen, Amphetamine, Cathinone, Tryptamine, Psilocybin, Psilocin, Invertebrate pathology, Magicicada, Okanagana, Platypedia, Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but a few species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics- and metabolomics-based studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses. However, the mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina-infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora, which likely represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora. The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2019

8. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason, Stajich, Jason, Davis, William, James, Tim, Cooley, John, Panaccione, Daniel, Eilenberg, Jørgen, Licht, Henrik De Fine, Macias, Angie, Berger, Matthew, Wickert, Kristen, Stauder, Cameron, Spahr, Ellie, Maust, Matthew, Metheny, Amy, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie, Humber, Richard, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but select species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses, yet mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina -infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora , which appear to represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora . The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2018

9. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg R, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason C, Stajich, Jason E, Davis, William J, James, Tim Y, Cooley, John R, Panaccione, Daniel G, Eilenberg, Jørgen, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Macias, Angie M, Berger, Matthew C, Wickert, Kristen L, Stauder, Cameron M, Spahr, Ellie J, Maust, Matthew D, Metheny, Amy M, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie T, Humber, Richard A, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan PG, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt T

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but select species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses, yet mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina -infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora , which appear to represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora . The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2018

14. Sequential utilization of hosts from different fly families by genetically distinct, sympatric populations within the Entomophthora muscae species complex.

Author

Gryganskyi, Andrii P, Humber, Richard A, Stajich, Jason E, Mullens, Bradley, Anishchenko, Iryna M, and Vilgalys, Rytas

Subjects
Animals, Diptera, Entomophthora, Genetics, Population, Environment, Phylogeny, Haplotypes, Host-Pathogen Interactions, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The fungus Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthoromycota, Entomophthorales, Entomophthoraceae) is a widespread insect pathogen responsible for fatal epizootic events in many dipteran fly hosts. During epizootics in 2011 and 2012 in Durham, North Carolina, we observed a transition of fungal infections from one host, the plant-feeding fly Delia radicum, to a second host, the predatory fly Coenosia tigrina. Infections first appeared on Delia in the middle of March, but by the end of May, Coenosia comprised 100% of infected hosts. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that E. muscae in Durham comprises two distinct subpopulations (clades) with several haplotypes in each. Fungi from either clade are able to infect both fly species, but vary in their infection phenologies and host-specificities. Individuals of the more phylogenetically diverse clade I predominated during the beginning of the spring epizootic, infecting mostly phytophagous Delia flies. Clade II dominated in late April and May and affected mostly predatory Coenosia flies. Analysis of population structure revealed two subpopulations within E. muscae with limited gene exchange. This study provides the first evidence of recombination and population structure within the E. muscae species complex, and illustrates the complexity of insect-fungus relationships that should be considered for development of biological control methods.

Published
2013

18. Entomopathogenic fungus treatment changes the gut bacterial diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks

Author

Mesquita, Emily, primary, da Costa, Diogo Paes, additional, Meirelles, Laura Nóbrega, additional, Camargo, Mariana Guedes, additional, Corrêa, Thaís Almeida, additional, Bittencourt, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro, additional, da Silva Coelho, Irene, additional, Santos, Huarrisson Azevedo, additional, Humber, Richard Alan, additional, and Golo, Patrícia Silva, additional

Published
2023
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22. Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Author

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Pawłowska, Julia, Letcher, Peter M., Kirk, Paul M., Humber, Richard A., Schüßler, Arthur, Wrzosek, Marta, Muszewska, Anna, Okrasińska, Alicja, Istel, Łukasz, Gęsiorska, Aleksandra, Mungai, Paul, Lateef, Adebola Azeez, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Singh, Rajshree V., Radek, Renate, Walther, Grit, Wagner, Lysett, Walker, Christopher, Wijesundara, D. Siril A., Papizadeh, Moslem, Dolatabadi, Somayeh, Shenoy, Belle D., Tokarev, Yuri S., Lumyong, Saisamorn, and Hyde, Kevin D.

Published
2018
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23. Collection of entomopathogenic fungal cultures : catalog of strains /

Author

Humber, Richard A., United States. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Humber, Richard A., and United States. Agricultural Research Service

Subjects
Catalogs and collections, entomopathogenic fungi, Fungi, Insects, Pathogens
Published
1992

27. Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales:Entomophthoraceae), a new species infecting pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Author

Eilenberg, Jørgen, Keller, Siegfried, Humber, Richard A, Jensen, Annette H., Jensen, Annette B, Görg, Louisa M, Muskat, Linda C, Kais, Britta, Gross, Jürgen, Patel, Anant V, Eilenberg, Jørgen, Keller, Siegfried, Humber, Richard A, Jensen, Annette H., Jensen, Annette B, Görg, Louisa M, Muskat, Linda C, Kais, Britta, Gross, Jürgen, and Patel, Anant V

Abstract

The new species Pandora cacopsyllae Eilenberg, Keller & Humber (Entomophthorales) is described. The fungus was found on infected pear psyllids Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a pear orchard in Zealand, Denmark. Morphological structures (conidia, rhizoids, cystidia) were described on the designated type host C. pyri. In addition, conidia from an in vitro culture were described. Pandora cacopsyllae differs from other Pandora species by a) C. pyri is the natural host; b) conidia are different from other Pandora species infecting Psylloidea; c) ITS differs from other Pandora species infecting Hemiptera. The fungus has a high potential for future use in biological control of Cacopsylla pest species as well as other psyllids.

Published
2023

34. Corrigendum to “Phylogenetic placement of two species known only from resting spores: Zoophthora independentia sp. nov. and Z. porteri comb. nov. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)” [J. Invertebr. Pathol. 140 (2016) 68–74]

Author

Hajek, Ann E., primary, Gryganskyi, Andrii, additional, Bittner, Tonya, additional, Liebherr, James K., additional, Liebherr, Jonathan H., additional, Jensen, Annette Bruun, additional, Moulton, John K., additional, and Humber, Richard A., additional

Published
2022
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39. Zygomycota: Zygomycetes

Author

Benny, Gerald L., Humber, Richard A., Morton, Joseph B., Esser, Karl, editor, Lemke, Paul A., editor, McLaughlin, David J., editor, and McLaughlin, Esther G., editor

Published
2001
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40. Strongwellsea selandia and Strongwellsea gefion (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae), two new species infecting adult flies from genus Helina (Diptera: Muscidae)

Author

Eilenberg, Jørgen, Michelsen, Verner, Bruun Jensen, Annette, Humber, Richard A, Eilenberg, Jørgen, Michelsen, Verner, Bruun Jensen, Annette, and Humber, Richard A

Abstract

Two new species from the genus Strongwellsea (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) that infect adult flies from the genus Helina (Muscidae) are described: Strongwellsea selandia Eilenberg & Humber infecting adult Helina evecta (Harris), and Strongwellsea gefion Eilenberg & Humber infecting adult Helina reversio (Harris). The descriptions are based on pathobiological, phenotypical and genotypical characters. The new species differ from other described members from the genus Strongwellsea by a) pathobiology as revealed by natural host species, b) morphology of primary conidia, c) color of resting spores, and d) genotypical clustering based on analysis of ITS2. The two new species have only been documented from North Zealand, Denmark.

Published
2022

50. Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium

Author

Quandt, C. Alisha, Kepler, Ryan M., Gams, Walter, Araújo, João P. M., Ban, Sayaka, Evans, Harry C., Hughes, David, Humber, Richard, Hywel-Jones, Nigel, Li, Zengzhi, Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer, Rehner, Stephen A., Sanjuan, Tatiana, Sato, Hiroki, Shrestha, Bhushan, Sung, Gi-Ho, Yao, Yi-Jian, Zare, Rasoul, and Spatafora, Joseph W.

Published
2014
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