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Food security is one of the targets of Sustainable Development Goals where it focuses explicitly on food by seeking to end hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. However, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown distorted the food system and affected households' capacity to meet its nutritional needs. This study evaluated the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on households in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 265 households. Data was collected using well-structured questionnaire. The analytical techniques were; Descriptive statistics, FDT Food security index and Z-Statistics Test. The findings indicated that 53% of the household heads were female while 47% were male. The mean age of the respondents was 34 years; the mean Household size was 4 persons. Most of the household heads (68%) were not members of cooperative societies. The result indicated that cereals, legumes/grains, oils/fat, roots and tubers, sugar and honey and meats were the most common food consumed by the households daily before and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Result of food security status indicated that households consumed an average daily calorie intake of 5860.52 which is higher than the estimate of 1707.88 calorie consumed by the food insecure households. Covid-19 pandemic had effect (p JEL Classifications: Q01, Q18, Keywords: Effect, Covid-19 lockdown, Food Security, Urban Households, Plateau State., INTRODUCTION The concern for food security is a cornerstone in the development process for every country to weaken the vicious cycle of poverty among the teeming populace of developed and [...]

Survival sex is commonly defined as the exchange of sex for material goods required for survival (i.e., shelter, food, drugs) and, therefore, is often studied among populations experiencing material deprivation [...], Survival sex is the exchange of sex for material goods required for survival (i.e., shelter, food, drugs). Because this exchange occurs under conditions of deprivation, there is a power imbalance that limits the ability to freely consent to sex or to exercise sexual agency. This review aimed to examine the consent and sexual agency implications of survival sex and to identify which factors push people into greater levels of deprivation and vulnerability to engage in survival sex. We searched six databases and included 21 articles that discussed the sexual consent or sexual agency implications of survival sex and synthesized the study findings via qualitative analysis. We identified three themes as they relate to the consent or sexual agency implications of survival sex--power, coercion, and sexual agency--and five themes we called push factors into greater vulnerability to survival sex--hunger, patriarchy, poverty, substance use, and insecure housing. Each factor has the effect of limiting peoples capacity to consent to sex by creating a coercive environment that limits their power to exercise sexual agency. We found that women are at particular risk to be coerced into survival sex by other people or circumstances of deprivation. Our findings suggest that survival sex is often nonconsensual sex. In contrast to traditional approaches that consider survival sex a risk factor for sexual health, we discuss policy and advocacy efforts and apply a human rights perspective that considers how survival sex is a violation of personhood and autonomy. KEYWORDS: Sexual agency, sexual consent, scoping review, survival sex, transactional sex

Overweight and obesity are now a global health problem and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in North America remains the highest among highincome countries. (1) In Canada, obesity [...], OBJECTIVE: The last decade saw a higher prevalence of overweight reported among food-insecure families in Canada, but no robust evidence exists on the covariate-adjusted association in children. In this study, we examined the association between hunger and overweight in Canadian students, using a propensity score matching analysis to reduce confounding. METHODS: This research used data from the 2009/2010 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study on a representative national sample of students in Grades 6 through 10. Students self-reported their height and weight and how often they have gone to school or to bed hungry due to a lack of food at home. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted on the total sample (N = 17,694) and on the sample matched on propensity scores (n = 7,788). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight among students was 20.2% with a significant difference between students who reported hunger (24.0%; 95% CI: 22.1-26.0) and students who did not (19.0%; 95% CI: 17.9-20.2). Analysis on the matched sample revealed a significant association between hunger and overweight in children (adjusted odds ratio: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12- 1.50). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of Canadian students have reported being hungry because of a lack of food at home. These students are at increased risk of overweight, regardless of their social class. Child hunger and household food insecurity exist in Canada and constitute a call for policy action at a national level. KEY WORDS: Overweight; child; adolescent; hunger; propensity score; food OBJECTIF : Au cours des 10 dernieres annees, la prevalence du surpoids declaree chez les familles aux prises avec l&apos;insecurite alimentaire au Canada a augmente, mais il n&apos;existe aucune donnee probante solide sur une association ponderee en fonction des covariables chez les enfants. Dans notre etude, nous avons examine l&apos;association entre la faim et le surpoids chez les eleves canadiens a l&apos;aide d&apos;une analyse d&apos;appariement sur le score de propension pour reduire la confusion. METHODE : Nous avons applique les donnees du cycle 2009-2010 de l&apos;Etude canadienne << Health Behaviour School-aged Children >> (HBSC) a un echantillon national representatif d&apos;eleves de la 6e a la 10e annee. Les eleves ont rapporte leur taille et leurs poids et si ils sont souvent alles a l&apos;ecole ou au lit en ayant faim par manque de nourriture a la maison. Nous avons applique un modele de regression logistique multivariee a l&apos;echantillon total (N = 17 694) et a l&apos;echantillon apparie sur le score de propension (n = 7 788). RESULTATS : La prevalence globale du surpoids chez les eleves etait de 20,2 %, avec un ecart significatif entre les eleves ayant connu la faim (24,0 %; IC de 95 % : 22,1 -26,0) et les autres eleves (19,0 %; IC de 95 % : 17,9-20,2). L&apos;analyse de l&apos;echantillon apparie a revele une association significative entre la faim et le surpoids chez les enfants (rapport de cotes ajuste : 1,30; IC de 95 % : 1,12-1,50). CONCLUSIONS : Un nombre considerable d&apos;eleves canadiens a declare avoir connu la faim en raison du manque de nourriture a la maison. Ces eleves presentent un risque accru de surpoids, peu importe leur classe sociale. La faim des enfants et l&apos;insecurite alimentaire des menages existent au Canada et constituent un appel a l&apos;action des pouvoirs publics a l&apos;echelle nationale. MOTS CLES : surpoids; enfant; adolescent; faim; score de propension; nourriture La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l&apos;article. Can J Public Health 2016;107(4-5):e447-e452 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.107.5526

In the Philippines, the vernacular kumakalam na sikmura (literally translated as 'gnawing of the stomach') is used as an image of hunger, a profound experiential event. Hunger as an embodied experience highlights the reciprocity of the body and the world, and the vulnerability of our embodiment is precisely the thread that weaves our embodied experiences together. The body in pain articulated by kumakalam na sikmura in turn becomes a foundational moral experience that will help frame an ecofeminist praxis responsive to issues surrounding women and nature., Who Speaks for the Inarticulate? Redeeming the Vernacular Contemporary Filipino theologians have been hard at work to provide spaces for those whose voices have been suppressed by colonial hegemonic discourse, [...]

Introduction The postpartum period is a critical window for susceptibility to excess weight gain among women [1, 2], and evidence suggests that a large subset of women have substantial postpartum [...], Our objective was to examine mothers' perspectives of obesity-related health behavior recommendations for themselves and their 0-6 month old infants. A health educator conducted 4 motivational counseling calls with 60 mothers of infants during the first 6 months postpartum. Calls addressed 5 behaviors for infants (breastfeeding, introduction of solid foods, sleep, TV, hunger cues), and 4 for mothers (eating, physical activity, sleep, TV). We recorded detailed notes from each call, capturing responsiveness to recommendations and barriers to change. Two independent coders analyzed the notes to identify themes. Mothers in our study were more interested in focusing on their infants' health behaviors than on their own. While most were receptive to eliminating their infants' TV exposure, they resisted limiting TV for themselves. There was some resistance to following infant feeding guidelines, and contrary to advice to avoid nursing or rocking babies to sleep, mothers commonly relied on these techniques. Return to work emerged as a barrier to breastfeeding, yet facilitated healthier eating, increased activity, and reduced TV time for mothers. The early postpartum period is a challenging time for mothers to focus on their own health behaviors, but returning to work appears to offer an opportunity for positive changes in this regard. To improve weight-related infant behaviors, interventions should consider mothers' perceptions of nutrition and physical activity recommendations and barriers to adherence. Keywords Postpartum Women * Infancy * Nutrition * Physical activity * Obesity prevention

To give, to-be-for-the-other, despite oneself but in interrupting the for-oneself is to take the bread out of one's own mouth, to nourish the hunger of the other with one's own [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.013 Byline: Zhenmei Zhang (a), Danan Gu (b), Mark D. Hayward (c) Abstract: Late-life cognitive impairment may have its origins in childhood. Here, we examine the associations between markers of childhood nutritional deprivation and cognitive impairment in older adults. We made use of the 2002 and 2005 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to examine these associations for persons aged 65-105 (N = 15,444). Anthropometric measures (arm length, knee height) and self-reported hunger were used to measure early-life nutritional deficiencies. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination. Results from multivariate logistic regression models show that both anthropometric measures and self-report markers of early-life nutritional status were significantly associated with the odds of cognitive impairment at baseline for both men and women after controlling for age and ethnicity. Adjustments for childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status, adulthood health, and lifestyle habits had little effect on these associations except for the effect of hunger among men. Results from multinomial logistic regression models show that during the three-year follow-up period, arm length was significantly associated with the onset of cognitive impairment after controlling for various confounders in men, but not in women. Our findings suggest that early-life nutritional deprivation may contribute to cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States (b) Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States (c) University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.11.002 Byline: Mathias Hungerbuhler (a), Etienne Lehmann (b) Keywords: Optimal taxation; Minimum wage; Search-matching unemployment; Bunching; Wage bargaining Abstract: We build a theoretical model to study whether a minimum wage can be welfare-improving if it is implemented in conjunction with an optimized nonlinear income tax. We consider this issue in a framework where search frictions on the labor market generate unemployment. Workers differ in productivity. The government does not observe workers' productivity but only their wages. Hence, the redistributive policy solves an adverse selection problem. We show that a minimum wage is optimal if the bargaining power of the workers is relatively low. However, if the government controls the bargaining power, then it is preferable to set a sufficiently high bargaining power. Author Affiliation: (a) University of Namur, Belgium (b) CREST, IZA and IDEP, France Article History: Received 26 July 2007; Revised 15 September 2008; Accepted 14 November 2008 Article Note: (footnote) [star] We thank seminar participants at ERMES-Paris 2, CREST, CORE, the PET 2007 meeting in Nashville and the T2M 2008 meeting in Cergy. In particular, we thank Pierre Cahuc, Guy Laroque, Cyril Nouveau, the editor Pierre Pestieau and two anonymous referees for fruitful comments. A part of this research was realized while Hungerbuhler was visiting ERMES-Paris 2 and another part while Lehmann was visiting the Department of Economics of the Universite Catholique de Louvain.